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Ribolla Gialla (also known as Ribolla, in
Slovenian Slovene or Slovenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Slovenia, a country in Central Europe * Slovene language, a South Slavic language mainly spoken in Slovenia * Slovenes The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( sl, Sloven ...
: Rumena rebula, in Croatian: Jarbola) is a white wine grape grown most prominently in the Friuli region of northeast Italy. The grape is also found in Slovenia where it is known as Rebula. In Friuli, the grape thrives in the region around
Rosazzo Corno di Rosazzo ( fur, Cuar di Rosacis) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about northwest of Trieste and about southeast of Udine. , it had a population of 3,313 and ...
and Gorizia. In Slovenia, the grape is grown prominently in the Brda region.J. Robinson ''Vines, Grapes & Wines'', p. 240. Mitchell Beazley 1986 . The grape is not related to the Friuli red wine grape
Schioppettino Schioppettino (; meaning "gunshot" or "little crack" also known as "Ribolla Nera") is a red Italian wine grape grown predominantly in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of northeast Italy. The grape is believed to have originated between the comun ...
, which is also known as ''Ribolla Nera''. The obscure, lower quality ''Ribola Verde'' grape is a
mutated In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Viral genomes contain either DNA or RNA. Mutations result from errors during DNA or viral replication, mitos ...
version that is not widely used.J. Robinson (ed) ''"The Oxford Companion to Wine"'', Third Edition, p. 576. Oxford University Press 2006 .


History

Theories that the grape originated in Greece as
Robola Robola is a white Greek wine grape variety that is grown primarily on the Ionian island of Cephalonia. Historically the vine was thought to be the same variety as the Friuli wine grape Ribolla and was thought to have been brought to northeast Ital ...
were disproved following DNA profiling in 2007 and 2008, which showed there was no genetic relationship between Robola and Ribolla Gialla.Jancis Robinson, Julia Harding & José Vouillamoz ''Wine Grapes'', p. 899. Allen Lane 2012 . It is now thought to have originated in the Friuli Collio/Goriska Brda region.Jancis Robinson, Julia Harding & José Vouillamoz ''Wine Grapes'', p. 885. Allen Lane 2012 The first written documentation of the grape was in a 1289 notarial contract on vineyard land in the Friuli region. During the 14th century, the Italian poet
Giovanni Boccaccio Giovanni Boccaccio (, , ; 16 June 1313 – 21 December 1375) was an Italian writer, poet, correspondent of Petrarch, and an important Renaissance humanist. Born in the town of Certaldo, he became so well known as a writer that he was somet ...
listed indulgence of Ribolla wines as one of the sins of
gluttony Gluttony ( la, gula, derived from the Latin ''gluttire'' meaning "to gulp down or swallow") means over-indulgence and over-consumption of food, drink, or wealth items, particularly as status symbols. In Christianity, it is considered a sin if ...
in his diatribe on the subject. When the Duke of Austria, Leopold III, established reign over Trieste one of his stipulations was that the city supply him each year with 100 urns of the region's best Ribolla wine. By 1402, the reputation of the wine made from the grape was high enough for the city of Udine to feel compelled to enact a law which prohibited the adulteration of any wine made from Ribolla. In the 18th century, the Italian writer
Antonio Musnig Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular male ...
rated Ribolla wine as the finest white wine in the Friuli. The
phylloxera Grape phylloxera is an insect pest of commercial grapevines worldwide, originally native to eastern North America. Grape phylloxera (''Daktulosphaira vitifoliae'' (Fitch 1855) belong to the family Phylloxeridae, within the order Hemiptera, bugs ...
epidemic of the 19th century took a hard toll on Ribolla plantings with many Friuli vineyards owners choosing to replant their land with imported French wine grapes like
Merlot Merlot is a dark blue–colored wine grape variety, that is used as both a blending grape and for varietal wines. The name ''Merlot'' is thought to be a diminutive of ''merle'', the French name for the blackbird, probably a reference to the ...
and
Sauvignon blanc is a green-skinned grape variety that originates from the Bordeaux region of France. The grape most likely gets its name from the French words ''sauvage'' ("wild") and ''blanc'' ("white") due to its early origins as an indigenous grape in ...
rather than the local grape varieties. By the 1990s less than 1% of all white Friuli wines created under a '' Denominazione di origine controllata'' (DOC) designation contained Ribolla. By the turn of the 21st century, international interest in the wines of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia had led to an increase in plantings of the grape. Today it has a more prominent roles in the white DOC wines of
Colli Orientali del Friuli The Colli Orientali del Friuli is a ''Denominazione di origine controllata'' (DOC) located in the Italian wine region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. The region is located in the province of Udine and is sub-divided into three main sections; Ramandolo ...
and
Collio Goriziano ''Collio Goriziano'' (sometimes designated simply as ''Collio'' or ''Collio DOC'') is an Italian wine and winemaking region in northeast Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located in the northernmost part of the Province of Gorizia, in the It ...
.Oz Clarke ''Encyclopedia of Grapes'', p. 189. Harcourt Books 2001 .


Wine

The white wine made from the Ribolla grape is typically a light bodied wine with high acidity and floral notes. The wine can produce a more New World style with some oak aging. A number of producers in the Friuli Collio, Gorizia Hills and Vipava Valley regions ferment the variety with its skins, to produce a more substantial style now commonly known as
orange wine Orange wine, also known as skin-contact white wine, skin-fermented white wine, or amber wine, is a type of wine made from white wine grapes where the grape skins are not removed, as in typical white wine production, and stay in contact with the ...
.Simon J. Woolf ''Amber Revolution'', p. 266. Morning Claret Productions 2018 . As the wine ages, it can develop some nutty flavors. In Friuli, the wines of the southern regions have a little more body than the wines of the central regions.


Synonyms

Over the years Ribolla Gialla has been known under a variety of synonyms including Avola, Erbula, Gargania, Garganja, Glera, Goricka Ribola, Jarbola, Jerbula, Pignolo, Rabiola, Rabola, Rabolla, Rabolla Dzhalla di Rozatsio, Rabuele, Raibola, Rebolla, Reboula jaune, Rébula, Rebula Bela, Rebula rumena, Rebula zuta, Ribola, Ribola Bijela, Ribola Djiala, Ribolla, Ribolla Bianca, Ribolla Dzhalla, Ribolla Gialla di Rosazz, Ribolla Gialla di Rosazzo, Ribollat, Ribuela, Ribuele, Ribuele Zale, Ribula Zuta, Ribuole, Robolla, Rosazzo, Rumena Rebula and Zelena Rebula. Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC)
Ribolla Gialla
'' Accessed: 17 August 2012.


See also

* List of Italian grape varieties


References

{{reflist White wine grape varieties Wine grapes of Italy Grape varieties of Greece