James Paine (architect)
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James Paine (1717–1789) was an English architect.


Early life

James Paine was probably baptised 9 October 1717 at Andover,
Hampshire Hampshire (, ; abbreviated to Hants) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in western South East England on the coast of the English Channel. Home to two major English cities on its south coast, Southampton and Portsmouth, Hampshire ...
, the youngest of the five children of John Paine (''d''. 1727), carpenter, of Andover, and his wife, Jane Head (''bap''. 1684). Whilst facts about Paine's early life are sparse, it is thought that he studied at the
St Martin's Lane Academy The St Martin's Lane Academy, a precursor of the Royal Academy, was organised in 1735 by William Hogarth, from the circle of artists and designers who gathered at Slaughter's Coffee House at the upper end of St Martin's Lane, London. The artisti ...
, London, founded by
William Hogarth William Hogarth (; 10 November 1697 – 26 October 1764) was an English painter, engraver, pictorial satirist, social critic, editorial cartoonist and occasional writer on art. His work ranges from realistic portraiture to comic strip-like ...
in 1735 to allow artists to practise life drawing. Here he came into contact with many innovative architects, artists designers, including architect
Isaac Ware Isaac Ware (1704—1766) was an English architect and translator of Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio. Early life Ware was born to a life of poverty, living as a street urchin and working as a chimney sweep, until he was adopted by ...
.


Career

It is thought that Ware introduced him to the third
earl of Burlington Earl of Burlington is a title that has been created twice, the first time in the Peerage of England in 1664 and the second in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1831. Since 1858, Earl of Burlington has been a courtesy title used by the duk ...
and his circle of friends. Paine’s first professional job, aged only nineteen, was as the Clerk of Works supervising the building of
Nostell Priory Nostell Priory is a Palladian house in Nostell, West Yorkshire, England, near Crofton on the road to Doncaster from Wakefield. It dates from 1733, and was built for the Winn family on the site of a medieval priory. The Priory and its contents ...
, Yorkshire (''c''.1737–1750), designed by Colonel James Moyser, a friend of Lord Burlington. Essentially a
Palladian Palladian architecture is a European architectural style derived from the work of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). What is today recognised as Palladian architecture evolved from his concepts of symmetry, perspective and ...
, Paine was to work on many other projects in the area including Heath House in the village of
Heath A heath () is a shrubland habitat found mainly on free-draining infertile, acidic soils and characterised by open, low-growing woody vegetation. Moorland is generally related to high-ground heaths with—especially in Great Britain—a cooler a ...
in between Nostell Priory and
Wakefield Wakefield is a cathedral city in West Yorkshire, England located on the River Calder. The city had a population of 99,251 in the 2011 census.https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/ks101ew Census 2011 table KS101EW Usual resident population, ...
. Paine lived in
Pontefract Pontefract is a historic market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England, east of Wakefield and south of Castleford. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is one of the towns in the City of Wak ...
whilst working at Nostell Priory, and whilst working on that project, he was also commissioned to design the Mansion House at Doncaster, Yorkshire between 1745 and 1748. From the 1750s, he had his own practice, and designed many villas, usually consisting of a central building, often with a fine staircase, and two symmetrical wings. The most important house which he was involved with was
Kedleston Hall Kedleston Hall is a neo-classical manor house, and seat of the Curzon family, located in Kedleston, Derbyshire, approximately 4 miles (6 km) north-west of Derby. The medieval village of Kedleston was moved in 1759 by Nathaniel Curzon to mak ...
, Derbyshire where he succeeded Matthew Brettingham from 1759 to 1760 and suggested the colonnaded hall, but he was himself displaced by
Robert Adam Robert Adam (3 July 17283 March 1792) was a British neoclassical architect, interior designer and furniture designer. He was the son of William Adam (1689–1748), Scotland's foremost architect of the time, and trained under him. With his ...
, who altered his designs. At around the same time, he designed the very grand stables at Chatsworth House in the same county. He was a favourite architect of the powerful Catholic families of the time. In the 1760s he was commissioned to rebuild
Worksop Manor Worksop Manor is a Grade I listed 18th-century country house in Bassetlaw, Nottinghamshire. It stands in one of the four contiguous estates in the Dukeries area of Nottinghamshire. Traditionally, the Lord of the Manor of Worksop may assist a ...
for the
Duke of Norfolk Duke of Norfolk is a title in the peerage of England. The seat of the Duke of Norfolk is Arundel Castle in Sussex, although the title refers to the county of Norfolk. The current duke is Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk. The dukes ...
as well as the new
Thorndon Hall Thorndon Hall is a Georgian Palladian country house within Thorndon Park, Ingrave, Essex, England, approximately two miles south of Brentwood and from central London. Formerly the country seat of the Petre family who now reside at nearby In ...
(1764–70) in
Essex Essex () is a county in the East of England. One of the home counties, it borders Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north, the North Sea to the east, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent across the estuary of the River Thames to the south, and Grea ...
for Lord Petre and his house on Park Lane, London. From 1770 to 1776, he built New Wardour Castle in Wiltshire (which featured as the
Royal Ballet School The Royal Ballet School is a British school of classical ballet training founded in 1926 by the Anglo-Irish ballerina and choreographer Ninette de Valois. The school's aim is to train and educate outstanding classical ballet dancers, especially ...
in the film ''
Billy Elliot ''Billy Elliot'' is a 2000 British coming-of-age comedy-drama film directed by Stephen Daldry and written by Lee Hall. Set in County Durham in North East England during the 1984–1985 miners' strike, the film is about a working-class boy w ...
''). Paine held various posts, some sinecures, in the
Office of Works The Office of Works was established in the English royal household in 1378 to oversee the building and maintenance of the royal castles and residences. In 1832 it became the Works Department forces within the Office of Woods, Forests, Land Reven ...
culminating in appointment as one of the two Architects of the Works in 1780 but lost the post in a reorganisation in 1782. He was appointed
High Sheriff of Surrey The list of known High Sheriffs of Surrey extends back to 1066. At various times the High Sheriff of Surrey was also High Sheriff of Sussex (1229–1231, 1232–1240, 1242–1567, 1571–1635). 1066–1228 (High Sheriffs of Surrey only) 1229– ...
for 1783. His practice declined in his later years as he refused to participate in the Neoclassical fashions established by the Adam brothers. He published much of his own work in his two volumes of ''Plans, elevations and sections of Noblemen and Gentlemen's Houses'' (1767 and 1783). In 1789, Paine retired to France, where he died in the autumn.


Personal life

Paine married twice. His first wife was Sarah Jennings, daughter and coheir of George Jennings of Pontefract. They married in March 1741 and had a son, the architect, sculptor, and topographical watercolourist James Paine (1745–1829). After Sarah's death, Paine married Charlotte Beaumont (1722–1766), youngest daughter of Richard Beaumont of Whitley Beaumont, near Huddersfield. They were married by June 1748 and had two daughters, Charlotte (1751 – 31 October 1814) and Mary, known as 'Polly' (1753-1798). Charlotte married St John Charlton (April 1760 - 3 October 1802) on 22 December 1781 who later became High Sheriff of Shropshire in 1790 and the couple lived at Apley Castle. Mary married artist Tilly Kettle, with a dowry of £5,000. In 1773 Paine bought the lease to
Sayes Court Sayes Court was a manor house and garden in Deptford, in the London Borough of Lewisham on the Thames Path and in the former parish of St Nicholas. Sayes Court once attracted throngs to visit its celebrated garden'' Diary and Correspondence of ...
, a country estate near Chertsey in Surrey. He became a justice of the peace for Middlesex in December 1776 and for Surrey in June 1777, and served as high sheriff of Surrey in 1785.


Portraits by Joshua Reynolds

Paine was a friend of artist Joshua Reynolds and had designed a large gallery and painting room, with an elaborate chimney piece, for Reynold’s home in Leicester Fields, now Leicester Square, London. In 1764, Reynolds painted a joint portrait of James Paine father and son pictured above (now in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford). The following year Reynold painted a matching portrait of Charlotte and her two daughters, Charlotte and Mary "Polly", possibly in exchange for in exchange for some of Paine’s architectural work at his home. This portrait is now in Lady Lever Art Gallery, Liverpool. The portraits were intended to be hung so that the father and son faced mother and daughters. Reynolds’s appointment book records an entry for their sittings:
'17 July 1765 Mrs Pain , Miss Pain and Miss Polly Pain.' Then, on 25 July, 'Mrs Paine etc.' on 2 August 'Miss Paine' sat alone, and 'Mrs Paine' sat three days later. On 3 October the entry read: 'Mrs Paine & Co'. There were further appointments on 27 September, 27 November and 2 December, for 'Dog.'
The portrait ''Mrs James Paine, and Her Daughters Charlotte Paine, b.1751, Later Mrs St John Charlton and Mary 'Polly' Paine, 1753–1798, Later Mrs Tilly Kettle'') was exhibited twice in Yorkshire in late nineteenth century, and copies were made. It was eventually acquired by the art dealer C.J Wertheimer but when it was shown at Burlington House in 1908, it was catalogued as ''Portraits of the Misses Paine'', their mother Charlotte having been painted out to increase its sale value.
William Hesketh Lever William Hesketh Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme , (, ; 19 September 1851 – 7 May 1925) was an English industrialist, philanthropist, and politician. Having been educated at a small private school until the age of nine, then at church schools ...
paid £4520. 5s for in 1918. In 1935, the Lady Lever Art Gallery Trustees took the decision to remove the over painting and restored Mrs Paine to her rightful place.


Legacy

In 2017, the Friends of Doncaster Mansion House led on the James Paine Festival, celebrating his life and work on the 300th anniversary of his birth.


List of architectural works

The following are major works attributed to Paine:pp. 171 to 217, James Paine, Peter Leach, 1988, A. Zwemmer Ltd *
Nostell Priory Nostell Priory is a Palladian house in Nostell, West Yorkshire, England, near Crofton on the road to Doncaster from Wakefield. It dates from 1733, and was built for the Winn family on the site of a medieval priory. The Priory and its contents ...
, Yorkshire (c. 1737 – 1750) interiors completed and new wing added later by
Robert Adam Robert Adam (3 July 17283 March 1792) was a British neoclassical architect, interior designer and furniture designer. He was the son of William Adam (1689–1748), Scotland's foremost architect of the time, and trained under him. With his ...
*Heath House, Yorkshire (1744–1745) *17 Cornmarket,
Pontefract Pontefract is a historic market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England, east of Wakefield and south of Castleford. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is one of the towns in the City of Wak ...
, Yorkshire, attributed (c. 1745–1750) * Hickleton Hall, Yorkshire, house and attributed stables (1745–1749) * Mansion House, Doncaster (1745–48), which is one of only three civic mansion houses in England. * Cusworth Hall, Yorkshire, wings (1749–1753) *Wilsford Manor, Lincolnshire, additions (1749) demolished *
Wadworth Hall Wadworth Hall is a grade I listed Manor House, in the village of Wadworth (near Doncaster), England. It was built in 1749 for the Wordsworth family by the renowned northern architect James Paine. It is currently a private residence and has been s ...
, Yorkshire (c. 1749–1750) *5 Market Place,
Pontefract Pontefract is a historic market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England, east of Wakefield and south of Castleford. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is one of the towns in the City of Wak ...
, Yorkshire, attributed (c. 1750–1755) *High Melton Hall, Yorkshire, attributed (c. 1750) * Sprotbrough Hall, Yorkshire, unspecified work (c. 1750) *Milnsbridge Hall, Milnsbridge, Yorkshire, attributed (c. 1750) *Bierley Hall, Yorkshire, alterations and interiors (c. 1750) demolished *The Biggin, Bramham cum Oglethorpe, Yorkshire, alterations (c. 1750–1756) *Old Deanery,
York York is a cathedral city with Roman origins, sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. It is the historic county town of Yorkshire. The city has many historic buildings and other structures, such as a ...
, alterations (c. 1750) *Ormsby Hall, South Ormsby, Lincolnshire (1750–1756) *
Felbrigg Hall Felbrigg Hall is a 17th-century English country house near the village of that name in Norfolk. Part of a National Trust property, the unaltered 17th-century house is noted for its Jacobean architecture and fine Georgian interior. Outside i ...
. Norfolk, new service wing, internal decoration of main rooms (1751–1756) *Dinnington Hall, Dinnington, Yorkshire, attributed, wings (c. 1751–1757) *Kirkstall Grange,
Headingley Headingley is a suburb of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, approximately two miles out of the city centre, to the north west along the A660 road. Headingley is the location of the Beckett Park campus of Leeds Beckett University and Headingley ...
, Yorkshire (1752) *76 St Martin's Lane (Paine's own home) and Little Court, Castle Street, London (1752–1754) demolished *Cowick Hall, Yorkshire, external and internal alterations (1752–1760) * Whitley Beaumont, Yorkshire, redecoration of great hall and attributed gazebo (c. 1752–1754) demolished *
Blagdon Hall Blagdon Hall () is a privately owned English country house near Cramlington in Northumberland. It is a Grade I listed building. The house and estate have been in the ownership of the White Ridley family since 1698. The present Viscount Ridley is ...
, Northumberland, new stables (1753–1756) *
Northumberland House Northumberland House (also known as Suffolk House when owned by the Earls of Suffolk) was a large Jacobean townhouse in London, so-called because it was, for most of its history, the London residence of the Percy family, who were the Ear ...
, London, picture gallery (c. 1753–1757) demolished * Raby Castle, County Durham, partial remodelling, interiors, estate cottages and model farm (c. 1753–1760) *
Gibside Gibside is an estate in the Derwent Valley in North East England. It is between Rowlands Gill, in Tyne and Wear, and Burnopfield, in County Durham, and a few miles from Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Gibside was previously owned by the Bowes-Lyon fam ...
, County Durham, interior decoration of house (lost, as house is now a ruin), column of British Liberty and free standing chapel (1753–1767) *
Alnwick Castle Alnwick Castle () is a castle and country house in Alnwick in the English county of Northumberland. It is the seat of the 12th Duke of Northumberland, built following the Norman conquest and renovated and remodelled a number of times. It is a G ...
, Northumberland, reconstruction of keep, interior decoration (c. 1754–1768) largely destroyed by
Anthony Salvin Anthony Salvin (17 October 1799 – 17 December 1881) was an English architect. He gained a reputation as an expert on medieval buildings and applied this expertise to his new buildings and his restorations. He restored castles and country h ...
's remodelling in the 19th century * Coxhoe Hall,
Coxhoe Coxhoe is a village in County Durham, England. It is situated about south of Durham City centre. The civil parish also includes nearby Quarrington Hill. The electoral ward of Coxhoe stretches beyond the boundaries of the parish and has a total p ...
, County Durham, external and internal alterations (c. 1754) demolished *19 St. James's Square, London, remodelling of house (c. 1754–1760) *
Hardwick Hall Hardwick Hall in Derbyshire is an architecturally significant country house from the Elizabethan era, a leading example of the Elizabethan prodigy house. Built between 1590 and 1597 for Bess of Hardwick, it was designed by the architect ...
, Sedgefield, County Durham, various garden buildings (c. 1754–1757) *
Dover House Dover House is a Grade I-listed mansion in Whitehall, and the London headquarters of the Office of the Secretary of State for Scotland. The building also houses the Office of the Advocate General for Scotland and the Independent Commission f ...
, Whitehall London (1754–1758) subsequently extended most notably by Henry Holland in 1787 *Serlby Hall, Nottinghamshire (1754–1773) * Belford Hall, Northumberland (c. 1755–1756) *
Wallington Hall Wallington is a country house and gardens located about west of Morpeth, Northumberland, England, near the village of Cambo. It has been owned by the National Trust since 1942, after it was donated complete with the estate and farms by Sir Ch ...
, Northumberland, bridge (1755) * Gosforth House, Gosforth, Northumberland (1755–1764) *
Middlesex Hospital Middlesex Hospital was a teaching hospital located in the Fitzrovia area of London, England. First opened as the Middlesex Infirmary in 1745 on Windmill Street, it was moved in 1757 to Mortimer Street where it remained until it was finally clos ...
, London (1755–1778) demolished * Chatsworth House, Derbyshire, new office wing and court (replaced by Sir Jeffry Wyatville), stable block, bridge in the park, bridge at Beeley, water mill and alterations to interiors of the house (1756–1767) *
Norfolk House Norfolk House, 31 St James's Square, Westminster, was built between 1748 and 1752 as his London townhouse by Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk (1686–1777) to the design of Matthew Brettingham (1699–1769), "the Elder", and was demolishe ...
, London, alterations and repairs (c. 1756–1769) *Stoke Hall, Derbyshire, attributed (c. 1757) *Glentworth Hall, Glentworth, Lincolnshire, remodelling and new stables (1757–1766) largely demolished * Ravensworth Castle, County Durham, external and internal alterations (c. 1758) demolished 1808 and replaced by John Nash this later house has also been largely demolished *Cavendish Bridge (Wilne Ferry Bridge),
Shardlow Shardlow is a village in Derbyshire, England about southeast of Derby and southwest of Nottingham. Part of the civil parish of Shardlow and Great Wilne, and the district of South Derbyshire, it is also very close to the border with Leice ...
, Derbyshire (1758–1761) *Stockeld Park, Spofforth, North Yorkshire (1758–63) *
Axwell House Axwell House (also Axwell Hall or Axwell Park) is a mansion house and Grade II* listed building, situated at Axwell Park, Blaydon, Tyne and Wear, England. The house and surrounding estate were developed in 1758 and owned by the Clavering barone ...
, County Durham (1758) * Bingley St Ives, Yorkshire (1759) *
Kedleston Hall Kedleston Hall is a neo-classical manor house, and seat of the Curzon family, located in Kedleston, Derbyshire, approximately 4 miles (6 km) north-west of Derby. The medieval village of Kedleston was moved in 1759 by Nathaniel Curzon to mak ...
, Derbyshire (1759–1763) replaced Matthew Brettingham only to be replaced for the interiors and south front by
Robert Adam Robert Adam (3 July 17283 March 1792) was a British neoclassical architect, interior designer and furniture designer. He was the son of William Adam (1689–1748), Scotland's foremost architect of the time, and trained under him. With his ...
* Bywell Hall, Northumberland (c. 1760) *
Brocket Hall Brocket Hall is a neo-classical country house set in a large park at the western side of the urban area of Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire, England. The estate is equipped with two golf courses and seven smaller listed buildings, apart fro ...
, Hertfordshire (c. 1760–1775) reconstruction of house, park lodges, bridge and probably the stables *
Bramham Park Bramham Park is a Grade I listed 18th-century country house in Bramham, between Leeds and Wetherby, in West Yorkshire, England. The house, constructed of magnesian limestone ashlar with stone slate roofs in a classical style, is built to a li ...
, Yorkshire, attributed, pavilions each end of the stables and garden temple (c. 1760) *47 Leicester Square, London gallery and painting room for Sir Joshua Reynolds, attributed (also attributed to
William Chambers (architect) __NOTOC__ Sir William Chambers (23 February 1723 – 10 March 1796) was a Swedish-Scottish architect, based in London. Among his best-known works are Somerset House, and the pagoda at Kew. Chambers was a founder member of the Royal Academy. Bio ...
) (1760–61) *
Devonshire House Devonshire House in Piccadilly, was the London townhouse of the Dukes of Devonshire during the 18th and 19th centuries. Following a fire in 1733 it was rebuilt by William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire, in the Palladian style, to designs ...
, London, internal decoration (1760) *
Worksop Manor Worksop Manor is a Grade I listed 18th-century country house in Bassetlaw, Nottinghamshire. It stands in one of the four contiguous estates in the Dukeries area of Nottinghamshire. Traditionally, the Lord of the Manor of Worksop may assist a ...
, Nottinghamshire (1761–1767) demolished *Forcet Park, Yorkshire, Banqueting House (c. 1762) demolished * Arundel Castle, Sussex, minor repairs (1762) *14
Downing Street Downing Street is a street in Westminster in London that houses the official residences and offices of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Situated off Whitehall, it is long, and a few minutes' walk f ...
, London, alterations (c. 1763–1766) demolished * Sandbeck Park, Yorkshire remodelling and extension of house, new kitchen and stable blocks and garden buildings (c. 1763–1768) *Gopsall Hall,
Gopsall Gopsall (or Gopsall Park) is a former civil parish, now in the parish of Twycross, in the Hinckley and Bosworth district, in the county of Leicestershire, England. It is located between the villages of Appleby Magna, Shackerstone, Twycross and ...
, Leicestershire, garden temple (c. 1764) *The Duke of Norfolk's Palace,
Norwich Norwich () is a cathedral city and district of Norfolk, England, of which it is the county town. Norwich is by the River Wensum, about north-east of London, north of Ipswich and east of Peterborough. As the seat of the See of Norwich, with ...
, Roman Catholic Chapel and priest's house (c. 1764) demolished *
Thorndon Hall Thorndon Hall is a Georgian Palladian country house within Thorndon Park, Ingrave, Essex, England, approximately two miles south of Brentwood and from central London. Formerly the country seat of the Petre family who now reside at nearby In ...
, Essex (1764–1770) *77–78 Strand, London (1765–73) demolished *
Weston Park Weston Park is a country house in Weston-under-Lizard, Staffordshire, England, set in more than of park landscaped by Capability Brown. The park is located north-west of Wolverhampton, and north-east of Telford, close to the border with Shrop ...
, Staffordshire, chimneypieces and attributed interior decoration (c. 1765–1766), bridge and temple of Diana (c. 1770) *Lumley House,
South Audley Street South Audley Street is a major shopping street in Mayfair, London.'South Audley Street: Introduction', in Survey of London: Volume 40, the Grosvenor Estate in Mayfair, Part 2 (The Buildings), ed. F H W Sheppard (London, 1980), pp. 290–291. Br ...
, London, alterations (1766) *17 St. James's Square, London, chimneypiece (1766) *Lord Petre's House,
Park Lane, London Park Lane is a dual carriageway road in the City of Westminster in Central London. It is part of the London Inner Ring Road and runs from Hyde Park Corner in the south to Marble Arch in the north. It separates Hyde Park to the west from Ma ...
(1766–70) demolished *Melton Constable Hall,
Melton Constable Melton Constable is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It covers an area of and had a population of 518 in 225 households at the 2001 census. The population had increased to 618 at the 2011 Census. For the purposes of ...
, Norfolk, attributed, chimneypieces (c. 1767) *North End House and adjoining house, Hampstead, Middlesex (1767) *
St Paul's Walden Bury St. Paul's Walden Bury is an English country house and surrounding gardens in the village of St Paul's Walden in Hertfordshire. The house is a Grade II* listed, and the gardens Grade I. A home of the Bowes-Lyon family, it is possibly the site of ...
, Hertfordshire, attributed, north range (1767) *Burton house, Lincolnshire, alterations, new front range, stables and service building (1767–1771) *Britwell house, Britwell Salome, Oxfordshire, attributed, chapel ceiling (c. 1768) * Hare Hall, Romford, Essex (1768–1770) *79
Pall Mall, London Pall Mall is a street in the St James's area of the City of Westminster, Central London. It connects St James's Street to Trafalgar Square and is a section of the regional A4 road. The street's name is derived from pall-mall, ...
(1769–71) demolished * Shrubland Park, Suffolk (c. 1769–1772) later remodelled by Sir
Charles Barry Sir Charles Barry (23 May 1795 – 12 May 1860) was a British architect, best known for his role in the rebuilding of the Palace of Westminster (also known as the Houses of Parliament) in London during the mid-19th century, but also respons ...
*28 Sackville Street, London, chimneypiece (c. 1770) *Moor Park, Surrey, attributed, remodelling (c. 1770–1775) *
Bagshot Park Bagshot Park is a royal residence located near Bagshot, a village south of Windsor. It is on Bagshot Heath, a tract of formerly open land in Surrey and Berkshire. Bagshot Park occupies within the designated area of Windsor Great Park. The ...
, Surrey, remodelled and interiors (1770–1772), rebuilt 1877 by Benjamin Ferrey *
Cowick Hall Cowick Hall is a 17th-century Georgian country house in the town of Snaith, located between the villages of East and West Cowick, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The house is Grade I listed and several outbuildings on the estate a ...
, significantly remodelled and added a gatehouse and stables (1752–1760) *
Chillington Hall Chillington Hall is a Georgian country house near Brewood, Staffordshire, England, four miles northwest of Wolverhampton. It is the residence of the Giffard family. The Grade I listed house was designed by Francis Smith in 1724 and John Soan ...
, Staffordshire, bridge (c. 1770) and Gothic & Grecian temples (1772–1773) *St. Anne's Soho Parish Workhouse, London (1770–1771) *
Wardour Castle Wardour Castle is a ruined 14th-century castle at Wardour, on the boundaries of the civil parishes of Tisbury and Donhead St Andrew in the English county of Wiltshire, about west of Salisbury. The castle was built in the 1390s, came into th ...
, Wiltshire (1770–1776) *59 Strand,
Coutts Bank Coutts & Co. is a London-headquartered private bank and wealth manager. Founded in 1692, it is the eighth oldest bank in the world. Today, Coutts forms part of NatWest Group's wealth management division. In the Channel Islands and the Isle of ...
, London, alterations (1770–1771) & (1781–83) demolished *Gaines Hall,
Upminster Upminster is a suburban town in East London, England, within the London Borough of Havering. Located east-northeast of Charing Cross, it is one of the district centres identified for development in the London Plan. Historically a rural vill ...
, Essex (1771–1776) *Academy & Exhibition Rooms for the Society of Artists, Strand London (1771–1772) demolished *
Sayes Court Sayes Court was a manor house and garden in Deptford, in the London Borough of Lewisham on the Thames Path and in the former parish of St Nicholas. Sayes Court once attracted throngs to visit its celebrated garden'' Diary and Correspondence of ...
, Surrey, alterations (c. 1773) * Melbourne House, London, Chimneypieces (1773) *37 King Street,
Covent Garden Covent Garden is a district in London, on the eastern fringes of the West End, between St Martin's Lane and Drury Lane. It is associated with the former fruit-and-vegetable market in the central square, now a popular shopping and tourist si ...
, London (1773–1774) *Hill House,
Hampton, Middlesex Hampton is a suburban area on the north bank of the River Thames, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, England, and historically in the County of Middlesex. which includes Hampton Court Palace. Hampton is served by two railway station ...
, alterations (1774–1775) *
Richmond Bridge, London Richmond Bridge is an 18th-century stone arch bridge that crosses the River Thames at Richmond, connecting the two halves of the present-day London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. It was designed by James Paine and Kenton Couse. The brid ...
(1774–1777) *105
Pall Mall, London Pall Mall is a street in the St James's area of the City of Westminster, Central London. It connects St James's Street to Trafalgar Square and is a section of the regional A4 road. The street's name is derived from pall-mall, ...
, alterations (1779–1781) demolished *
Chertsey Bridge Chertsey Bridge is a road bridge across the River Thames in England, connecting Chertsey to low-lying riverside meadows in Laleham, Surrey. It is downstream from the M3 motorway bridge over the Thames and is close to Chertsey Lock on the reach ...
, Surrey (c. 1780–1785) *
Kew Bridge Kew Bridge is a wide-span bridge over the Tideway (upper estuary of the Thames) linking the London Boroughs of Richmond upon Thames and Hounslow. The present bridge, which was opened in 1903 as King Edward VII Bridge by King Edward VII and Quee ...
, Surrey, replacement of original bridge, joint work with Paine's son (1783–1789) replaced by new bridge c. 1903 *
Walton Bridge Walton Bridge is a road bridge across the River Thames in England, carrying the A244 between Walton-on-Thames and Shepperton, crossing the Thames on the reach between Sunbury Lock and Shepperton Lock. The bridge is the first Thames road bri ...
, Surrey, second bridge (c. 1783) rebuilt * Middleton Lodge,
Middleton, West Yorkshire Middleton is a largely residential suburb of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England and historically a village in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It is situated on a hill south of Leeds city centre and north north-west of London. It sits in th ...


Gallery of architectural works

File:Stable block Chatsworth.jpg, Chatsworth, Derbyshire, stables File:DSC 4137 bridge.jpg, Bridge, Chatsworth File:Newwardourfront.jpg, New Wardour Castle, Wiltshire File:New Wardour Castle 01.JPG, New Wardour Castle, Wiltshire File:Thorndon Hall, Thorndon Park.JPG,
Thorndon Hall Thorndon Hall is a Georgian Palladian country house within Thorndon Park, Ingrave, Essex, England, approximately two miles south of Brentwood and from central London. Formerly the country seat of the Petre family who now reside at nearby In ...
, Essex File:Nostell Priory 2.jpg,
Nostell Priory Nostell Priory is a Palladian house in Nostell, West Yorkshire, England, near Crofton on the road to Doncaster from Wakefield. It dates from 1733, and was built for the Winn family on the site of a medieval priory. The Priory and its contents ...
, Yorkshire File:Kedleston Hall 20080730-02.jpg,
Kedleston Hall Kedleston Hall is a neo-classical manor house, and seat of the Curzon family, located in Kedleston, Derbyshire, approximately 4 miles (6 km) north-west of Derby. The medieval village of Kedleston was moved in 1759 by Nathaniel Curzon to mak ...
, Derbyshire, north front File:Gibside Chapel.jpg, Gibside Chapel, County Durham File:Gibside Column to Liberty pic 1.JPG,
Gibside Gibside is an estate in the Derwent Valley in North East England. It is between Rowlands Gill, in Tyne and Wear, and Burnopfield, in County Durham, and a few miles from Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Gibside was previously owned by the Bowes-Lyon fam ...
, Column of British Liberty File:Brocket Hall.jpg, Entrance front,
Brocket Hall Brocket Hall is a neo-classical country house set in a large park at the western side of the urban area of Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire, England. The estate is equipped with two golf courses and seven smaller listed buildings, apart fro ...
File:Cusworth Hall.jpg, Cusworth Hall, the wings are by Paine File:Chertsey Bridge.jpg,
Chertsey Bridge Chertsey Bridge is a road bridge across the River Thames in England, connecting Chertsey to low-lying riverside meadows in Laleham, Surrey. It is downstream from the M3 motorway bridge over the Thames and is close to Chertsey Lock on the reach ...
, Surrey File:Temple of Minerva - geograph.org.uk - 1070929.jpg, Temple of Minerva, Hardwick Sedgefield File:Stockeld Park.jpg,
Stockeld Park Stockeld Park is a Grade-I listed country house and estate situated between the towns of Wetherby and Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England, which is now the home of Peter (a great-grandchild of Robert John Foster) and Susie Grant. The estate spa ...
, Yorkshire File:Worksop Manor in the early 19th century.JPG,
Worksop Manor Worksop Manor is a Grade I listed 18th-century country house in Bassetlaw, Nottinghamshire. It stands in one of the four contiguous estates in the Dukeries area of Nottinghamshire. Traditionally, the Lord of the Manor of Worksop may assist a ...
, Nottinghamshire, demolished File:Chatsworth Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 112435.jpg, Bridge over the Derwent, in the Park, Chatsworth House, Derbyshire File:Belford Hall - geograph.org.uk - 1172079.jpg, Belford Hall, Northumberland File:Doncaster Mansion House.JPG, Mansion House, Doncaster, Yorkshire File:Richmond Bridge arches.JPG, Richmond Bridge, Richmond, London


References

Notes Bibliography * H.M. Colvin, ''A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600–1840'' (1997) {{DEFAULTSORT:Paine, James 1717 births 1789 deaths People from Andover, Hampshire 18th-century English architects High Sheriffs of Surrey Architects from Hampshire