Jakubinskij's law
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Jakubinskij's law, or Meyer–Jakubinskij's law, is a
sound law A sound change, in historical linguistics, is a change in the pronunciation of a language. A sound change can involve the replacement of one speech sound (or, more generally, one phonetic feature value) by a different one (called phonetic chang ...
that operated in the Croatian
Chakavian dialect Chakavian or Čakavian (, , , sh-Latn, čakavski proper name: or own name: ''čokovski, čakavski, čekavski'') is a South Slavic regiolect or language spoken primarily by Croats along the Adriatic coast, in the historical regions of Da ...
in the 12th–13th century, named after Lav Jakubinski who discovered it in 1925, and sometimes also after K. H. Meyer who expanded and refined the rule in 1926. Jakubinskij's law governs the distribution of the mixed Ikavian–Ekavian reflexes of Common Slavic
yat Yat or jat (Ѣ ѣ; italics: ) is the thirty-second letter of the old Cyrillic alphabet and the Rusyn alphabet. There is also another version of yat, the iotified yat (majuscule: , minuscule: ), which is a Cyrillic character combining a ...
phoneme, occurring the in
Middle Chakavian Central Chakavian (also translated as Middle Chakavian; hr, srednječakavski dijalekt) is a dialect of the Chakavian variety of Croatian. It is spoken on the islands Dugi, Kornati, Lošinj, Krk, Rab, Ugljan (except the southernmost Southern Cha ...
area. In the
Southern Chakavian Southern Chakavian ( sh, južnočakavski dijalekt) or Ikavian Chakavian is a dialect of the Chakavian variety of Croatian. It is spoken in the area south of the Central Chakavian area, in a narrow strip of Dalmatian littoral and the neighbouring i ...
Ikavian area, yat */ě/ was reflected as /i/, and became merged with the reflexes of
Common Slavic Proto-Slavic (abbreviated PSl., PS.; also called Common Slavic or Common Slavonic) is the unattested, reconstructed proto-language of all Slavic languages. It represents Slavic speech approximately from the 2nd millennium B.C. through the 6th ...
*/y/ and */i/. In the northwest, however, according to the Meyer–Jakubinskij's law, */ě/ > /e/ before dental consonants which were followed by one of the back vowels , and elsewhere */ě/ > /i/. This /e/ has thus merged the reflexes of Common Slavic */e/ and */ę/. Compare ''tȇlo'' 'body' as opposed to ''bīžéć'' 'fleeing'. The effect of Jakubinskij's rule has been levelled out in paradigmatic alternations and derivational morphology, by the
analogical Analogy (from Greek ''analogia'', "proportion", from ''ana-'' "upon, according to" lso "against", "anew"+ ''logos'' "ratio" lso "word, speech, reckoning" is a cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject ( ...
influence of nominative form onto the oblique cases, infinitive on other verbal forms, word stem onto derivations etc. Thus no or extremely little alternation occurs throughout the inflectional paradigm. For example, Common Slavic *město 'place, position' would yield N sg ''mesto'', but L pl is ''mestih'', not **mistih. L sg of ''mera'' (< Comm Slavic *měra 'measure') is ''meri'' not **miri etc. Though initially applied only to Chakavian Ikavian–Ekavian accents, this rule is also valid for some
Kajkavian Kajkavian (Kajkavian noun: ''kajkavščina''; Shtokavian adjective: ''kajkavski'' , noun: ''kajkavica'' or ''kajkavština'' ) is a South Slavic regiolect or language spoken primarily by Croats in much of Central Croatia, Gorski Kotar and no ...
Ikavian–Ekavian accents of
Duga Resa Duga Resa is a town in Karlovac County, Croatia. It is located about 65 km southwest of Zagreb and 100 km east of Rijeka. Name The earliest reference to Duga Resa is from the year 1380. There are several theories on how the then-villa ...
,
Ogulin Ogulin () is a town in north-western Croatia, in Karlovac County. It has a population of 7,389 (2021) (it was 8,216 in 2011), and a total municipal population of 12,251 (2021). Ogulin is known for its historic stone castle, known as Kula, and the ...
, Karlovac and Žumberak.


Notes


References

* * Lav Jakubinskij (1925). ''Die Vertretung des urslav. ě im Čakavischen''. Zeitschrift für slavische Philologie 1, pp. 381–396 * K.H. Meyer (1926). ''Beiträge zum Čakavischen''. Archiv für slavische Philologie 40, pp. 222–265 Croatian language Sound laws {{historical-linguistics-stub