Jacques Rossi (10 October 1909,

Wrocław Wrocław (; german: Breslau, or . ; Silesian German: ''Brassel'') is a city in southwestern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, rou ...

– 30 June 2004, Paris) was a Polish-French writer and

polyglot Multilingualism is the use of more than one language, either by an individual speaker or by a group of speakers. It is believed that multilingual speakers outnumber monolingual speakers in the world's population. More than half of all Eu ...

. Rossi was best known for his books on the

Gulag The Gulag, an acronym for , , "chief administration of the camps". The original name given to the system of camps controlled by the GPU was the Main Administration of Corrective Labor Camps (, )., name=, group= was the government agency in ...

Early life

He was born as Franz Xaver Heyman and was the son of architect Martin (Marcin) Heyman and Léontine Charlotte Goyet who was for a time governess in

Kalisz (The oldest city of Poland) , image_skyline = , image_caption = ''Top:'' Town Hall, Former "Calisia" Piano Factory''Middle:'' Courthouse, "Gołębnik" tenement''Bottom:'' Aerial view of the Kalisz Old Town , image_flag = POL Kalisz flag.svg ...

. In 1962, in Poland, he changed his name from Franciszek Ksawiery Heyman to Jacek Franciszek Rossi, perhaps in recognition of his real father's name.

Political associations

He was a member of the

Communist Party of Poland The interwar Communist Party of Poland ( pl, Komunistyczna Partia Polski, KPP) was a communist party active in Poland during the Second Polish Republic. It resulted from a December 1918 merger of the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland a ...

as well as of the comintern. He participated in the Spanish Civil War. At one time, he worked for Leon Trotsky and interpreted for Stalin. In 1937, he was called to Moscow and, most likely due to his prior connection with Trotsky, was imprisoned in Soviet camps until after Stalin's death in 1953. In 1961 he returned to Warsaw with the help of his brother Piotr Heyman.

Career

, he was a lecturer in the

University of Warsaw The University of Warsaw ( pl, Uniwersytet Warszawski, la, Universitas Varsoviensis) is a public university in Warsaw, Poland. Established in 1816, it is the largest institution of higher learning in the country offering 37 different fields o ...

''School of Foreign Languages'' under the name Jacek Rossi. He lived in Warsaw till about 1980. In 1985 he traveled to France and was naturalized as a French citizen. In the late 1980s, he spent time as a visiting scholar at Georgetown University in Washington D.C. where he wrote his memoires and an "encyclopedia on the Gulag" as he referred to it in conversation.

Publications

As Jacques Rossi he wrote about his experiences of the

- ''The Gulag Handbook'', which was originally written in Russian and was translated into French (1997), English (1987), Japanese (1996), Czech (1999), Italian (2006). At the end of his life he recorded a series of interviews which were subsequently published as ''Jacques, le Français : pour mémoire du Goulag''.

Bibliography

* Rossi, Jacques (Rossi, Jacek), Tableaux chronologiques et bref lexiqe d'historie de France. P. 2, Bref lexique et tableaux chronologiques d'historie de France / Jacek Rossi ; 1973, Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filologii Obcych, . *Rossi Jacek, La France et les activités des ses habitants vues par les auteurs français. Warszawa 1968 s. 231. Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wyższe Studium Językowe. *Jacques Rossi, ''The Gulag handbook: an encyclopedia dictionary of Soviet penitentiary institutions and terms related to the forced labor camps'', New York, Paragon House, 1989, *Jacques Rossi and Sophie Benech, Qu'elle était belle cette utopie: chroniques du Goulag, illustrées par l'auteur, Paris: Cherche Midi, 2000, 234 strony, , *Jacques Rossi and Michèle Sarde, ''Jacques, le Français : pour mémoire du Goulag'', Paris, Cherche midi, 2002. , *Jacek Rossi, ''Les Controverses continuent autour de la Revolution francaise'', Mówią Wieki, Warszawa, marzec 1972, str. 19-24. *Jacek Rossi, ''Controverses autour de la Commune de Paris, Mówią Wieki, grudzień 1974, Warszawa, str. 6-11.

Notes

Biographies

*Pike, D. W. ''David Rousset and Jacques Rossi Two important onlookers on the European stage of 1936-1937'', Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains, (190): 143-146, czerwiec 1998. *Kauffer R., Rossi J., ''Twenty-five years in the gulag: Interview with Jacques Rossi'', Historia (614): 84-84, luty 1998. *Chauvin, J. R. i Rossi, J., ''Interview with Rossi, Jacques on his 24 years in the Gulag'', Qunizane Litteraire, (611): 23-25, listopad 1 1992.

External links

BBC Interview ''Outlook'', 31 October 2000

audio version

"Association des Amis de Jacques Rossi"
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rossi, Jacques 1909 births 2004 deaths Foreign Gulag detainees Writers from Wrocław People from the Province of Silesia Polish expatriates in the Soviet Union Polish emigrants to France French male writers 20th-century French male writers Norillag detainees