was a after ''
Tenna'' and before ''
Genroku
was a after Jōkyō and before Hōei. The Genroku period spanned the years from the ninth month of 1688 to the third month of 1704. The reigning emperor was .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 415.
The period w ...
.'' This period spanned the years from February 1684 through September 1688. The reigning emperors were and .
[Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du japon'']
p. 415.
/ref>
Change of era
* 1684 : The new era of ''Jōkyō'' (meaning "Taking Righteousness") was created to mark the start of a new cycle of the Chinese zodiac
The Chinese zodiac is a traditional classification scheme based on the lunar calendar that assigns an animal and its reputed attributes to each year in a repeating twelve-year cycle. Originating from China, the zodiac and its variations remain ...
. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Tenna'' 4, on the 21st day of the 2nd month.
Subsequently, the power to create a calendar shifted to the shogunate and the authority of the Imperial calendar was diminished after 1684. In that year, the astrology bureau of the Tokugawa bakufu
, officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakura ...
created a "Japanese" calendar which was independent of Chinese almanacs.
Events of the ''Jōkyō'' era
* 1684 (''Jōkyō 1''): A fire burned the Kyoto Imperial Palace
The is the former palace of the Emperor of Japan. Since the Meiji Restoration in 1869, the Emperors have resided at the Tokyo Imperial Palace, while the preservation of the Kyoto Imperial Palace was ordered in 1877. Today, the grounds are open t ...
to ashes. The reconstruction took a year.[Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). ''Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794–1869'', p. 342.]
* 1684 (''Jōkyō 1''): Having met with success in Osaka
is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of ...
's kabuki
is a classical form of Japanese dance- drama. Kabuki theatre is known for its heavily-stylised performances, the often-glamorous costumes worn by performers, and for the elaborate make-up worn by some of its performers.
Kabuki is thought ...
theater, Chikamatsu Monzaemon
was a Japanese dramatist of jōruri, the form of puppet theater that later came to be known as bunraku, and the live-actor drama, kabuki. The ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' has written that he is "widely regarded as the greatest Japanese dramatis ...
began to write plays for the kabuki audience in Heian-kyō
Heian-kyō was one of several former names for the city now known as Kyoto. It was the official capital of Japan for over one thousand years, from 794 to 1868 with an interruption in 1180.
Emperor Kanmu established it as the capital in 794, mov ...
. In part, his success stemmed from the way his work would sometimes mirror current happenings and contemporary urban characters.
* March 26, 1685 (''Jōkyō 2, 22nd day of the 2nd month''): The former Emperor Go-Sai
, also known as , was the 111th emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'') 後西天皇 (111)/ref> according to the traditional order of succession.Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan'', pp. 116.
Go-Sai ...
died. A large comet appeared in the night sky.Emperor Reigen
was the 112th emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'') 霊元天皇 (112)/ref> according to the traditional order of succession.Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan'', pp. 117. Reigen's reign spanned t ...
abdicated in favor of his son, who become Emperor Higashiyama
was the 113th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'') 東山天皇 (113)/ref> Higashiyama's reign spanned the years from 1687 through to his abdication in 1709 corresponding to ...
.[Bock, Felicia G. (1990). "The Great Feast of the Enthronement", ''Monumenta Nipponica'', Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 27–38.]
Notes
See also
* Edo period
The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was character ...
* Jōkyō calendar
The was a Japanese lunisolar calendar, in use from 1684 to 1753.Nussbaum"''Jōkyō-reki''"at p. 431"''Teikyō-reki''"at p. 431 It was officially adopted in 1685.Orchiston, Wayne ''et al.'' (2011)''Highlighting the History of Astronomy in the As ...
References
* Bock, Felicia G. (1990). "The Great Feast of the Enthronement", ''Monumenta Nipponica'', Vol. 45, No. 1.
* Calvert, Robert. (2003). ''Les Japonais: Histoire d'un peuple''. Paris: Armand Colin.
OCLC 319808494
* Nicolas Fiévé, Nicolas and Paul Waley. (2003). ''Japanese Capitals in Historical Perspective: Place, Power and Memory in Kyoto, Edo and Tokyo''. London: Routledge
Routledge () is a British multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioural science, education, law ...
.
OCLC 679941527
* Murdoch
Murdoch ( , ) is an Irish/Scottish given name, as well as a surname. The name is derived from old Gaelic words ''mur'', meaning "sea" and ''murchadh'', meaning "sea warrior". The following is a list of notable people or entities with the name.
...
, James. (1903)
''A History of Japan''.
Yokohama: Kelly & Walsh.
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia''. Cambridge: Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. It is a member of the Association of American University Presses. After the retir ...
.
OCLC 48943301
* Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1956). ''Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794–1869''. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.
* Screech, Timon. (2006)
''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822''.
London: RoutledgeCurzon
Routledge () is a British multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioural science, education, law, ...
.
OCLC 65177072
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Nihon Ōdai Ichiran
, ', is a 17th-century chronicle of the serial reigns of Japanese emperors with brief notes about some of the noteworthy events or other happenings.
According to the 1871 edition of the '' American Cyclopaedia'', the 1834 French translation of ...
''; ou, ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 5850691
External links
* National Diet Library
The is the national library of Japan and among the largest libraries in the world. It was established in 1948 for the purpose of assisting members of the in researching matters of public policy. The library is similar in purpose and scope to ...
, "The Japanese Calendar
-- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jokyo
Japanese eras
1680s in Japan