Józef Biniszkiewicz (; March 9, 1875https://www.google.com/search?q=J%C3%B3zef+Biniszkiewicz+9+marca+1875&client=ms-android-samsung&prmd=imnv&sxsrf=AJOqlzXpeJTPMsZvRewH14sBQJ-6WthoLw:1676631749300&source=lnms&tbm=bks&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwie6tf-s5z9AhWT7qQKHVY6DZgQ_AUoBHoECAIQBA&biw=412&bih=652&dpr=2.63

Czempiń Czempiń is a town in Kościan County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 4,921. History As part of the region of Greater Poland, i.e. the cradle of the Polish state, the area formed part of P ...

– July 9, 1940,

Buchenwald Buchenwald (; literally 'beech forest') was a Nazi concentration camp established on hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937. It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within Germany's 1937 borders. Many actual or sus ...

) was a

Silesia Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split ...

socialist Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the ...

politician. In 1891 he moved to

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

, where he joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). On July 3, 1895, he shifted his party membership to the Polish Socialist Party in Prussia (PPS zp) and would become the chairman of the PPS zp branch in Berlin, the 'Polish Socialist Society' (''Towarzystwa Socjalistów Polskich''). He was the editor of ''Gazeta Robotnicza'' ('Workers' Gazette') between May and October 1896. Towards the end of the 1890s he opened a workshop in Berlin.Blachetta-Madajczyk, Petra.
Klassenkampf oder Nation?: deutsche Sozialdemokratie in Polen 1918-1939. Schriften des Bundesarchivs, 49
'.

Düsseldorf Düsseldorf ( , , ; often in English sources; Low Franconian and Ripuarian language, Ripuarian: ''Düsseldörp'' ; archaic nl, Dusseldorp ) is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany. It is the second- ...

: Droste, 1997. pp. 35-36 In 1906 he moved to

Kattowitz Katowice ( , , ; szl, Katowicy; german: Kattowitz, yi, קאַטעוויץ, Kattevitz) is the capital city of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland and the central city of the Upper Silesian metropolitan area. It is the 11th most populo ...

, where he revived ''Gazeta Robotnicza''. In

Upper Silesia Upper Silesia ( pl, Górny Śląsk; szl, Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; cs, Horní Slezsko; german: Oberschlesien; Silesian German: ; la, Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, locate ...

, he differed with the German socialists on the issue of the Polish national question. In 1905 he had opposed the PPS zp becoming a part of SPD. In 1922 he became a member of the Silesian Sejm on behalf of the

Polish Socialist Party The Polish Socialist Party ( pl, Polska Partia Socjalistyczna, PPS) is a socialist political party in Poland. It was one of the most important parties in Poland from its inception in 1892 until its merger with the communist Polish Workers' ...

(PPS), and until January 17, 1928 he was the leader of PPS regional organization in Upper Silesia. In April 1928 he was expelled from the PPS for not supporting the opposition of PPS against the

Józef Piłsudski Józef Klemens Piłsudski (; 5 December 1867 – 12 May 1935) was a Polish statesman who served as the Naczelnik państwa, Chief of State (1918–1922) and Marshal of Poland, First Marshal of Second Polish Republic, Poland (from 1920). He was ...

government. After being expelled he formed a new party, the

Silesian Socialist Party The Silesian Socialist Party ( pl, Śląska Partia Socjalistyczna, ŚPS) was a political party in Silesia, Poland. The party was founded on May 1, 1928, by Józef Biniszkiewicz. When the new party was founded, it took over the regional PPS organ ''R ...

. His group was able to take over the regional PPS organ, ''Robotnik Śląski'' ('Silesian Worker'). The Silesian Socialist Party, which was seen as pro-''

Sanacja Sanation ( pl, Sanacja, ) was a Polish political movement that was created in the interwar period, prior to Józef Piłsudski's May 1926 ''Coup d'État'', and came to power in the wake of that coup. In 1928 its political activists would go on ...

'', did however fail to make any major political impact. In his later years, Biniszkiewicz settled in Tarnowitz and became a liquor merchant. He was captured by German forces during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

, and died in the Buchenwald concentration camp.

References

Bibliography

* Kaczmarek, Ryszard.
Józef Biniszkiewicz: 1875-1940 : biografia polityczna
'. Prace naukowe Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach, nr 1417. Katowice: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 1994. * Zieliński, Władysław. ''Józef Biniszkiewicz 1875 - 1940 ; działacz polityczny, przywódca ruchu socjalistycznego na Górnym Śląsku''. Katowice: Katowickie Towarzystwo Społeczno-Kulturalne, 1987. {{DEFAULTSORT:Biniszkiewicz, Jozef 1875 births 1940 deaths Politicians of the Silesian Voivodeship (1920–1939) Polish politicians Polish socialists Politicians who died in Nazi concentration camps Polish people who died in Buchenwald concentration camp People from Kościan County Polish civilians killed in World War II