Ivan Mykhailovych Dziuba ( uk, Іва́н Миха́йлович Дзю́ба; 26 July 1931 – 22 February 2022) was a Ukrainian literary critic, social activist,

dissident A dissident is a person who actively challenges an established political or religious system, doctrine, belief, policy, or institution. In a religious context, the word has been used since the 18th century, and in the political sense since the 20th ...

Hero of Ukraine Hero of Ukraine (HOU; uk, Герой України, ''Heroi Ukrainy'') is the highest national title that can be conferred upon an individual citizen by the President of Ukraine. The title was created in 1998 by President Leonid Kuchma and as ...

, academic of

National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; uk, Національна академія наук України, ''Natsional’na akademiya nauk Ukrayiny'', abbr: NAN Ukraine) is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine th ...

, the second

Minister of Culture A culture minister or a heritage minister is a common cabinet position in governments. The culture minister is typically responsible for cultural policy, which often includes arts policy (direct and indirect support to artists and arts organizati ...

of Ukraine (1992—1994), and head of the Committee for

Shevchenko National Prize Shevchenko National Prize ( uk, Націона́льна пре́мія Украї́ни і́мені Тараса́ Шевче́нка; also ''Shevchenko Award'') is the highest state prize of Ukraine for works of culture and arts awarded since ...

(1999–2001). He was the Co-Chief of Editorial Board of the ''

Encyclopaedia of Modern Ukraine Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine ( uk, Енциклопедія Сучасної України (ЕСУ), translit=Entsyklopediia Suchasnoi Ukrainy (ESU)), abbreviated EMU, is a multi-volume national encyclopedia of Ukraine. It is an academic proj ...

''. He was the editor in chief of the magazine ''The Contemporary'' (Сучасність) and during the 1990s, a member of the editorial boards of scientific magazines "Київська старовина", "Слово і час", "Євроатлантика" and others.

Biography

Born into a

peasant A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or a farmer with limited land-ownership, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord. In Europe, three classes of peasants ...

family, until 17 years of age Dziuba spoke only in

Russian language Russian (russian: русский язык, russkij jazyk, link=no, ) is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language mainly spoken in Russia. It is the First language, native language of the Russians, and belongs to the Indo-European langua ...

. In 1932, his family, fleeing from the

famine A famine is a widespread scarcity of food, caused by several factors including war, natural disasters, crop failure, Demographic trap, population imbalance, widespread poverty, an Financial crisis, economic catastrophe or government policies. Th ...

, moved from their home village to the nearby workers' village Novotroyits'ke for a short time. Later, they moved to Olenevski Quarry (now

Dokuchaievsk Dokuchaievsk or Dokuchaevsk (, ; Russian language, Russian: Докучаевск) is a City of regional significance (Ukraine), city of regional significance in the ''de facto'' Donetsk People's Republic; ''de jure'' Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. The c ...

), where Dziuba finished secondary school № 1. He graduated from Donetsk Pedagogical Institute, and pursued postgraduate studies in the Shevchenko Institute of Literature. His work was first published in 1959. In the 1970s, he was subjected to political persecutions for the views he expressed in some publications. In the end of 1965 Dziuba wrote his work ''

Internationalism or Russification? ''Internationalism or Russification?'' ( uk, Інтернаціоналізм чи русифікація?) is a book by Ukrainian writer and social activist Ivan Dziuba, written in September–December 1965. Background The immediate impetus f ...

'' (London, 1968, and "Motherland" magazine ( ukr. "Вітчизна"), 1990, No. 5-7), dealing with the problems threatening national relations in socialist society, which he sent to the Communist authorities. A special commission of the Central Committee of the

Communist Party of Ukraine The Communist Party of Ukraine, Abbreviation: KPU, from Ukrainian and Russian "" is a banned political party in Ukraine. It was founded in 1993 as the successor to the Soviet-era Communist Party of Ukraine which was banned in 1991 (accord ...

inspected the text and decided that it was "lampoons on the Soviet reality, the national policy of the

CPSU "Hymn of the Bolshevik Party" , headquarters = 4 Staraya Square, Moscow , general_secretary = Vladimir Lenin (first)Mikhail Gorbachev (last) , founded = , banned = , founder = Vladimir Lenin , newspaper ...

and the practice of communist construction in the USSR." Authorities accused Dziuba of undermining Soviet friendship of peoples, and fueling hatred between the Ukrainian and Russian peoples. In 1972 he was sentenced to 5 years in prison and 5 years in exile. Later he asked for pardon and after 18 months in prison Dziuba was pardoned and hired to work at the newspaper of

Antonov Serial Production Plant The Antonov Serial Production Plant ( uk, italic=yes, Серійний завод «Антонов»), formerly AVIANT ( uk, АВІАНТ), is an aircraft manufacturing company in Kyiv, Ukraine, the serial manufacturing division of the Antonov. � ...

. After the change of political situation in the Soviet Union and transition to the independent Ukraine Dziuba became popular. He became co-founder of the

People's Movement of Ukraine The People's Movement of Ukraine ( uk, Народний Рух України, Narodnyi Rukh Ukrayiny) is a Ukrainian political party and first opposition party in Soviet Ukraine. Often it is simply referred to as the Movement ( uk, Рух, R ...

. From 1991 Dziuba was the head publisher of the Suchasnist Magazine. Laureate of the Shevchenko Prize, O. Biletsky Prize, Antonovich Fund International Prize, Volodymyr Vernadsky Prize. Dziuba died in

Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...

on 22 February 2022, at the age of 90. In December 2022 a street in Kyiv was named after him.

References

Bibliography

Дисидентський рух в Україні

''Мирослав Попович''. Перевідкривач: до 70-річчя Івана Дзюби // Дзеркало тижня
*
Досвітній вогонь. У 1965 році з’явився всесвітньо відомий памфлет Івана Дзюби «Інтернаціоналізм чи русифікація?»
//
''Сюндюков Ігор''. Тривожний ювілей. В українському домі відзначали 40-у річницю з часу оприлюднення знаменитої праці Івана Дзюби «Інтернаціоналізм чи русифікація?»
// День
Довідник «Хто є хто в Україні». - К.: К.І.С.

Письменницький довідник
// Національна спілка письменників України {{DEFAULTSORT:Dziuba, Ivan 1931 births 2022 deaths People from Mykolaivka, Donetsk Oblast Ukrainian anti-Soviet resistance movement Ukrainian politicians before 1991 Ukrainian dissidents Ukrainian academicians Ukrainian editors Ukrainian writers Ukrainian philosophers Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Recipients of the title of Hero of Ukraine Recipients of the Shevchenko National Prize Culture ministers of Ukraine Soviet dissidents Donetsk National University alumni Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 5th class People from Donetsk Oblast Holodomor Laureates of the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology

Biography

See also

References

Further reading

Bibliography