An Italian Peruvian is a

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = National seal , national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...

vian citizen of Italian descent. The term may also refer to someone who has immigrated to Peru from

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

. Among

European Peruvians Immigration to Peru involves the movement of immigrants to Peru from another country. Peru is a multiethnic nation formed by the combination of different groups over five centuries. Amerindians inhabited Peruvian territory for several millennia be ...

, Italians were the second largest group of immigrants to settle in the country.

History

Spanish colonial era

Between 1532 and 1560, 50 Italians established in

Lima Lima ( ; ), originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes (City of The Kings) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of ...

(Viceroyalty of Peru) and Callao, mostly from

Liguria it, Ligure , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographics1_title2 ...

and

Tuscany it, Toscano (man) it, Toscana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = Citizenship , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = Italian , demogra ...

, such as Martin from

Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany Regions of Italy, region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilan ...

, Pietro Catagno, Pietro Martín from

Sicily (man) it, Siciliana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = Ethnicity , demographics1_footnotes = , demographi ...

(all of them involved in Atahualpa's capture),

Juan Bautista Pastene 200px, Map showing the September 1544 expedition led by Pastene. Giovanni Battista Pastene (1507–1580) was a Genoese maritime explorer who, while in the service of the Spanish crown, explored the coasts of Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru ...

, born in

Genoa Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, Zêna ). is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian census, the Province of ...

in 1505 and also present since the beginning of the

Spanish Conquest of the Inca Empire The Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, also known as the Conquest of Peru, was one of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. After years of preliminary exploration and military skirmishes, 168 Spanish sol ...

. Radicati di Primeglio has done extensive research about Italians in Lima and he found the well-documented existence of 343 Italians in Lima between 1532 and 1650 (this number can vary because many Italians were not registered). From these 343 Italians: 124 were from

, 28 from

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The isla ...

, 28 from Corsica, 15 from

Naples Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...

, 11 from

Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...

, 10 from

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

, 5 from

Sicily (man) it, Siciliana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = Ethnicity , demographics1_footnotes = , demographi ...

and the rest from other Italian states. Italians from

used to work in the transport of passengers and merchandises between Callao and other Viceroyalty harbors to Panama. We can mention to Captains Giustiniani y Vicenzo Pascuale, who founded many navigation and trade enterprises between Callao and Valparaiso; Giovanni di Malta, Nicolo da Bonifilio, Alvaro Pastrello, Giovanni Gaetano; Enrique Porri from

, Lucas de Astra from

; Nicoroso y Marcos Corso, captain Alessandro Malaspina. Research done by historian Alberto Boscolo in his work Presencia italiana en Andalucía: Siglos XIV-XVII,Boscolo, Alberto. "Presencia italiana en Andalucía: Siglos XIV-XVII" Sevilla : Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 1989. revealed that during the time of Pizarro these Italians were present in Peru: *Jeronimo Bacarel (Sicily)merchant cattleman, *Francisco de Bolonia (Bologna, *Nicolao del Benino (Florence) merchant, *Francisco Rosso (Naples) conquistador, *Sebastino Castro (Sicily), *Pedro Catano (Italy) merchant), *Juan antonio Corso (Corsica) merchant, *Bartolome Ferrer (Genoa) mariner merchant, *Martin de Florencia (Italy) conquistador, *Antonio Genoves (Genoa, *Catalina la Genovesa (Valdepenaa), *Esteban Genoves (Genoa) conquistador, *Jacomo Genoves (Genoa), *Rostran Genoves (Genoa) carpenter, *Simon Genoves (Genoa) conquistador, *Isabella Gentil (Seville), *Cesare Maneo (Naples), *Pedro Milanes (Milan) conquistador, *Marco Negro (Venice), *Francisco Neri (Florence) merchant, *Juan de Niza (Nizza aka Nice) conquistador, *Jacome Pablo (Venice), *Pedro Pinelo (Italy) merchant, *Diego de Pisa (Pisa) conquistador, *Antonio del Solar (Median del Campo), *Alonso Toscano (Tuscany) merchant, *Juan Toscano (Tuscany) religious, *Pedro Toscano (Tuscany) merchant, *Fray Francisco Martinez (Tuscany) religious, Italians who participated in the Rebellion of

Gonzalo Pizarro Gonzalo Pizarro y Alonso (; 1510 – April 10, 1548) was a Spanish conquistador and younger paternal half-brother of Francisco Pizarro, the conqueror of the Inca Empire. Bastard son of Captain Gonzalo Pizarro y Rodríguez de Aguilar (senior) ( ...

were: *Juan Bautista (Genoa) mariner, *Francisco Bonifacio (Savoy), *Baptista Calvo (Genoa), Other Italians *Urbano Centurione (Genoa) merchant, *Estebano Cintana (Italy) mariner, *Antonio de Ecogua (Genoa) mariner, *Lorenzo Fabiano (Italy), Tomas Farco (Italy), Nicolas Feo (Savoy), Bernardo Genoves (Genoa), Leon Pancaldo (Savoy) mariner, Bartolome Rabano (Italy) boatswain, Francisco Ragano (Italy), Tommaso Risso (Florence) nobleman, Juan Bautista Troche (Ventimiglia) Juan Pedro de Vivaldo (Genoa) sailing master. There were also mariners from

and from the Aegean Islands, like Pedro from

Heraklion Heraklion or Iraklion ( ; el, Ηράκλειο, , ) is the largest city and the administrative capital of the island of Crete and capital of Heraklion regional unit. It is the fourth largest city in Greece with a population of 211,370 (Urban Ar ...

and Francisco from

Cyprus Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is ge ...

(these places were under the Venetian dominion from 1204 to 1669); Anello Oliva, Ludovico Bertonio, Francesco Carletti, and the Prince of Santo Buono and Viceroy of Peru; Carmine Nicolao Caracciolo, born in

and Dr. Federico Bottoni who published a treaty about sanguineous circulation, in 1723. During the last decades of Spanish dominion in Perú, the number of Italians in Peru grew faster than in previous centuries (most of them came from

). The richest ones were related to the marine commerce while the rest of Italians worked at small family-run business (such as grocery stores) or in larger enterprises along with their fellow Italians, as they were relatively skilled. The pioneers of the Italian immigration to Peru were Antonio Dagnino, who established in Callao in 1802 and Felix Valega, who arrived, in 1806. The same ship brought to the musician Andrea Bolognesi, father of the Peruvian National Hero "

Francisco Bolognesi Francisco Bolognesi Cervantes (November 4, 1816 – June 7, 1880) was a Peruvian military general. He is considered a national hero in Peru and was declared patron of the Army of Peru by the government of Peru on January 2 of 1951. Early life a ...

After independence

The first wave of Italian immigration to an independent Peru occurred during the period 1840–1866 (the "Guano" Era): not less than 15,000 Italians arrived to Peru during this period (without counting the non-registered Italians) and established mainly in the coastal cities, especially, in

and Callao. They came, mostly, from the northern states (

Piedmont it, Piemontese , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographics1_title2 ...

and Lombardy). Giuseppe Garibaldi arrived to Peru in 1851, as well as other Italians who participated in the Milan rebellion like Giuseppe Eboli, Steban Siccoli,

Antonio Raimondi Antonio Raimondi (September 19, 1826 – October 26, 1890) was a prominent Italian-born Peruvian geographer and scientist. Born in Milan, Raimondi emigrated to Peru, arriving on July 28, 1850, at the port of Callao. In 1851 he became a profe ...

, Arrigoni, etc. In 1872, the ''Sociedad de Inmigración Europea'' ("European Immigration Society") was founded in Peru. Its objective was promoting Old World

immigration Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent residents or naturalized citizens. Commuters, tourists, a ...

by covering the costs of their journeys and financially supporting them during their first settler years in Peru. Furthermore, many Italians came in search for a better future, upon the arrival they established themselves in small business. During the Second World War waves of Italian families started to immigrate to Peru; these families mainly settled in Lima. (Godbersen, 2006)

Italian Peruvian institutions and associations

* Asociación de descendientes de Italianos en el Perú * Instituto Cultural Italo-Peruano * Società Italiana d'IStruzione "Scuola Santa Margherita". * Associazione Lombardi del Peru * Associazione Liguri del Peru * Associazione Siciliani del Peru * Circolo Sportivo Italiano. Societta Canottieri "ITALIA" * Circolo Tentrino di Lima * Associazione Nazionale Alpini * Associazione Piemontesi del Perú * Associazione Toscana del Perú * Associazione Sarda del Perú * Associazione Veneti nel Mondo * Camera di Comercio Italiana * Societá Italiana di Benefincenza e Assitenza (SIBA) * Asociación Italiana Peruana Monopoli-Bari "Regione Puglia".

Education

Colegio Italiano Antonio Raimondi is an Italian school in Lima.

References

External links

Italy-Peru news
at ItaliaPeru.com {{Immigrant groups in Peru Ethnic groups in Peru European Peruvian