Naturally occurring

rhodium Rhodium is a chemical element with the symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is a very rare, silvery-white, hard, corrosion-resistant transition metal. It is a noble metal and a member of the platinum group. It has only one naturally occurring isoto ...

(₄₅Rh) is composed of only one stable

isotope Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number (number of protons in their nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemical element), and that differ in nucleon numbers (mass numbers) ...

, ¹⁰³Rh. The most stable

radioisotope A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is a nuclide that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. This excess energy can be used in one of three ways: emitted from the nucleus as gamma radiation; transferr ...

s are ¹⁰¹Rh with a

half-life Half-life (symbol ) is the time required for a quantity (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial value. The term is commonly used in nuclear physics to describe how quickly unstable atoms undergo radioactive decay or how long stable ato ...

of 3.3 years, ¹⁰²Rh with a

of 207 days, and ⁹⁹Rh with a half-life of 16.1 days. Thirty other radioisotopes have been characterized with

atomic weight Relative atomic mass (symbol: ''A''; sometimes abbreviated RAM or r.a.m.), also known by the deprecated synonym atomic weight, is a dimensionless physical quantity defined as the ratio of the average mass of atoms of a chemical element in a giv ...

s ranging from 88.949 u (⁸⁹Rh) to 121.943 u (¹²²Rh). Most of these have half-lives that are less than an hour except ¹⁰⁰Rh (half-life: 20.8 hours) and ¹⁰⁵Rh (half-life: 35.36 hours). There are also numerous

meta state A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus, in which one or more nucleons (protons or neutrons) occupy higher energy levels than in the ground state of the same nucleus. "Metastable" describes nuclei whose excited states have ha ...

s with the most stable being ^102mRh (0.141 MeV) with a half-life of about 3.7 years and ^101mRh (0.157 MeV) with a half-life of 4.34 days. The primary

decay mode Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is consid ...

before the only stable isotope, ¹⁰³Rh, is

electron capture Electron capture (K-electron capture, also K-capture, or L-electron capture, L-capture) is a process in which the proton-rich nucleus of an electrically neutral atom absorbs an inner atomic electron, usually from the K or L electron shells. Thi ...

and the primary mode after is

beta emission In nuclear physics, beta decay (β-decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle (fast energetic electron or positron) is emitted from an atomic nucleus, transforming the original nuclide to an isobar of that nuclide. For exam ...

. The primary

decay product In nuclear physics, a decay product (also known as a daughter product, daughter isotope, radio-daughter, or daughter nuclide) is the remaining nuclide left over from radioactive decay. Radioactive decay often proceeds via a sequence of steps ( ...

before ¹⁰³Rh is

ruthenium Ruthenium is a chemical element with the Symbol (chemistry), symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to ...

and the primary product after is

palladium Palladium is a chemical element with the symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself na ...

List of isotopes

, - , ⁸⁹Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 44 , 88.94884(48)# , 10# ms
1.5 μs, β⁺ , ⁸⁹Ru , 7/2+# , , , - , ⁹⁰Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 45 , 89.94287(54)# , 15(7) ms
2(+9−4) ms, β⁺ , ⁹⁰Ru , 0+# , , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , ^90mRh , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 0(500)# keV , 1.1(3) s
.0(+3−2) s, , , 9+# , , , - , ⁹¹Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 46 , 90.93655(43)# , 1.74(14) s , β⁺ , ⁹¹Ru , 7/2+# , , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , ^91mRh , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , , 1.46(11) s , , , (1/2−) , , , - , ⁹²Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 47 , 91.93198(43)# , 4.3(13) s , β⁺ , ⁹²Ru , (6+) , , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , ^92mRh , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , , 4.66(25) s
.9(+15−8) s, , , (≥6+) , , , - , ⁹³Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 48 , 92.92574(43)# , 11.9(7) s , β⁺ , ⁹³Ru , 9/2+# , , , - , rowspan=2, ⁹⁴Rh , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 45 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 49 , rowspan=2, 93.92170(48)# , rowspan=2, 70.6(6) s , β⁺ (98.2%) , ⁹⁴Ru , rowspan=2, (2+, 4+) , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁺, p (1.79%) , ⁹³Tc , - , style="text-indent:1em" , ^94mRh , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 300(200)# keV , 25.8(2) s , β⁺ , ⁹⁴Ru , (8+) , , , - , ⁹⁵Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 50 , 94.91590(16) , 5.02(10) min , β⁺ , ⁹⁵Ru , (9/2)+ , , , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^95mRh , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 543.3(3) keV , rowspan=2, 1.96(4) min , IT (88%) , ⁹⁵Rh , rowspan=2, (1/2)− , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁺ (12%) , ⁹⁵Ru , - , ⁹⁶Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 51 , 95.914461(14) , 9.90(10) min , β⁺ , ⁹⁶Ru , (6+) , , , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^96mRh , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 52.0(1) keV , rowspan=2, 1.51(2) min , IT (60%) , ⁹⁶Rh , rowspan=2, (3+) , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁺ (40%) , ⁹⁶Ru , - , ⁹⁷Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 52 , 96.91134(4) , 30.7(6) min , β⁺ , ⁹⁷Ru , 9/2+ , , , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^97mRh , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 258.85(17) keV , rowspan=2, 46.2(16) min , β⁺ (94.4%) , ⁹⁷Ru , rowspan=2, 1/2− , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , IT (5.6%) , ⁹⁷Rh , - , ⁹⁸Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 53 , 97.910708(13) , 8.72(12) min , β⁺ , ⁹⁸Ru , (2)+ , , , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^98mRh , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 60(50)# keV , rowspan=2, 3.6(2) min , IT , ⁹⁸Rh , rowspan=2, (5+) , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁺ , ⁹⁸Ru , - , ⁹⁹Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 54 , 98.908132(8) , 16.1(2) d , β⁺ , ⁹⁹Ru , 1/2− , , , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^99mRh , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 64.3(4) keV , rowspan=2, 4.7(1) h , β⁺ (99.83%) , ⁹⁹Ru , rowspan=2, 9/2+ , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , IT (.16%) , ⁹⁹Rh , - , ¹⁰⁰Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 55 , 99.908122(20) , 20.8(1) h , β⁺ , ¹⁰⁰Ru , 1− , , , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^100m1Rh , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 107.6(2) keV , rowspan=2, 4.6(2) min , IT (98.3%) , ¹⁰⁰Rh , rowspan=2, (5+) , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁺ (1.7%) , ¹⁰⁰Ru , - , style="text-indent:1em" , ^100m2Rh , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 74.78(2) keV , 214.0(20) ns , , , (2)+ , , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , ^100m3Rh , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 112.0+X keV , 130(10) ns , , , (7+) , , , - , ¹⁰¹Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 56 , 100.906164(18) , 3.3(3) y , EC , ¹⁰¹Ru , 1/2− , , , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^101mRh , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 157.32(4) keV , rowspan=2, 4.34(1) d , EC (93.6%) , ¹⁰¹Ru , rowspan=2, 9/2+ , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , IT (6.4%) , ¹⁰¹Rh , - , rowspan=2, ¹⁰²Rh , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 45 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 57 , rowspan=2, 101.906843(5) , rowspan=2, 207.0(15) d , β⁺ (80%) , ¹⁰²Ru , rowspan=2, (1−, 2−) , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻ (20%) , ¹⁰²Pd , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^102mRh , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 140.75(8) keV , rowspan=2, 3.742(10) y , β⁺ (99.77%) , ¹⁰²Ru , rowspan=2, 6+ , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , IT (.23%) , ¹⁰²Rh , - , ¹⁰³Rh

Fission product Nuclear fission products are the atomic fragments left after a large atomic nucleus undergoes nuclear fission. Typically, a large nucleus like that of uranium fissions by splitting into two smaller nuclei, along with a few neutrons, the release ...

, style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 58 , 102.905504(3) , colspan=3 align=center, StableTheoretically capable of

spontaneous fission Spontaneous fission (SF) is a form of radioactive decay that is found only in very heavy chemical elements. The nuclear binding energy of the elements reaches its maximum at an atomic mass number of about 56 (e.g., iron-56); spontaneous breakdo ...

, 1/2− , 1.0000 , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , ^103mRh , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 39.756(6) keV , 56.114(9) min , IT , ¹⁰³Rh , 7/2+ , , , - , rowspan=2, ¹⁰⁴Rh , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 45 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 59 , rowspan=2, 103.906656(3) , rowspan=2, 42.3(4) s , β⁻ (99.55%) , ¹⁰⁴Pd , rowspan=2, 1+ , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁺ (.449%) , ¹⁰⁴Ru , - , style="text-indent:1em" , ^104mRh , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 128.967(4) keV , 4.34(3) min , , , 5+ , , , - , ¹⁰⁵Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 60 , 104.905694(4) , 35.36(6) h , β⁻ , ¹⁰⁵Pd , 7/2+ , , , - , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^105mRh , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 129.781(4) keV , rowspan=2, 42.9(3) s , IT , ¹⁰⁵Rh , rowspan=2, 1/2− , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻ , ¹⁰⁵Pd , - , ¹⁰⁶Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 61 , 105.907287(8) , 29.80(8) s , β⁻ , ¹⁰⁶Pd , 1+ , , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , ^106mRh , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 136(12) keV , 131(2) min , β⁻ , ¹⁰⁶Pd , (6)+ , , , - , ¹⁰⁷Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 62 , 106.906748(13) , 21.7(4) min , β⁻ , ¹⁰⁷Pd , 7/2+ , , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , ^107mRh , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 268.36(4) keV , >10 μs , , , 1/2− , , , - , ¹⁰⁸Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 63 , 107.90873(11) , 16.8(5) s , β⁻ , ¹⁰⁸Pd , 1+ , , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , ^108mRh , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , −60(110) keV , 6.0(3) min , β⁻ , ¹⁰⁸Pd , (5)(+#) , , , - , ¹⁰⁹Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 64 , 108.908737(13) , 80(2) s , β⁻ , ¹⁰⁹Pd , 7/2+ , , , - , ¹¹⁰Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 65 , 109.91114(5) , 28.5(15) s , β⁻ , ¹¹⁰Pd , (>3)(+#) , , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , ^110mRh , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , −60(50) keV , 3.2(2) s , β⁻ , ¹¹⁰Pd , 1+ , , , - , ¹¹¹Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 66 , 110.91159(3) , 11(1) s , β⁻ , ¹¹¹Pd , (7/2+) , , , - , ¹¹²Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 67 , 111.91439(6) , 3.45(37) s , β⁻ , ¹¹²Pd , 1+ , , , - , style="text-indent:1em" , ^112mRh , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 330(70) keV , 6.73(15) s , β⁻ , ¹¹²Pd , (4, 5, 6) , , , - , ¹¹³Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 68 , 112.91553(5) , 2.80(12) s , β⁻ , ¹¹³Pd , (7/2+) , , , - , rowspan=2, ¹¹⁴Rh , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 45 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 69 , rowspan=2, 113.91881(12) , rowspan=2, 1.85(5) s , β⁻ (>99.9%) , ¹¹⁴Pd , rowspan=2, 1+ , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n (<.1%) , ¹¹³Pd , - , style="text-indent:1em" , ^114mRh , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 200(150)# keV , 1.85(5) s , β⁻ , ¹¹⁴Pd , (4, 5) , , , - , ¹¹⁵Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 70 , 114.92033(9) , 0.99(5) s , β⁻ , ¹¹⁵Pd , (7/2+)# , , , - , rowspan=2, ¹¹⁶Rh , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 45 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 71 , rowspan=2, 115.92406(15) , rowspan=2, 0.68(6) s , β⁻ (>99.9%) , ¹¹⁶Pd , rowspan=2, 1+ , rowspan=2, , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n (<.1%) , ¹¹⁵Pd , - , style="text-indent:1em" , ^116mRh , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 200(150)# keV , 570(50) ms , β⁻ , ¹¹⁶Pd , (6−) , , , - , ¹¹⁷Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 72 , 116.92598(54)# , 0.44(4) s , β⁻ , ¹¹⁷Pd , (7/2+)# , , , - , ¹¹⁸Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 73 , 117.93007(54)# , 310(30) ms , β⁻ , ¹¹⁸Pd , (4−10)(+#) , , , - , ¹¹⁹Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 74 , 118.93211(64)# , 300# ms
300 ns, β⁻ , ¹¹⁹Pd , 7/2+# , , , - , ¹²⁰Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 75 , 119.93641(64)# , 200# ms
300 ns, β⁻ , ¹²⁰Pd , , , , - , ¹²¹Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 76 , 120.93872(97)# , 100# ms
300 ns, β⁻ , ¹²¹Pd , 7/2+# , , , - , ¹²²Rh , style="text-align:right" , 45 , style="text-align:right" , 77 , 121.94321(75)# , 50# ms
300 ns, , , , ,

References

* Isotope masses from: ** * Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from: ** ** * Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. ** ** ** {{Navbox element isotopes Rhodium

Rhodium Rhodium is a chemical element with the symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is a very rare, silvery-white, hard, corrosion-resistant transition metal. It is a noble metal and a member of the platinum group. It has only one naturally occurring isoto ...