Isopogoninae

''Isopogon'', commonly known as conesticks, conebushes or coneflowers, is a genus of about forty species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae, and are endemic to Australia. They are shrubs with rigid leaves, bisexual flowers in a dense spike or "cone" and the fruit is a small, hairy nut.

Description

Plants in the genus ''Isopogon'' are erect or prostrate shrubs with rigid, usually compound, rarely simple leaves. Compound leaves are deeply divided with flat or cylindrical lobes. The flowers are usually arranged on the ends of branches, usually surrounded by bracts, in a more or less conical or spherical spike. Each flower is bisexual and symmetrical, the tepals spreading as the flower develops, the lower part persisting unit the fruit expands. The fruit are fused to form a woody cone-like to more or less spherical structure, each fruit a nut with bracts that eventually fall and release the fruit. ''Isopogon'' have 13 haploid chromosomes.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Isopogon'' was first formally described in 1809 by Joseph Knight in ''On the cultivation of the plants belonging to the natural order of Proteeae'', preempting publication of the same name by Robert Brown in his book '' On the natural order of plants called Proteaceae''.

Species list

The following is a list of species, subspecies and varieties of ''Isopogon'' accepted by the Australian Plant Census as at November 2020:

* ''Isopogon adenanthoides'' Meisn. (W.A.) - spider coneflower
* '' Isopogon alcicornis'' Diels (W.A.) - elkhorn coneflower
* ''Isopogon anemonifolius'' ( Salisb.) Knight (N.S.W.) - broad-leaved drumsticks
* ''Isopogon anethifolius'' (Salisb.) Knight (N.S.W.) - narrow-leaved drumsticks
* ''Isopogon asper'' R.Br. (W.A.)
* ''Isopogon attenuatus'' R.Br. (W.A.)
* ''Isopogon axillaris'' R.Br. (W.A.)
* ''Isopogon baxteri'' R.Br. (W.A.) - Stirling Range coneflower
* ''Isopogon buxifolius'' R.Br. (W.A.)
** ''Isopogon buxifolius'' R.Br. var. ''buxifolius''
** ''Isopogon buxifolius'' var. ''obovatus'' (R.Br.) Benth.
* ''Isopogon ceratophyllus'' R.Br. (S.A., Vic., Tas.) - wild Irishman, horny cone bush
* ''Isopogon crithmifolius'' F.Muell. (W.A.)
* ''Isopogon cuneatus'' R.Br. (W.A.) - coneflower
* ''Isopogon dawsonii'' F.Muell. ex R.T.Baker (N.S.W.) - Nepean cone bush
* '' Isopogon divergens'' R.Br. (W.A.) - spreading coneflower
* '' Isopogon drummondii'' Hügel ex Jacques (W.A.)
* '' Isopogon dubius'' (R.Br.) Druce (W.A.) - pincushion coneflower
* '' Isopogon fletcheri'' F.Muell. (N.S.W.) - Fletcher's drumsticks
* '' Isopogon formosus'' R.Br. (W.A.) - rose coneflower
** ''Isopogon formosus'' subsp. ''dasylepis'' (Meisn.) Foreman
** ''Isopogon formosus R.Br. subsp. ''formosus''
* '' Isopogon gardneri'' Foreman (W.A.)
* '' Isopogon heterophyllus'' Meisn. (W.A.)
* '' Isopogon inconspicuus'' (Meisn.) Foreman (W.A.)
* '' Isopogon latifolius'' R.Br. (W.A.)
* '' Isopogon linearis'' Meisn. (W.A.)
* '' Isopogon longifolius'' R.Br. (W.A.)
* '' Isopogon mnoraifolius'' McGill. (N.S.W.)
* '' Isopogon panduratus'' Hislop & Rye (W.A.)
** ''Isopogon panduratus'' subsp. ''palustris'' Hislop & Rye
** ''Isopogon panduratus'' Hislop & Rye subsp. ''panduratus''
* '' Isopogon petiolaris'' R.Br. (Qld., N.S.W.)
* '' Isopogon polycephalus'' R.Br. (W.A.) - clustered coneflower
* '' Isopogon prostratus'' McGill. (N.S.W., Vic.) - prostrate cone-bush
* '' Isopogon pruinosus'' Hislop & Rye (W.A.)
** ''Isopogon pruinosus'' subsp. ''glabellus'' Hislop & Rye
** ''Isopogon pruinosus'' Hislop & Rye subsp. ''pruinosus''
* '' Isopogon robustus'' Foreman ex N.Gibson (W.A.)
* '' Isopogon scabriusculus'' Meisn. (W.A.)
** ''Isopogon scabriusculus'' subsp. ''pubifloris'' Foreman
** ''Isopogon scabriusculus'' Meisn. subsp. ''scabriusculus''
** ''Isopogon scabriusculus'' subsp. ''stenophyllus'' Foreman
* '' Isopogon spathulatus'' R.Br. (W.A.)
* '' Isopogon sphaerocephalus'' Lindl. (W.A.) - drumstick isopogon
* '' Isopogon teretifolius'' R.Br. (W.A.) - nodding coneflower
* '' Isopogon tridens'' (Meisn.) F.Muell. (W.A.) - three-toothed coneflower
* '' Isopogon trilobus'' R.Br. (W.A.) - barrel coneflower
* '' Isopogon uncinatus'' R.Br. (W.A.)
* '' Isopogon villosus'' Meisn. (W.A.)

Two new species of ''Isopogon'', '' I. autumnalis'' (10 December 2019) and '' I. nutans'' (5 May 2020) have been described but the names have not been accepted by the Australian Plant Census as at November 2020.

References

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External links

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{{Taxonbar, from=Q532636

Proteaceae genera
Proteales of Australia
Endemic flora of Australia