Isoetes valida
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''Isoetes valida'', commonly known as the strong quillwort or true quillwort, is an aquatic lycophyte native to eastern
North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...
. It is found primarily in the Appalachian Mountains from Pennsylvania south to Alabama and Georgia. In addition, one collection of the plant was made in a railway ditch in Wilmington, Delaware in the 1860s, but this was most likely an accidental introduction. Some sources consider ''
Isoetes caroliniana ''Isoetes caroliniana'', common name Carolina quillwort, is a wetlands plant native to the mountains of Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia. It is an emergent plant found in lakes and bogs. It is closely related to '' I. ge ...
'' a synonym of this species, others regard it as a separate species.


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Profile at USDA PLANTS DatabaseRange Map from Flora of North AmericaIllustration from Flora of North America (under the synonym ''Isoetes caroliniana'')wikiPlants - ''Isoetes valida (Engelm.) Clute''
valida Flora of the Eastern United States Plants described in 1867 {{Lycophyte-stub