The International Motor Show Germany or International Mobility Show Germany, in German known as the ''Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung'' (''IAA'' – International Automobile Exhibition), is one of the world's largest mobility shows. It consists of two separate fairs, that subdivided in 1991. While the ''IAA MOBILITY'' displays passenger vehicles, motorcycles and bikes, the ''IAA TRANSPORTATION'' specializes in commercial vehicles. Before the separation, the show was held solely at the Messe Frankfurt. The IAA is organized by the ''

Verband der Automobilindustrie The German Association of the Automotive Industry or VDA (german: Verband der Automobilindustrie e. V.) is a German interest group of the German automobile industry, both automobile manufactures and automobile component suppliers. It is member o ...

'' (VDA – Association of the German Automotive Industry) and is scheduled by the

Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles The International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA; french: Organisation internationale des constructeurs automobiles), founded 1919 in Paris, is an international trade association whose members are 39 national automotive industr ...

(OICA), who recognize the IAA as one of the "big five" (most prestigious auto shows worldwide).

History

In 1897 the first IAA was held at the Hotel Bristol in

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitu ...

, with a total of eight motor vehicles on display. As the automobile became more known and accepted, the IAA became a fixed event in Germany, with at least one held every year, usually in Berlin. From 1905–1907, there were two per year, as the production had increased to an industrial level. In the next years the show was suspended due to the ongoing

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

, and was then reinstated in 1921 with 67 automobile manufacturers displaying 90 vehicles under the motto "comfort". Despite the still perceptible after-effects of the global recession, the 22nd IAA was held in Berlin in 1931, with a total of 295,000 visitors. For the first time the exhibition included

front-wheel drive Front-wheel drive (FWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, where the engine drives the front wheels only. Most modern front-wheel drive vehicles feature a transverse engine, rather than the conventional longitu ...

vehicles. In 1939, the 29th installation of the event gathered a total of 825,000 visitors – an all-time record at that time. The new

Volkswagen Volkswagen (),English: , . abbreviated as VW (), is a German Automotive industry, motor vehicle manufacturer headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. Founded in 1937 by the German Labour Front under the Nazi Party and revived into a ...

was presented for the first time, which later came to be known as the

Beetle Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 describ ...

. This was the last IAA before it was again suspended during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

, after which Germany and Berlin was divided, with West-Berlin being isolated within Communist East Germany. From 1947–1949, West Germany's automobile and accessories manufacturers took part in the export trade fair in

Hanover Hanover (; german: Hannover ; nds, Hannober) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony. Its 535,932 (2021) inhabitants make it the 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-largest city in Northern Germany ...

. The automobile industry's hall acted like a magnet on the public, with a great number of visitors coming to the show. In 1951 the show was held on the Messe Frankfurt for the first time. The event, which was held in April, attracted a total of 570,000 visitors, with exhibits including the first HGV to have a turbo diesel engine. Just six months later, in September 1951, a second exhibition in Berlin was held, gathering 290,000 visitors. From then on, the German automobile industry bade farewell to its traditional exhibition site in Berlin and relocated the motor show completely to Frankfurt. The IAA was also rescheduled to only take place every other year. In 1989 the last IAA to feature both passenger cars and commercial vehicles in one show confirmed that the exhibition site in Frankfurt was now too small for this major event. Almost 2,000 exhibitors squeezed onto an exhibition site measuring 252,000 square metres. More than 1.2 million visitors attended the event. Because of the high demand, it was no longer possible to meet exhibitors' requirements for adequate exhibition stands. In view of this, the VDA decided to split the IAA from now on, with a focus on passenger vehicles in odd years, and a focus on commercial vehicles in even years. The first IAA focused solely on passenger cars, held in 1991, was a huge success. A total of 1,271 exhibitors from 43 countries displayed their new products and innovations. With more than 935,000 visitors, the ''IAA Passenger Cars'' was extremely well attended. In the following year the first ''IAA Commercial Vehicles'' took place in

, Germany. It saw 1,284 exhibitors from 29 countries and gathered 287,000 people, 66 per cent being trade visitors. In 2001 the

September 11 attacks The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. That morning, nineteen terrorists hijacked four commer ...

on the World Trade Center in New York cast a shadow over the IAA Cars in Frankfurt. The exhibition went ahead all the same. As a mark of solidarity with the victims and their dependants, all show elements and loud music as well as the official opening ceremony with the Federal Chancellor were cancelled. VDA President Gottschalk explained this decision: "Because we could not permit terrorist forces to take away our freedom of action. And because, as a key international sector, we have a responsibility not to allow things to grind to a halt." In an impressive manner, the general public confirmed that this indeed was the right decision to take: more than 800,000 people visited this "quiet IAA". In spite of the

Great Recession The Great Recession was a period of marked general decline, i.e. a recession, observed in national economies globally that occurred from late 2007 into 2009. The scale and timing of the recession varied from country to country (see map). At ...

, the IAA Cars 2009 proved to be a magnet for visitors. Around 850,000 people visited the auto show in Frankfurt, which greatly exceeded the target of 750,000. The headline "A Moving Experience" showed, where the mobility of tomorrow is heading. A huge number of options were presented at the IAA, ranging from the mild hybrid and the plug-in hybrid to the all-electric car, fuel cells and hydrogen power.

Developments in the 2010s

The 2010s were marked by the transformation of the automotive industry: In 2011 the 63rd IAA featured the all-new "Hall of Electric Mobility", a first-timer to all Motor Shows worldwide. Additional IAA-premieres included the Electric Mobility Conference as well as the CarIT Conference dealing with the issue of connected driving. This approach was repeated in 2013. In 2015, the IAA introduced New Mobility World, a platform for the entire ecosystem of electric mobility, autonomous driving, connectivity and urban mobility. In the second week of the IAA, the emissions scandal (Dieselgate) became public. Until the IAA Cars 2015, exhibitor numbers were consistently above 1,000, and the number of visitors was 931,700. The 67th IAA Cars 2017 – the first after the emissions scandal – was overshadowed by a loss of confidence in the German automotive industry. For the first time, the number of exhibitors fell below 1,000, while the number of visitors dropped to 810,000 – the worst figure since 2001. Meanwhile, New Mobility World grew significantly to 250 participating organizations, 200 conference speakers and 250,000 visitors. Since 2017, NMW's purpose was to not only to be Europe's leading innovation platform for future mobility, but also to develop and establish formats and business models beyond the booth rental of conventional auto shows. This trend continued at the 58th IAA Cars 2019, with New Mobility World growing to over 400 participating organizations, doubling the number of attendees to 500,000, and increasing its international reach, with 62% of the 240 speakers and 47% attendees at the English-only conference coming from abroad. International media perceived New Mobility World to have "become the meeting point for the world's leading companies in automotive technologies and mobility" by now. The IAA itself recorded only 560,000 visitors (including NMW), the number of exhibitors fell to 873, in particular due to a further loss of international exhibitors. It was also accompanied by much larger protests than in the past. According to the organizers, a total of 25,000 participants, 18,000 of them by bicycle, came to a demonstration on 14 September for a change in traffic policy; the police spoke of about 15,000. The IAA Cars 2019 was the last IAA held in Frankfurt. In 2021, IAA adopted the New Mobility World concept, formats and business model, rebranded to IAA MOBILITY, and moved to Munich.

Change of venue location

2019 marked the final year that the IAA hosted its automotive exhibition in Frankfurt. In the several previous years, more and more manufacturers opted out of the IAA or greatly downsized their presence. The marques that specialise in high performance and luxury vehicles — such as Aston Martin, Bentley, Bugatti, Ferrari, and Rolls-Royce — were often the biggest draw at the IAA show, and they were absent from the several previous exhibitions. BMW had downsized its presence from 11,000 to 3,000 square metres. Since 2017, visitor numbers have almost halved, this, in addition to controversies such as Dieselgate and the global climate change issue, have prompted the IAA to change the scope of the exhibition and to pick a new venue. The rapidly decreasing number of visitors in the last several exhibitions reflected the waning enthusiasm for the IAA, along with prominent protests against the car industry by environmental activists. The contract between Messe Frankfurt and VDA, the IAA organiser, expired in 2019. VDA chose not to renew the contract, citing the above reasons. Instead, VDA indicated its intention of moving its biannual automotive exhibitions to another city for 2021 onward. The final three candidate cities were

, Hamburg, and

Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and ...

. Four other cities had also submitted bids but didn't make the final round:

Cologne Cologne ( ; german: Köln ; ksh, Kölle ) is the largest city of the German western state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and 3.6 millio ...

, Frankfurt,

, and

Stuttgart Stuttgart (; Swabian: ; ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the Neckar river in a fertile valley known as the ''Stuttgarter Kessel'' (Stuttgart Cauldron) and lies an hour from the Sw ...

. On 3 March 2020, VDA chose

. Munich beat out Berlin and Hamburg based on three criteria. Munich Airport is the second Lufthansa hub and has many direct international flights (second to Frankfurt); Munich is home to BMW and several other high tech industries such as Apple, Google, and many start-up companies; the city has 130,000 employees working in automobile industry. The Greens-led city council and Bavarian state government have given their support, along with 2/3 of people who responded to the survey. The event was planned to take place from 7 to 12 September, before the start of

Oktoberfest The Oktoberfest (; bar, Wiesn, Oktobafest) is the world's largest Volksfest, featuring a beer festival and a travelling carnival. It is held annually in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. It is a 16- to 18-day folk festival running from mid- or ...

, but was cancelled due to Covid. The IAA MOBILITY finally took place in September 2021.

Major vehicle introductions

1951

The following introductions were made at the 1951 show: * BMW 501 * Automobiles Marathon prototype * Mercedes-Benz W187 * Mercedes-Benz M186 engine

1955

The following introductions were made at the 1955 show: *

BMW 503 The BMW 503 is a two-door 2+2 gran turismo in both Coupé and Cabriolet form manufactured by German automaker BMW from 1956 until 1959. The company developed the 503 alongside the 507 roadster in an attempt to sell a significant number of lux ...

* BMW 505 Prototype

1957

The following introductions were made at the 1957 show: * DKW 600 (later called DKW Junior) * Goggomobil T600 * NSU Prinz I

1959

The following introductions were made at the 1959 show: *

BMW 700 The BMW 700 is a small rear-engined car which was produced by BMW in various models from August 1959 to November 1965. It was the first BMW automobile with a monocoque structure. The 700 was a sales success at a time when BMW was close to fina ...

* Borgward P100 * Mercedes-Benz W111 Sedan * Porsche 356B T5

1961

The following introductions were made at the 1961 show: * BMW 1500 Sedan *

BMW 3200 CS The BMW 3200 CS was a sports touring car manufactured by BMW between January 1962 and September 1965. It was designed by Bertone and was introduced at the 1961 Frankfurt Motor Show. More than five hundred were built. The 3200 CS was the final va ...

* Glas 1004 * NSU Prinz 4 * Porsche 356B T6

1963

The following introductions were made at the 1963 show: * Alfa Romeo Giulia Sprint GT * Glas 1700 * Glas GT * NSU Prinz 1000 * Porsche 356C *

Porsche 901 Porsche 901 was the name originally intended for the Porsche 911. By the early 1960s, Porsche project design numbers had reached into the 800s. For instance, Porsche's 1962 F1 model was called Porsche 804. At the Internationale Automobil-Auss ...

1965

The following introductions were made at the 1965 show: * Alfa Romeo 2600 De Luxe * Glas 1700 TS * Glas V8 * Mercedes-Benz W108 *

NSU Typ 110 The NSU Typ 110 is a small car that was made by NSU between 1965 and 1972 (branded as the NSU 1200 after 1967). It was first presented at the 1965 Frankfurt Motor Show, widening NSU's range in the process. It was based on the NSU Prinz 1000 ...

Opel Kadett B The Opel Kadett B is a car that was launched by Opel at the Frankfurt Motor Show in late summer 1965. The Kadett B was larger all-round than the Kadett A: 5% longer both overall and in terms of the wheelbase, 7% wider and 9% heavier (unladen weigh ...

1967

* Dino Berlinetta Competizione concept

1969

The following introductions were made at the 1969 show: *

Audi 100 Coupé S The Audi 100 Coupé S is a sports fastback coupe Grand tourer class car manufactured by the German automaker Audi AG. The car was first presented at the Frankfurt Motor Show in 1969. Originally 30,687 units were produced. Technical specification ...

* Opel Coupe Diplomat concept *

Porsche 914 The Porsche 914 or VW-Porsche 914 is a mid-engined sports car designed, manufactured and marketed collaboratively by Volkswagen and Porsche from 1969 until 1976. It was only available as a targa-topped two-seat roadster powered by either a f ...

1973

The following introductions were made at the 1973 show: * BMW 2002 Turbo * Bitter CD

1977

The following introductions were made at the 1977 show: *

Ferrari 308 GTS Ferrari S.p.A. (; ) is an Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy. Founded by Enzo Ferrari (1898–1988) in 1939 from the Alfa Romeo racing division as ''Auto Avio Costruzioni'', the company built its first car in ...

* Ford Granada Mark II *

Opel Rekord E The Opel Rekord Series E is an executive car that replaced the Rekord D on Opel's Rüsselsheim production lines in August 1977, following the end of the summer vacation plant shut-down. It shared its wheelbase and inherited most of its engines fr ...

1979

The 1979 Show occurred in a tough year for the automobile industry, with a focus on decreased speed limits and conserving energy, with most of Western Europe on the brink of a severe recession. It also occurred at a time when car design was changing substantially, with hatchbacks and front-wheel drive becoming increasingly popularity, as well as demand increasing for smaller "supermini" cars. The following introductions were scheduled for the 1979 show: * Alfa Romeo 6 * Audi 200 * BMW 745i *

Citroën GSA GSA may refer to: Commerce * Citroën GSA, a French automobile * GameSpy Arcade, a utility for use with network computer games * General sales agent, an airline sales representative * Global mobile Suppliers Association, a not-for-profit indust ...

(a facelifted version of the 1970 Citroën GS, which featured a hatchback instead of its predecessor's saloon body style) * Fiat Ritmo Cabriolet * Ford Taunus TC3 (a facelifted version of the 1976 Taunus/

Cortina Cortina may refer to: Things * Cortina (tango), a short piece of music played during a tango dance event * Ford Cortina, a medium-sized family car built by Ford of Britain from 1962 to 1982 **Lotus Cortina, a 1963–1968 performance variant on the ...

, which was Britain's best selling car) * Lancia Delta (winner of the

European Car of the Year The European Car of the Year ("ECOTY") award is an international Car of the Year award established in 1964, by a collective of automobile magazines from different countries in Europe. The current organising companies of the award are '' Auto'' ( ...

award for 1980) * Mercedes-Benz W126 (S-class) * Mitsubishi Lancer EX (European premier) *

Renault 5 The Renault 5 is a four-passenger, three or five-door, front-engine, front-wheel drive hatchback supermini manufactured and marketed by the French automaker Renault over two generations: 1972–1985 (also called R5) and 1984–1996 (also called S ...

five-door model (joining the three-door hatchback model which had been launched in 1972) *

Talbot 1510 Year 1510 ( MDX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January – Catherine of Aragon gives birth to her first child, a stillborn daughter. * ...

Volkswagen Jetta The Volkswagen Jetta () is a compact car/ small family car manufactured and marketed by Volkswagen since 1979. Positioned to fill a sedan niche above the firm's Golf hatchback, it has been marketed over seven generations, variously as the Atl ...

(saloon version of the Volkswagen Golf) * Volvo 345 (five-door hatchback version of the Volvo 343, launched in 1976)

1981

The following introductions were made at the 1981 show: *Audi Auto 2000 concept * Bitter SC convertible *Ford Probe III concept *Mercedes-Benz Auto 2000 concept * Opel Ascona C * Opel Tech 1 concept * Porsche 944 *

Volkswagen Auto 2000 The Volkswagen Auto 2000 is a concept car first shown by German car company Volkswagen in 1981. It was part of a German government-sponsored program to develop cars for the year 2000. Volkswagen's prototype was joined by efforts from Audi, Merced ...

concept

1983

1983 was, in most of Western Europe, a year of recovery in the new car market, as the economy recovered from the recent recession. Many important new cars were launched at Frankfurt and elsewhere during 1983. Those launched elsewhere include the Austin Maestro,

Fiat Uno The Fiat Uno is a supermini manufactured and marketed by Fiat. Launched in 1983, the Uno was produced over a single generation (with an intermediate facelift, 1989) in three and five-door hatchback body styles until 1995 in Europe — and un ...

Nissan Micra The Nissan Micra, also known as the , is a supermini car ( B-segment) that has been produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Nissan since 1982. The Nissan Micra replaced the Japanese-market Nissan Cherry. It was exclusive to Nissan J ...

, Peugeot 205 and Renault 11. The

Opel Corsa The Opel Corsa is a supermini car engineered and produced by the German automobile manufacturer Opel since 1982. Throughout its existence, it has been sold under a variety of other brands owned by General Motors (most notably Vauxhall, Chev ...

(launched in Spain in September 1982) was also imported to the UK from April 1983, where it was sold as the Vauxhall Nova. The following introductions were made at the 1983 show: * Alfa Romeo 33 1.5 4x4 * BMW M635 CSi (high performance version of the 635 CSi, launched in 1976) *

Fiat Regata The Fiat Regata is an automobile produced by Italian automaker Fiat from 1983 until 1990. The Regata name was used for the sedan and station wagon versions of the Fiat Ritmo hatchback, corresponding to the post-facelift Ritmo. The Regata was of ...

* Ford Sierra XR4i (fuel-injected, high performance version of the Sierra hatchback, launched in 1982) * Mercedes-Benz 190E (new entry-level saloon in the

Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz (), commonly referred to as Mercedes and sometimes as Benz, is a German luxury and commercial vehicle automotive brand established in 1926. Mercedes-Benz AG (a Mercedes-Benz Group subsidiary established in 2019) is headquarte ...

range) *

Opel Junior The Opel Junior is a concept car designed and produced by the German automobile manufacturer Opel. It was first shown to the public at the 1983 Frankfurt Motor Show in September 1983. The small long three door supermini was powered by a 1.2 L pet ...

concept * Renault Fuego Turbo (turbocharged version of the Fuego coupe, launched in 1980) * Volkswagen Golf Mk2 *Zender Vision 1S concept (

Audi Quattro The Audi Quattro is a road and rally car, produced by the German automobile manufacturer Audi, part of the Volkswagen Group. It was first shown at the 1980 Geneva Motor Show on 3 March. Production continued through 1991. Background The word ...

based)

1985

The following introductions were made at the 1985 show: *

BMW M3 The BMW M3 is a high-performance version of the BMW 3 Series, developed by BMW's in-house motorsport division, BMW M GmbH. M3 models have been produced for every generation of 3 Series since the E30 M3 was introduced in 1986. The initial mode ...

(high performance version of the 3 Series two-door sports saloon) * Ferrari 328 * Ferrari Mondial 3.2 *

Mercedes-Benz E Class The Mercedes-Benz E-Class is a range of executive cars manufactured by German automaker Mercedes-Benz in various engine and body configurations. Produced since 1953, the E-Class falls midrange in the Mercedes line-up, and has been marketed world ...

estate *Zender Vision 2 concept *

Porsche 959 The Porsche 959 is a sports car manufactured by German automobile manufacturer Porsche from 1986 to 1993, first as a Group B rally car and later as a road legal production car designed to satisfy FIA homologation regulations requiring at leas ...

1987

The following introductions were made at the 1987 show: *

Alfa Romeo 164 The Alfa Romeo 164 (Type 164) is a four-door executive saloon manufactured and marketed by Italian automaker Alfa Romeo from 1987-1998, styled by Pininfarina, and cooperatively designed and sharing platforms and numerous elements with the Fiat ...

(flagship

Alfa Romeo Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.A. () is an Italian luxury car manufacturer and a subsidiary of Stellantis. The company was founded on 24 June 1910, in Milan, Italy. "Alfa" is an acronym of its founding name, "Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili." "A ...

saloon, and the last of four cars to be developed on the Type Four platform with

Fiat Fiat Automobiles S.p.A. (, , ; originally FIAT, it, Fabbrica Italiana Automobili di Torino, lit=Italian Automobiles Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer, formerly part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, and since 2021 a subsidiar ...

Lancia Lancia () is an Italian car manufacturer and a subsidiary of FCA Italy S.p.A., which is currently a Stellantis division. The present legal entity of Lancia was formed in January 2007 when its corporate parent reorganised its businesses, but it ...

and Saab) *

Ferrari F40 The Ferrari F40 (''tipo'' F120) is a mid-engine, rear-wheel drive sports car engineered by Nicola Materazzi with styling by Pininfarina. It was built from 1987 until 1992, with the LM and GTE race car versions continuing production until 199 ...

* Ford HFX Aerostar Ghia concept * Lamborghini Portofino concept

1988

The following introductions were made at the 1988 show: * Porsche 964 Speedster

1989

The following introductions were made at the 1989 show: *

Alfa Romeo SZ The Alfa Romeo SZ (Sprint Zagato) or ES-30 (Experimental Sportscar 3.0 litre) is a high-performance limited-production sports car built between 1989 and 1991 by a partnership between Centro Stile Zagato, Centro Stile Alfa Romeo and Centro Stile Fi ...

(high performance sporting coupe) * BMW 8 Series (E31) (luxury sporting coupe to replace the long-running 6 Series) *

(facelifted version of hugely successful supermini, in production since 1983) *

Land Rover Discovery Land, also known as dry land, ground, or earth, is the solid terrestrial surface of the planet Earth that is not submerged by the ocean or other bodies of water. It makes up 29% of Earth's surface and includes the continents and various isla ...

(mid-range 4X4 in the

Land Rover Land Rover is a British brand of predominantly four-wheel drive, off-road capable vehicles, owned by multinational car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover (JLR), since 2008 a subsidiary of India's Tata Motors. JLR currently builds Land Rove ...

section of the Rover Group) *

Peugeot 605 The Peugeot 605 is an executive car produced by the French manufacturer Peugeot between 1989 and 1999, with a facelift in 1995. History The 605 was a saloon built on the same platform as the Citroën XM and was the successor to the criticall ...

(flagship saloon model in the

Peugeot Peugeot (, , ) is a French brand of automobiles owned by Stellantis. The family business that preceded the current Peugeot companies was founded in 1810, with a steel foundry that soon started making hand tools and kitchen equipment, and then ...

range) * Rolls-Royce Corniche III * Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit Mark II * Rolls-Royce Silver Spur Mark II * SEAT Proto T * Toyota 4500GT * Vauxhall/Opel Calibra (new front-wheel drive coupe from

Vauxhall Vauxhall ( ) is a district in South West London, part of the London Borough of Lambeth, England. Vauxhall was part of Surrey until 1889 when the County of London was created. Named after a medieval manor, "Fox Hall", it became well known for ...

Opel Opel Automobile GmbH (), usually shortened to Opel, is a German automobile manufacturer which has been a subsidiary of Stellantis since 16 January 2021. It was owned by the American automaker General Motors from 1929 until 2017 and the PSA Grou ...

) *Zender Fact 4 Biturbo concept

1991

The following introductions were made at the 1991 show: * Audi Quattro Spyder concept *Zender Fact 4 Spider concept

1993

The following introductions were made at the 1993 show: *

Audi Space Frame Audi AG () is a German automotive manufacturer of luxury vehicles headquartered in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. As a subsidiary of its parent company, the Volkswagen Group, Audi produces vehicles in nine production facilities worldwide. The o ...

(ASF) concept *

Isdera Commendatore 112i The Isdera Commendatore 112i is a concept car conceived and developed by the German low volume automobile manufacturer Isdera. Introduced at the 1993 Frankfurt Motor Show, the 112i had a compact and sleek aerodynamic body work and was to be a su ...

1995

The 1995 show ran from 14 to 24 September. The following introductions were made at the 1995 show: *

BMW 5 Series The BMW 5 Series is an executive car manufactured and marketed by BMW since 1972, succeeding the New Class Sedans, and currently in its seventh generation. The 5 Series was initially available as a sedan, with a wagon/estate body style (marke ...

( E39) * Citroën Xantia Break (estate version of hatchback launched nearly three years earlier) * Lada 2110 (German introduction) * Mercedes-Benz E-Class ( W210 version) *

Mitsubishi Carisma The Mitsubishi Carisma was a large family car produced for the European market by Mitsubishi Motors from 1995 to 2004.Volvo The Volvo Group ( sv, Volvokoncernen; legally Aktiebolaget Volvo, shortened to AB Volvo, stylized as VOLVO) is a Swedish multinational manufacturing corporation headquartered in Gothenburg. While its core activity is the production, distributio ...

factory) *

Eco 3 * Opel Vectra (first version to use the Vectra nameplate for Vauxhall-branded models in the UK, replacing the

Cavalier The term Cavalier () was first used by Roundheads as a term of abuse for the wealthier royalist supporters of King Charles I and his son Charles II of England during the English Civil War, the Interregnum, and the Restoration (1642 – ). ...

name) *

Peugeot 406 The Peugeot 406 is a large family car that was produced by French automaker Peugeot Peugeot (, , ) is a French brand of automobiles owned by Stellantis. The family business that preceded the current Peugeot companies was founded in 1810, wi ...

Renault Mégane The Renault Mégane () is a small family car produced by the French car manufacturer Renault for model year 1996, and was the successor to the Renault 19. The Mégane has been offered in three- and five-door hatchback, saloon, coupé, conver ...

* SEAT Córdoba SX * Granvia * Volvo S40

1995 concept cars

* Audi TT Concept (entered production in 1998) *

Evidence *

Stadium *

Toyota Prius The is a car built by Toyota which has a hybrid drivetrain, combining an internal combustion engine with an electric motor. Initially offered as a four-door sedan, it has been produced only as a five-door liftback since 2003. In 2007, ...

Prototype (entered production in 1997, imported to Europe from 2000) *Zender Progetto Cinque * Lotus Elise

1997

The 1997 show ran from 11 to 21 September. The following introductions were made at the 1997 show: *

Alfa Romeo 156 The Alfa Romeo 156 (Type 932) is a compact executive car produced by the Italian automobile manufacturer Alfa Romeo. It was introduced at the 1997 Frankfurt Motor Show as the replacement for the Alfa Romeo 155. The 156 received a positive rec ...

(winner of the

award for 1998) * BMW C1 *

BMW Z3 The BMW Z3 is a range of two-seater sports cars which was produced from 1995 to 2002. The body styles of the range are: * 2-door roadster (E36/7 model code) * 2-door coupé (E36/8 model code) The Z3 was based on the E36 3 Series platform, whi ...

Coupe * Land Rover Freelander (new entry-level model in the

section of the Rover Group) * Mazda 626 Station Wagon * Mercedes-Benz A-Class (W168) *

Nissan Patrol The is a series of full-size SUVs manufactured by Nissan in Japan and sold throughout the world. The Patrol has been available as either a short-wheelbase (SWB) three-door or a long-wheelbase (LWB) five-door chassis since 1951. The LWB versio ...

* Opel Astra (entered production in early 1998) * Porsche 911 Carrera (996) * Rover 200 BRM * Smart Fortwo (pre-production) * Volkswagen Golf Mk4 *

Volvo V70 The Volvo V70 is an executive car manufactured and marketed by Volvo Cars from 1996 to 2016 across three generations. The name ''V70'' combines the letter ''V'', standing for ''versatility'', and ''70'', denoting relative platform size (i.e., a ...

1997 concept cars

*Audi Al₂ Concept that led to the 1999 Audi A2 *

Mini The Mini is a small, two-door, four-seat car, developed as ADO15, and produced by the British Motor Corporation (BMC) and its successors, from 1959 through 2000. Minus a brief hiatus, original Minis were built for four decades and sold during ...

Prototype (entered production in 2000 under BMW ownership) * Opel Zafira Concept (entered production just over a year later) * Peugeot 806 Runabout Concept * Proton Satria Cabriolet *Zender Escape 6

1999

The 1999 show opened on 16 September, and had nearly 1,200 exhibitors from 44 countries. The following introductions were made at the 1999 show: * Audi A2 *

BMW 328 The BMW 328 was a sports car offered by BMW from 1936 to 1940, with the body design credited to Peter Szymanowski, who became BMW chief of design after World War II (although technically the car was designed by Fritz Fiedler). Specifications ...

Touring (estate) *

BMW X5 (E53) The BMW E53 is the first generation BMW X5 mid-size luxury crossover SUV. The vehicle was the first SUV ever produced by BMW. It was produced between 1999 and 2006 and was replaced by the E70 X5. The E53 X5 was developed just after the acqui ...

(first SUV in BMW range) * BMW Z8 * Citroën Saxo (facelift) * Fiat Punto MK2 *

Ford Fiesta The Ford Fiesta is a supermini car marketed by Ford since 1976 over seven generations. Over the years, the Fiesta has mainly been developed and manufactured by Ford's European operations, and has been positioned below the Escort (later the ...

(facelift of 1995 model, itself a comprehensive facelift of the model first launched in 1989) * Honda Insight (Honda's first petrol-hybrid model) * Hyundai Accent MK2 * Mercedes-Benz A-Class Advantgarde (W168) *

Nissan Almera The Nissan Almera is a line of automobiles that has been manufactured by the Japanese car manufacturer Nissan since 1995. For its early generations, the Almera is a compact car (C-segment), essentially being the European export-market version ...

MK2 (first British-built version of the Almera) * Opel Speedster/

Vauxhall VX220 The Opel Speedster is a mid-engined, targa-topped, two-seat sports car sold by German automaker Opel and introduced in July 2000. It was built in both RHD and LHD versions at the Lotus Cars plant in Hethel, Norfolk, England. It was presented ...

(first two-seater sports car from Vauxhall/Opel, based on Lotus Elise chassis) * Peugeot 607 (new flagship saloon in Peugeot range) * Porsche 911 Turbo * Porsche Boxster S * Renault Avantime (luxury sporting coupe/MPV crossover; entered full production in 2001) * Saab 9-3 Aero * Saab 9-5 Aero *

SEAT León The SEAT León (), also spelled Leon in some other languages (named after the city of León, which also means "Lion" in Spanish), is a hatchback compact car built by the Spanish car manufacturer SEAT since October 1999.ETKA The first two Leó ...

Škoda Fabia The Škoda Fabia is a supermini car produced by Czech manufacturer Škoda Auto since 1999. It is the successor of the Škoda Felicia, which was discontinued in 2001. The Fabia was available in hatchback, estate (named Fabia Combi) and saloon ...

(Typ6Y) *

Volkswagen Polo The Volkswagen Polo is a supermini car ( B-segment) produced by the German car manufacturer Volkswagen since 1975. It is sold in Europe and other markets worldwide in hatchback, saloon, and estate variants throughout its production run. Histor ...

(facelift) VW Concept D (IAA 1999) 1

1999 concept cars

Bugatti 18/3 Chiron The Bugatti 18/3 Chiron is a 1999 concept car developed by French automobile manufacturer Bugatti Automobiles and designed by Fabrizio Giugiaro of Italdesign. Powered by a 6.3 L W18 engine, it is a 2-seater mid-engine coupé. The 18/3 Chir ...

* Citroën C6 Lignage (luxury saloon which was finally launched in 2005 as the Citroën C6) * Opel Omega V8.com (never reached full production) * Volkswagen Concept D (launched in 2002 as the

Volkswagen Phaeton The Volkswagen Phaeton ( ) (''Typ'' 3D) is a full-size luxury sedan/saloon manufactured by the German automobile manufacturer Volkswagen, described by Volkswagen as their "premium class" vehicle. Introduced at the 2002 Geneva Motor Show, th ...

) *Zender Thirty 7

2001

The 2001 show opened to international media on 11 September, with a series of concept and production vehicle debuts kicking off in the early morning. The following introductions were made at the 2001 show: *

GTA/Sportwagon GTA * Audi A4 Avant (estate) * Audi A4 Convertible * BMW 3 Series (facelift) *

BMW 7 Series The BMW 7 Series is a full-size luxury sedan manufactured and marketed by the German automaker BMW since 1977. It is the successor to the BMW E3 "New Six" sedan and is now in its seventh generation. The 7 Series is BMW's flagship car and is ...

Cadillac CTS The Cadillac CTS is an executive car that was manufactured and marketed by General Motors from 2003 until 2019 across three generations. Historically, it was priced similarly to cars on the compact luxury spectrum; but it has always been sized ...

Citroën C3 The Citroën C3 is a supermini car (B-segment) produced by Citroën since April 2002. It replaced the Citroën Saxo in the model line up, and is currently in its third generation. The third generation model made its appearance in June 2016, an ...

* Honda Jazz * Lamborghini Murciélago *

Mercedes-Benz SL-Class The Mercedes-Benz SL-Class (marketed as Mercedes-AMG SL since 2022) is a grand touring sports car manufactured by Mercedes-Benz since 1954. The designation ''SL'' derives from the German ''Sport-Leicht'' (English: Sport Light). Initially, th ...

(

R230 The R230 generation of the Mercedes-Benz SL-Class was introduced at the 2001 Frankfurt Motor Show and 2001 Bologna Motor Show, replacing the R129. The R230 underwent revisions in 2006 and 2008, and was superseded by the new SL-Class R231 in 201 ...

) * Opel Combo * Renault Avantime * Saab 9-5 (facelift) *

Škoda Superb The Škoda Superb is a large family car that has been produced by the Czech car manufacturer Škoda Auto since 2001. The first generation of the modern Superb, produced from 2001 to 2008, was based on the VW B5 PL45+ platform. The second gene ...

* Spyker C8 Laviolette *

Toyota Corolla The is a series of compact cars (formerly subcompact) manufactured and marketed globally by the Toyota Motor Corporation. Introduced in 1966, the Corolla was the best-selling car worldwide by 1974 and has been one of the best-selling cars in ...

Volvo S60 The Volvo Group ( sv, Volvokoncernen; legally Aktiebolaget Volvo, shortened to AB Volvo, stylized as VOLVO) is a Swedish multinational manufacturing corporation headquartered in Gothenburg. While its core activity is the production, distributio ...

2001 concept cars

* Audi Avantissimo *

Citroën C-Crosser The Citroën C-Crosser is a compact crossover SUV launched in July 2007, designed for the French manufacturer Citroën, and produced by Mitsubishi on the basis of the Outlander. The equivalent Peugeot badge engineered version was the 4007. It w ...

* Ford Fusion Concept *

Jaguar The jaguar (''Panthera onca'') is a large cat species and the only living member of the genus ''Panthera'' native to the Americas. With a body length of up to and a weight of up to , it is the largest cat species in the Americas and the th ...

R-Coupé * Hyundai Clix * Nissan mm.e *Nissan Crossbow *

Opel Frogster The Opel Frogster was a concept car built by Opel in 2001. It premièred at the September 2001 Frankfurt Motor Show. The Frogster could be transformed from a convertible to a roadster or a pickup truck by using a built in PDA, which was mounted ...

* Opel Signum2 concept * Peugeot 206 SW concept * Peugeot 307 SW concept * Renault Talisman * Saab 9-X *

SEAT Arosa The SEAT Arosa (''Typ'' 6H) is a city car that was manufactured by the Spanish automaker SEAT from 1997 to 2004. The model débuted in March 1997 at the Geneva Motor Show, while its facelifted version was presented in October 2000 at the Paris Mot ...

Racer *SEAT Arosa City Cruiser *

SEAT Tango The SEAT Tango roadster is a concept car presented at the 2001 Frankfurt Motor Show, designed by a team directed by Walter de Silva with the contribution of SEAT's chief of exterior design, Steve Lewis. Featuring a two-door two-seater roadster ...

Suzuki is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Minami-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan. Suzuki manufactures automobiles, motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), outboard marine engines, wheelchairs and a variety of other small internal co ...

GSX-R/4 *Volvo PCC 2 *Zender Straight 8 **Originally, the Opel Vectra C was due to début with the Saab 9-3, but in July 2001, it was announced that delays had forced

General Motors The General Motors Company (GM) is an American Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, United States. It is the largest automaker in the United States and ...

to postpone the introduction. Both cars were eventually introduced in March 2002, at the

Geneva Motor Show The Geneva International Motor Show is an annual auto show held in March in the Swiss city of Geneva. The show is hosted at the Palexpo, a convention centre located next to the Geneva Cointrin International Airport. The Salon is organised by t ...

2003

For the first time, the passenger car-only exhibition in Frankfurt broke the barrier of one million visitors. It featured 2,000 exhibitors from 42 countries. The following introductions were made at the 2003 show: *

Alfa Romeo 166 The Alfa Romeo 166 (Type 936) is an executive car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo, between 1996 and June 2007. The car was designed by Centro Stile Alfa Romeo, under the control of Walter de Silva, and was facelifted in September 20 ...

(facelift) *

Alpina B7 (E65) The Alpina B7 (E65) is the third generation of the high-performance BMW 7 Series manufactured by Alpina from 2004 to 2008. Based on the BMW 7 Series (E65), the B7 was officially introduced to the public at the 2003 Frankfurt Motor Show. The B7 w ...

(production version) * Alpina Roadster S *

Aston Martin DB9 The Aston Martin DB9 is a grand tourer produced by Aston Martin. Available both in coupé and a convertible bodystyles, the latter being known as the Volante, the DB9 was the successor to the DB7. It was first shown at the 2003 Frankfurt ...

Citroën C2 The Citroën C2 is a supermini that was produced by the French manufacturer Citroën, with production starting August 2003. It replaced the Citroën Saxo and was built at the Aulnay plant, on the outskirts of Paris. The Citroën C2 was discontin ...

* BMW 6 Series * BMW X3 * Daewoo Lacetti * Jaguar X-Type Estate * Kia Picanto * Land Rover Freelander (facelift) * Lexus LS430 * Maserati Quattroporte * Mazda3 *

Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren The Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren (C199 / R199 / Z199) is a grand tourer jointly developed by German automotive manufacturer Mercedes-Benz and British automobile manufacturer McLaren Automotive and sold from 2003 to 2009. When the car was develope ...

* Mitsubishi Outlander * Opel Astra * Opel Vectra Caravan (estate) * Porsche Carrera GT * SEAT Altea *

Volkswagen Golf Mk5 The Volkswagen Golf Mk5 (codenamed ''Typ 1K'') is a compact car/ small family car manufactured and marketed by Volkswagen, as the fifth generation of the Golf in three- or five-door hatchback (August 2003–2008) and a five-door station wago ...

Volkswagen Sharan The Volkswagen Sharan is a seven-seater minivan that was produced by the German Volkswagen Group and built at the AutoEuropa plant in Palmela, Portugal, with a front-wheel-drive version across two generations, from 1995 to 2022. Through badge engi ...

(facelift) * Volvo S40 Porsche 996 GT3 RS

2003 concept cars

*Citroën C-Airlounge * Ford Visos * Ford Focus Station Wagon Restyling (2003) *

Lancia Fulvia The Lancia Fulvia (Tipo 818) is an automobile produced by Lancia between 1963 and 1976. Named after Via Fulvia, the Roman road leading from Tortona to Turin, it was introduced at the Geneva Motor Show in 1963 and manufactured in three variants: ...

Coupé Concept *Mazda Kusabi * Mitsubishi i *Nissan Dunehawk * Opel Insignia Concept * Peugeot 407 Elixir * Renault Be Bop * Saab 9-3 Sport Hatch *SEAT Altea Prototipo * Škoda Roomster *Suzuki Concept S2 * Toyota CS&S *

Volkswagen Concept R The Volkswagen Concept R is a concept car developed by the German automaker Volkswagen and officially unveiled at the September 2003 Frankfurt Auto Show. It is a study of a sporty two seat roadster, with mid-engine and rear wheel drive. The Conc ...

2005

The exhibition focused strongly on future solutions such as hybrid,

hydrogen Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Hydrogen is the lightest element. At standard conditions hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules having the formula . It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-to ...

, flex-fuel and SCR technologies for reducing NOx emissions. There were around 940,000 visitors to the 2005 show. The following introductions were made at the 2005 show: * Audi Q7 *

Audi S6 The Audi S6 is the performance variant of the Audi A6, an executive car produced by German automaker Audi. It went on sale in 1994, shortly after the "A6" designation was introduced, replacing the "100" nameplate. The original S6 was largely the ...

* Bentley Azure * Bufori MKIII La Joya * Chevrolet Aveo sedan * Daimler Super Eight * Fiat Grande Punto * Ford Galaxy *

Hyundai Getz The Hyundai Getz is a supermini manufactured and marketed by Hyundai from 2002 to 2011 in three and five-door hatchback body styles over a single generation — and marketed globally except in the United States, Canada and China. The Getz w ...

(facelift) *

Honda Civic The is a series of automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1972. Since 2000, the Civic has been categorized as a compact car, while previously it occupied the subcompact class. , the Civic is positioned between the Honda Fit/City and Honda A ...

* Jaguar XK *

Lamborghini Gallardo Spyder The Lamborghini Gallardo (; ) is a sports car built by the Italian automotive manufacturer Lamborghini from 2003 to 2013. It is Lamborghini's second car released under parent company Audi, and best-selling model with 14,022 built throughout its ...

* Mercedes-Benz S-Class ( W221) * Nissan Micra C+C * Opel Vectra C (facelift) * Opel Signum (facelift) * Opel Astra TwinTop *2005 Peugeot 307 (facelift) *2006 Peugeot 407 Coupé *2006

Porsche Cayman Cayman may refer to * Cayman Islands, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom ** Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, or Little Cayman, three islands that are part of the Cayman Islands * , a British frigate in service with the Royal Navy from 1944 to 19 ...

* 2007 Renault Clio * Renault Egeus * 2006 Saab 9-5 * 2006

* Toyota Rav-4 * 2007

Toyota Yaris The is a supermini/ subcompact car sold by Toyota since 1999, replacing the Starlet and Tercel. Up to 2019, Toyota had used the Yaris nameplate on export versions of various Japanese-market models, with some markets receiving the same vehi ...

* Volkswagen Eos * Volkswagen Golf R32 * 2006 Volvo C70

2005 concept cars

* BMW Z4 Coupé * Citroën C-SportLounge * Ford Iosis * Daihatsu HVS * EDAG Roadster * Fenomenon Stratos *

Ford SYNus The Ford SYNus is a concept car produced by Ford and created by the Spanish designer Jose Paris (exterior design) and Joe Baker (interior). The SYNus debuted at the 2005 North American International Auto Show. The unusual name, which is pronounc ...

* Jeep Compass * Jeep Patriot * Karmann SUC * Maybach Exelero * Mazda Sassou * Mercedes-Benz Vision R 63 AMG * Mini Traveller *

Opel Antara The Opel Antara is a compact crossover SUV which was marketed by Opel from 2006 to 2015. Based on the Theta platform, the Antara closely shared its underpinnings and powertrains with the Chevrolet Captiva. However, it only offered five seats ...

GTC * Peugeot 20Cup *

Peugeot Moovie The Peugeot Moovie is a 2-door city car concept revealed by French automobile manufacturer Peugeot at the 2005 International Motor Show Germany as the winner of the 2004 Peugeot Concours Design competition. Overview The Peugeot Moovie concept w ...

* Renault Egeus * Smart Crosstown *

Toyota Endo is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 ...

Toyota i-unit The i-unit is an ultra-compact single seater four wheeled Toyota concept car. It debuted at the World Expo 2005, held in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. The vehicle is a cross between a microcar, a motorcycle, and a vehicular exoskeleton. The goal ...

* Mitsubishi Concept Sportback

2007

The 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show's key theme was sustainable mobility. The following introductions were presented at the 2007 show: * Aston Martin DBS * Aston Martin V8 Vantage N400 * Aston Martin DB9 LM * Audi A4 * Audi RS6 *

Audi A8 The Audi A8 is a full-size luxury sedan manufactured and marketed by the German automaker Audi Audi AG () is a German automotive manufacturer of luxury vehicles headquartered in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. As a subsidiary of its paren ...

facelift * Bentley Continental GT Speed facelift+power upgrade * BMW 1 Series coupé * BMW 6 Series facelift *

coupé * BMW X6 * Cadillac BLS Wagon * Citroën C-Airscape * Chevrolet Aveo hatchback * Dodge Journey *

Ferrari 430 Scuderia The Ferrari F430 (Type F131) is a sports car produced by the Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari from 2004 until 2009 as a successor to the Ferrari 360. The car is an update to the 360 with exterior and performance changes. It was unveiled ...

* Ford Focus (facelift) * Ford Kuga * Ford Verve concept – preview of 2008

* Jaguar XF * Jonway UFO *

Kia Kee Kia Corporation, commonly known as Kia (, ; formerly known as Kyungsung Precision Industry and Kia Motors Corporation), is a South Korean multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. It is South Korea's second lar ...

concept * Kia Eco Cee'd concept * Kia Pro Cee'd * Lamborghini Reventón * Martin Motors CEO * Mazda 6 * Maybach 62S *

Mercedes-Benz F700 The Mercedes-Benz F700 is a concept car produced by Mercedes-Benz in 2007. It was first revealed to the public at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show. It was given as a gift to UAE President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. DiesOtto engine The F700 is p ...

concept * Mercedes-Benz ML450 Bluetec Hybrid * Mercedes-Benz S400 Bluetec * Mini Clubman *

Opel Agila The Opel Agila (from Lat. ''agilis'', "agile") is a city car marketed under the German marque Opel from 2000 to 2014, as a rebadged variant of the Suzuki Wagon R+ (first generation) and the Suzuki Splash (second generation). It has been marke ...

* Peugeot 207 SW (estate) * Peugeot 308 * Porsche 911 GT2 Model 997 * Porsche Cayenne GTS * Renault Clio Estate *

Renault Laguna The Renault Laguna is a large family car that was manufactured and marketed by Renault for 21 years in three body styles: hatchback, coupé, and estate. The first generation Laguna was launched in 1994, the second generation was introduced in 200 ...

(new generation) * Saab 9-3 Turbo-X XWD a.k.a. Black Turbo. * SEAT Tribu * Subaru flat-4 turbodiesel engine. *

Suzuki Splash The Suzuki Splash is a city car that was introduced to the market in 2008. It was jointly developed by Suzuki Motor Corporation and Opel GmbH, which market their version under the name of Agila. Its debut as a concept car took place at the 200 ...

Combi (new generation) * Volkswagen up! concept *

Wiesmann Wiesmann GmbH is a German automobile manufacturer that specializes in hand-built custom convertibles and coupes. The company, which has its factory in Dülmen, was founded by brothers, engineer Martin Wiesmann and businessman Friedhelm Wiesma ...

GT MF5 (

GT with the BMW M5 E60 S85 V10 engine)

Hybrids

European automakers demonstrated a new interest in hybrid and electric vehicles at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show. For example, Mercedes-Benz arrived at the show with seven hybrids, including a luxury sedan concept vehicle called the F 700, a -long car that achieves a fuel economy of 44.4 miles per gallon (mpg). The research vehicle features a homogenous charge compression ignition engine, a technology that produces the high fuel economy of a diesel engine from a clean-burning gasoline engine. Mercedes has also mated its clean-diesel engine to an electric motor, creating the Bluetec hybrid. The company plans to introduce a gasoline-fueled hybrid SUV and sedan in 2009, followed by two Bluetec hybrids in 2010, one of which will achieve 51 miles per gallon of diesel fuel. In addition, the Mercedes Car Group exhibited its smart car in three new incarnations: an electric-only vehicle and both diesel and gasoline versions with "micro hybrid drive", a belt-driven starter and alternator that allows the engine to shut off at stops. See the DaimlerChrysler press releases about the auto show and the F700.

, a subsidiary of

, unveiled the Flextreme, a

plug-in hybrid A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid electric vehicle whose battery pack can be recharged by plugging a charging cable into an external electric power source, in addition to internally by its on-board internal combustion engin ...

that can travel on its

lithium-ion battery A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery which uses the reversible reduction of lithium ions to store energy. It is the predominant battery type used in portable consumer electronics and electric vehicles. It also s ...

before a small diesel engine starts charging the battery. Opel also unveiled the Corsa Hybrid, a coupe that combines a belt-driven starter and alternator with a lithium-ion battery. Volvo Cars, a division of

Ford Motor Company Ford Motor Company (commonly known as Ford) is an American multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobi ...

, exhibited a plug-in hybrid with motors in each of the wheels. The Volvo ReCharge can travel about on battery power alone, using a

lithium-polymer battery A lithium polymer battery, or more correctly lithium-ion polymer battery (abbreviated as LiPo, LIP, Li-poly, lithium-poly and others), is a rechargeable battery of lithium-ion battery, lithium-ion technology using a polymer electrolyte instead o ...

pack that can be recharged in a standard outlet. The

Citroën C-Cactus Citroën () is a French automobile brand. The "Automobiles Citroën" manufacturing company was founded in March 1919 by André Citroën. Citroën is owned by Stellantis since 2021 and previously was part of the PSA Group after Peugeot acquired ...

regular diesel-electric

hybrid vehicle A hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of power, such as submarines that use diesel when surfaced and batteries when submerged. Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids. The basic princi ...

debuted at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show.

2009

The theme of the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show can best be summed up in one word: "

electrification Electrification is the process of powering by electricity and, in many contexts, the introduction of such power by changing over from an earlier power source. The broad meaning of the term, such as in the history of technology, economic histo ...

." Virtually every manufacturer has unveiled a vehicle using the latest battery technology. The following introductions were presented at the 2009 show:

Production cars

* Alfa Romeo MiTo Quadrifoglio Verde *

Aston Martin Rapide The Aston Martin Rapide is a 4-door, 4-seater, high-performance sports saloon, which the British luxury marque Aston Martin introduced in early 2010. It was first presented as a concept car at the North American International Auto Show in 2006 ...

*2010 Audi A5 Sportback *2010 Audi R8 Spyder *2010 Bentley Mulsanne *2010 BMW 5 Series Gran Turismo *2010 BMW 740d *2010

BMW X1 The BMW X1 is a line of subcompact luxury crossovers produced by BMW. Debuted in 2009, the first-generation X1 has been based on the E90 3 Series and offers rear-wheel drive layout as standard. At its introduction, it was positioned as the sm ...

*2010 BMW ActiveHybrid X6 *2010 BMW ActiveHybrid 7 *

Citroën DS3 The DS 3 (formerly known as Citroën DS3 and DS 3 Crossback) is a luxury supermini initially produced by the French automobile manufacturer Citroën and officially launched in January 2010. This was the first and entry-level model from the DS ...

*2010 Dodge Caliber *2010 Ferrari 458 Italia * Fiat 500 Abarth by Ferrari * Fiat Punto Evo * Fiat Qubo Treking *2011

Ford C-Max The Ford C-Max (stylized as Ford C-MAX and previously called the Ford Focus C-Max) is a car produced by the Ford Motor Company from 2003 to 2019. It has a five-door compact multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) design. The Ford Grand C-Max has a longer wh ...

*2011 Ford Grand C-Max * G-Wix electric cars *2010

Honda CR-V The Honda CR-V (also sold as the Honda Breeze in China since 2019) is a compact crossover SUV manufactured by the Japanese automaker Honda since 1995. The early model was built using the same platform as the Civic. Honda began producing the ...

*2010 Hyundai i10 Electric *2010 Hyundai ix35 *

Hyundai Santa Fe The Hyundai Santa Fe ( ko, 현대 싼타페) is a sport utility vehicle (SUV) produced by the South Korean manufacturer Hyundai since 2000. It is named after the city of Santa Fe, New Mexico, and was introduced for the 2001 model year as Hyunda ...

*2010

Jaguar XJ The Jaguar XJ is a series of full-size luxury cars produced by British automobile manufacturer Jaguar Cars (becoming Jaguar Land Rover in 2013) from 1968 to 2019. It was produced across five basic platform generations (debuting in 1968, 1986, 1 ...

*2010 Koenigsegg CCXR Trevita *2010

Kia Cee'd The Kia Ceed (known as the Kia cee'd before 2018) is a compact car produced by the South Korean manufacturer Kia since 2006 exclusively for the European market. The Ceed was first unveiled on 28 September 2006 at the Paris Motor Show. In mid-2007, ...

(facelift) *2010

Kia Venga The Kia Venga is a car manufactured by Kia for the European market across a single generation (2009–2019) with a five-door, five passenger, front-engine, front-wheel-drive, high-roof mini MPV (compact minivan) design. The Venga was styled by Gre ...

*2010 Kia Sorento * Kia Forte LPI Hybrid (European introduction) *

Kia cee'd The Kia Ceed (known as the Kia cee'd before 2018) is a compact car produced by the South Korean manufacturer Kia since 2006 exclusively for the European market. The Ceed was first unveiled on 28 September 2006 at the Paris Motor Show. In mid-2007, ...

Hybrid * Kia Sorento Hybrid * Kia Venga MPV *2010 Lamborghini Reventón Roadster * Lexus IS-F sport package * Lotus Elise Club Racer *

Lotus Evora The Lotus Evora is a sports car produced by British car manufacturer Lotus. The car, which was developed under the project name ''Project Eagle'', was launched on 22 July 2008 at the British International Motor Show. The Evora S was launched i ...

Club Racer * 2011

Maserati GranCabrio The Maserati GranTurismo and GranCabrio are a series of a grand tourers produced by the Italian automobile manufacturer Maserati. They succeeded the 2-door V8 grand tourers offered by the company, the Maserati Coupé, and Spyder. GranTurismo I ( ...

* Mazda CX-7 *2010 Mercedes-Benz E-Class Estate *2010 Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG *2010 Opel Astra *2010 Peugeot RCZ *2010 Peugeot 5008 *2011

Peugeot iOn The Mitsubishi i-MiEV (MiEV is an acronym for ''Mitsubishi innovative Electric Vehicle'') is a five-door hatchback electric car produced in the 2010s by Mitsubishi Motors, and is the electric version of the Mitsubishi i. Rebadged variants of t ...

*2010

Porsche 911 The Porsche 911 (pronounced ''Nine Eleven'' or in german: Neunelfer) is a two-door 2+2 high performance rear-engined sports car introduced in September 1964 by Porsche AG of Stuttgart, Germany. It has a rear-mounted flat-six engine and ori ...

Sport Classic & Turbo *2010

Porsche 911 GT3 The Porsche 911 GT3 is a high-performance homologation model of the Porsche 911 sports car. It is a line of high-performance models, which began with the 1973 911 Carrera RS. The GT3 has had a successful racing career in the one-make national ...

Cup & RS *2010

Porsche Panamera The Porsche Panamera is a mid/full-sized luxury car (E-segment/F-segment in Europe) manufactured and marketed by German automobile manufacturer Porsche across two generations using a front-engine, rear or all-wheel drive configuration. Pors ...

(European introduction) * Range Rover Sport *2010 REVA NXR and NXG * Rolls-Royce Ghost *2010 Saab 9-5 * SEAT León Cupra R *

Estate *2010

Subaru Legacy The is a mid-size car built by Japanese automobile manufacturer Subaru since 1989. The maker's flagship car, it is unique in its class for offering all-wheel drive as a standard feature, and Subaru's traditional boxer engine. The Legacy was sol ...

(European introduction) *2010 Subaru Outback (European introduction) *2010

Toyota Land Cruiser The (also sometimes spelled as LandCruiser) is a series of four-wheel drive vehicles produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota. It is Toyota's longest running series of models. , the sales of the Land Cruiser totalled more than ...

*2010

Volkswagen California The Volkswagen California is a campervan based on the mid-sized Transporter panel van, developed by Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles (VWCV) and sold since 2003. It is the first campervan designed and built in-house by VWCV Special Business Unit, a ...

*2010 Volkswagen Caravelle *2010 Volkswagen Golf BlueMotion *2010 Volkswagen Passat BlueMotion *2010

3dr and GTI *2010 Volkswagen Polo BlueMotion *2010 Volkswagen Golf R *2010

Volkswagen Transporter The Volkswagen Transporter, based on the Volkswagen Group's T platform, now in its seventh generation, refers to a series of vans produced for over 70 years and marketed worldwide. The T series is now considered an official Volkswagen Group aut ...

*2011 Volvo C30 *2011 Volvo C70 *2010

Volvo XC60 The Volvo XC60 is a compact luxury crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2008. The XC60 is part of Volvo's 60 Series of automobiles, along with the S60, S60 Cross Country, V60, and V60 Cross Country. ...

R-Design

2009 concept cars

* Audi e-Tron *

BMW Vision Efficient Dynamics The BMW i8 is a plug-in hybrid sports car developed by BMW. The i8 was part of BMW's electrified fleet and was marketed under the BMW i sub-brand. The production version of the BMW i8 was unveiled at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show and was relea ...

Bugatti 16C Galibier The Bugatti 16C Galibier is a luxury 5-door fastback concept car built by Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S. It was unveiled at an invitation-only show held at the Molsheim, France assembly salon on September 12, 2009. The 16C Galibier was to use a fron ...

(previous called Bugatti Bordeaux) * Citroën Revolte *

Hyundai ix Metro Hyundai is a South Korean industrial conglomerate (" chaebol"), which was restructured into the following groups: * Hyundai Group, parts of the former conglomerate which have not been divested ** Hyundai Mobis, Korean car parts company ** Hyundai ...

* Lexus LF-Ch * Mazda MX-5 Superlight * Mercedes-Benz Vision S 500 Plug-in Hybrid * Mini Coupé and Roadster * Peugeot BB1 *

Renault Fluence The Renault Fluence is a compact sedan produced by the French automaker Renault. The car was produced until 2016 at the Oyak-Renault plant in Bursa, Turkey. It was produced until the end of 2018 in Santa Isabel, Argentina, for the Latin Ameri ...

Z.E. * Renault Kangoo Z.E. * Renault Twizy Z.E. *

Renault Zoe The Renault Zoe (stylized as ZOE and pronounced as "Zoey"), known as Renault Zoe E-Tech Electric since 2021, is a five-door supermini electric car produced by the French manufacturer Renault. Renault originally unveiled, under the Zoe name, a ...

Z.E. * SEAT Ibz concept *

Tesla Model S The Tesla Model S is a battery-powered liftback car serving as the flagship model of Tesla, Inc. The Model S features a dual-motor, all-wheel drive layout, although earlier versions of the Model S featured a rear-motor and rear-wheel drive ...

* Trabant nT * Toyota Auris HSD Full Hybrid Concept *

Toyota iQ Sport is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 ...

Toyota Prius Plug-In Hybrid Concept is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 ...

* Volkswagen E-Up *

Volkswagen L1 The Volkswagen XL1 (VW 1-litre) is a two-person limited production diesel-powered plug-in hybrid produced by Volkswagen. The XL1 car was designed to be able to travel 100 km on 1 litre of diesel (), while being both roadworthy and practi ...

2011

The 2011 show was held from 13 to 25 September. The 64th edition of the show included 1,012 exhibitors from 32 countries and was attended by more than 928,000 visitors from 105 countries, 36% of them being trade visitors, among those 80% from the automotive industry, plus more than 12'000 accredited journalists from 98 countries. 183 world premieres were unveiled.

Production cars

*2012

Abarth Abarth & C. S.p.A. () is an Italian racing and road car maker and performance division founded by Italo-Austrian Carlo Abarth in 1949. Abarth & C. S.p.A. is owned by Stellantis through its Italian subsidiary. Its logo is a shield with a styliz ...

695 Competizione *2012 Alfa Romeo MiTo 0.9 TwinAir 85 *2011 Alpina B6 Biturbo cabriolet *2012 Aston Martin DBS Carbon Edition *2012 Audi A5/ S5 (facelift) *2012

*2012

Audi S7 The Audi A7 is an executive luxury four-door coupé produced by Audi since 2010. A five-door liftback (also available as a three-box, four-door saloon in China since 2021), it features a sloping roofline with a steeply raked rear window and int ...

*2012

Audi S8 The Audi S8 is a full-size luxury car of the Audi S models produced by the German automaker Audi AG, manufactured by Audi Sport GmbH at the Neckarsulm plant. The S8 is the mechanically-upgraded, high-performance version of the Audi A8, fitte ...

*2012 Audi R8 GT Spyder *2012

Bentley Continental GTC Bentley Motors Limited is a British designer, manufacturer and marketer of luxury cars and SUVs. Headquartered in Crewe, England, the company was founded as Bentley Motors Limited by W. O. Bentley (1888–1971) in 1919 in Cricklewood, North ...

*2012 BMW 1 *2012 BMW M5 *2012 Chevrolet Camaro (European version) *2012 Chevrolet Malibu (European version) *2012 Citroën DS5 *2012 Ferrari 458 Spider *2012 Fiat Panda *2012

ECOnetic *2012 Ford Focus ST (production version) *2011

(European version) *2012 Hyundai i30 *2012 Jaguar XF *2012

Jeep Wrangler The Jeep Wrangler is a series of compact and mid-size four-wheel drive off-road SUVs manufactured by Jeep since 1986 and is currently in its fourth generation. The Wrangler JL, the most recent generation, was revealed in late 2017 and is produ ...

3.6 V6 * Kia K9 *2012 Kia Rio 3-door *2012 Lamborghini Gallardo LP570-4 *2012 Lancia Flavia Cabrio *2012 Lancia Thema *2012

Lancia Voyager Voyager may refer to: Computing and communications * LG Voyager, a mobile phone model manufactured by LG Electronics * NCR Voyager, a computer platform produced by NCR Corporation * Voyager (computer worm), a computer worm affecting Oracle ...

*2013

Lexus GS 350 The is an executive car sold by Lexus, the premium division of Toyota. The same car had been launched in 1991 as the Toyota Aristo in Japan. For non-Japanese markets, it was released as the Lexus GS in February 1993. It continued using the Toyot ...

*2013

Lotus Exige S The Lotus Exige is a British two-door, two-seat sports car made by Lotus Cars since 2000. Originally a more-hardcore coupé version of the Lotus Elise roadster, since the Series 3 the Exige has been the larger-engined model of the family - ...

*2012 Mazda CX-5 *2012

Mercedes-Benz B-Class The Mercedes-Benz B-Class is a subcompact executive car manufactured and marketed by Mercedes-Benz since 2005. Based on the A-Class with larger dimensions, the European New Car Assessment Programme ( Euro NCAP) classifies it as a small MPV. As ...

Mia electric Mia Electric was a French electric car manufacturer in the 2010s. The company, based in Cerizay, France, designed and built electric vehicles made totally in France. The Mia was the company's first all-electric model on the market. The car has a ...

* Mini Coupé *2012 Opel/Vauxhall Astra GTC *2012 Opel/Vauxhall Combo *2012 Opel/Vauxhall Zafira Tourer *2012 Peugeot 508 RXH Diesel Hybrid *2012

Carrera *2011 Radical Sportscars SR3 SL *2012

Renault Koleos The Renault Koleos is a compact crossover SUV manufactured by the French manufacturer Renault. The majority of the production is coming from the Busan plant of Renault Samsung Motors. The first generation was marketed as the Renault Samsung QM5 a ...

(facelift) *2012

Renault Twingo The Renault Twingo is a four-seater passenger city car manufactured and marketed by the French auto-maker Renault, introduced in 1992 and currently in its third generation. The first generation Twingo (two door, front engine) debuted at the P ...

(facelift) *2012

SEAT Exeo The SEAT Exeo () is a large family car and flagship model, that was built by the Spanish car manufacturer SEAT, subsidiary of the Volkswagen Group. Previously codenamed ''Bolero'', (though not to be confused with SEAT's earlier concept car bea ...

(facelift) *2012 smart fortwo electric *2012

Subaru XV The (also known as the Subaru XV until 2022) is a subcompact crossover SUV produced by Subaru since 2012. It is a successor to the Outback Sport in the US and Canada, and the Impreza XV globally. Like the Outback Sport, the Crosstrek is a lifte ...

*2012

Suzuki Swift The is a supermini car ( B-segment) produced by Suzuki. The vehicle is classified as a B-segment marque in the European single market, a segment referred to as a supermini in the British Isles. Prior to this, the "Swift" nameplate had been a ...

Sport *2012 Toyota Avensis (facelift) *2012 Toyota Prius+ (European version) *2012

*2012 Volkswagen up! *Yo-Mobil

2011 concept cars

* Alfa Romeo 4C * Audi A2 Concept * Audi Urban Concept * Audi Urban Spyder Concept *

BMW i3 The BMW i3 is a B-segment, high-roof hatchback manufactured and marketed by BMW with an electric powertrain using rear-wheel drive via a single-speed transmission and an underfloor lithium-ion battery pack and an optional range-extending pe ...

* BMW i8 *

Chevrolet Miray The Chevrolet Miray (Korean for "future") was a concept car designed, branded, and built by Chevrolet. Introduced at the 2011 Seoul Motor Show, the car shows a “mid-electric” concept. Design Exterior The exterior of the Miray is made of c ...

* Citroën Tubik *

Eterniti Motors Eterniti Motors was a short-lived British company founded in 2010 and placed in administration in January 2014. It unveiled its first and only car, the Hemera, at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show. In 2012 the Hemera was shown in China at the Beiji ...

Hemera * Fisker Surf *

Ford Evos The Ford Evos is a low-slung mid-size crossover SUV produced by Ford through Changan Ford joint venture in China since 2021. The vehicle debuted at Auto Shanghai in China in April 2021. History Developed largely by a China-based team of Ford ...

Ford Fiesta ST The Ford Fiesta is a supermini car marketed by Ford since 1976 over seven generations. Over the years, the Fiesta has mainly been developed and manufactured by Ford's European operations, and has been positioned below the Escort (later the ...

Concept * Infiniti FX Sebastian Vettel Concept *

Jaguar C-X16 The Jaguar C-X16 is a concept hybrid electric sports car that was unveiled by Jaguar Cars at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show on 13 September. In April 2012, Jaguar announced that they will be manufacturing a new sports car based on the Jaguar C-X ...

Kia GT Concept The Kia GT Concept is a concept car manufactured by Kia Motors. The car was revealed in 2011. Description Unveiled at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show, the GT Concept is a 4-door, rear-wheel-drive sedan featuring suicide doors and a 3.3-litre t ...

* Land Rover DC100 * Maserati Kubang *

E-CELL Plus Concept * Mercedes-Benz F125 * Mitsubishi PX-MiEV * Opel RAK e * Peugeot HX1 * Renault Frendzy Electric Concept * Rimac Concept One Electric Supercar * SEAT IBL * Skoda Mission L *

Smart forvision Smart or SMART may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Smart'' (Hey! Say! JUMP album), 2014 * Smart (Hotels.com), former mascot of Hotels.com * ''Smart'' (Sleeper album), 1995 debut album by Sleeper * ''SMart'', a children's television ser ...

* SsangYong XUV-1 *

Volkswagen Beetle The Volkswagen Beetle—officially the Volkswagen Type 1, informally in German (meaning "beetle"), in parts of the English-speaking world the Bug, and known by many other nicknames in other languages—is a two-door, rear-engine economy car, ...

R Concept * Volkswagen Buggy up! * Volkswagen Nils *

Volvo Concept You The Volvo Concept You is a concept car unveiled by Volvo at the 2011 Shanghai Auto Show. The Concept You is an executive car with a four-door fastback saloon styling and is a development of the Volvo Concept Universe, which was revealed earlie ...

2013

The 2013 show took place from 10 to 22 September.

Nissan , trading as Nissan Motor Corporation and often shortened to Nissan, is a Japanese multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan. The company sells its vehicles under the Nissan, Infiniti, and Datsun bra ...

introduced a "smart watch" that measures the user's heart rate, temperature and other biometrics. It is also able to keep a watch on car data like fuel efficiency and average speed. It was developed by Nissan's Nismo laboratory. They currently capture live biometric and

telematics Telematics is an interdisciplinary field encompassing telecommunications, vehicular technologies ( road transport, road safety, etc.), electrical engineering (sensors, instrumentation, wireless communications, etc.), and computer science (multime ...

data from Nissan racing cars and their drivers.

Production cars

595 50 Anniversario *

695 Tributo Maserati * 2014 Alfa Romeo Giulietta * Alfa Romeo MiTo *

Aston Martin Vanquish The Aston Martin Vanquish is a high-performance grand tourer introduced by British luxury automobile manufacturer Aston Martin in 2001 as a successor to the Aston Martin Vantage (1993). The Aston Martin "V12 Vanquish," designed by Ian Callum ...

Volante * Audi A8/S8 * Audi A3/S3 Cabriolet * Audi A3 Ultra * Bentley Continental GT V8 S *

* BMW X5 (F15) *

* BMW i8 * BMW 4 Coupé * Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse Jean Bugatti * Caterham Seven 165 * 2014

Chevrolet Cruze The Chevrolet Cruze is a compact car that is produced by General Motors since 2008. It was designated as a globally developed, designed, and manufactured four-door compact sedan, complemented by a five-door hatchback body variant from 2011, and ...

* Chevrolet Camaro * Citroën Grand C4 Picasso *

Cabrio Racing * Dacia Duster * Ferrari 458 Speciale * Fiat Panda 4x4 Antartica * Fiat 500C GQ * Ford Focus EcoBoost *

Tourer * Hyundai i10 * Jaguar XJ/XJR * Jeep Wrangler Polar * Kia Optima (facelift) *

Kia Soul The Kia Soul is a subcompact crossover SUV manufactured and marketed worldwide by Kia, currently in its third generation. Designed at Kia's design center in California, the Soul debuted at the 2008 Paris Motor Show and is manufactured in South ...

(European introduction) * Lamborghini Gallardo LP570-4 Squadra Corse * Lancia Voyager S * 2014 Lancia Delta *

* Lexus GS 300h * Maserati Ghibli * 2014 Mazda3 * Mercedes-Benz S63 AMG (W222) * Mercedes-Benz S 500 Plug-in Hybrid *

Mercedes-Benz GLA-Class The Mercedes-Benz GLA is a subcompact luxury crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Mercedes-Benz over two generations. It is essentially the SUV equivalent of the A-Class, and the smallest SUV marketed by the brand. The production version ...

(European facelift) *2014 Nissan X-Trail *

Opel Adam The Opel Adam is a city car engineered and produced by the German car manufacturer Opel, and is named after the company's founder Adam Opel. It was sold under the Vauxhall marque in the United Kingdom. It was launched in France at the 2012 Par ...

White & Black Link *2014 Opel Insignia facelift & Country Tourer * Peugeot 308 * Peugeot 3008 (facelift) * Peugeot RCZ R *

Porsche 918 The Porsche 918 Spyder is a limited-production mid-engine plug-in hybrid sports car manufactured by German automobile manufacturer Porsche. The 918 Spyder is powered by a naturally aspirated V8 engine, developing at 8,700RPM, with two electric ...

Spyder *

Turbo/Turbo S *

(facelift) * Renault Latitude *

(facelift) *

SEAT Leon A seat is a place to sit. The term may encompass additional features, such as back, armrest, head restraint but also headquarters in a wider sense. Types of seat The following are examples of different kinds of seat: * Armchair, a chair ...

ST *

Škoda Octavia The Škoda Octavia is a small family car produced by the Czech car manufacturer Škoda Auto since the end of 1996. It shares its name with an earlier model produced between 1959 and 1971. Four generations of the modern-era Octavia model hav ...

vRS * Škoda Rapid Spaceback * 2014

Škoda Yeti The Škoda Yeti (codenamed ''Typ'' 5L)ETKA, accessed 27 January 2010 is a compact crossover SUV produced by the Czech car manufacturer Škoda Auto and introduced at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show, as the carmaker's first entry into the SUV market. ...

facelift *

Sport * Volkswagen e-Up! *

Seat Leon ST A seat is a place to sit. The term may encompass additional features, such as back, armrest, head restraint but also headquarters in a wider sense. Types of seat The following are examples of different kinds of seat: * Armchair, a chair eq ...

* Volkswagen e-Golf *

Volkswagen Golf R The Volkswagen Golf (Mk7) is a small family car (C-segment) produced by German automobile manufacturer Volkswagen, as the seventh generation of the Golf and the successor to the Golf Mk6. It was introduced in Berlin on 4 September 2012, before ...

2013 concept cars

Audi Audi AG () is a German automotive manufacturer of luxury vehicles headquartered in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany. As a subsidiary of its parent company, the Volkswagen Group, Audi produces vehicles in nine production facilities worldwide. ...

Nanuk Quattro *

Sport Quattro *

Cadillac Elmiraj The Cadillac Elmiraj is a concept car created by Cadillac and unveiled at the 2013 Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance on August 15, 2013. It continues the development begun by the Cadillac Ciel concept car. It was named for the Elmira, New York, a ...

* Citroën Cactus Concept * Ford S-Max *

Ford Mondeo The Ford Mondeo is a large family car manufactured by Ford since 1993. The first Ford model declared as a " world car", the Mondeo was intended to consolidate several Ford model lines worldwide (the European Sierra, the Telstar in Asia and Aus ...

Vignale Concept * Infiniti Q30 *

Jaguar C-X17 The Jaguar C-X17 is a concept crossover SUV designed by Jaguar Land Rover and unveiled at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show. It is the first ever Jaguar crossover SUV. It was expected that the C-X17 concept would evolve into a production model, ...

* Kia Niro * Lexus LF-NX * Mercedes-Benz S-Class Coupé * Mini Vision Concept * Opel Monza Concept * Peugeot 308 R Concept * Smart fourjoy * Renault Initiale Paris * Subaru WRX Concept * Volkswagen Golf Sportsvan * Volvo Concept Coupé

2015

The 2015 show took place from 17 to 27 September.

Production cars

* Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio * Audi A4 *

Audi S4 The Audi S4 is the high performance variant of Audi's compact executive car A4. The original Audi S4, built from 1991 until 1994, was a performance-oriented version of Audi's 100 saloon/sedan. All subsequent S4s since 1997 have been based on t ...

* Bentley Bentayga * BMW 3 Series (Facelift) *

BMW X1 (F48) The F48 BMW X1 is the second generation of the BMW X1 range of subcompact luxury crossover SUV. The F48 X1 was unveiled at the September 2015 Frankfurt Motor Show, and later at the 2015 Tokyo Motor Show. Contrary to the previous generation which ...

* BMW M6 GT3 * BMW M6 Competition Package * DS 4 (Facelift) *

DS 4 Crossback The DS 4 (Citroën DS4 before 2015) is a compact car, and it is the second model in the luxury DS sub-brand created by Citroën, now an independent brand. Starting in 2021, it is currently in its second generation, which is based on an all-new ...

Ferrari 488 Spider The Ferrari 488 (Type F142M) is a mid-engine sports car produced by the Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari. The car replaced the 458, being the first mid-engine Ferrari to use a turbocharged V8 since the F40. It was succeeded by the Ferr ...

* Fiat 500 (Facelift) * Ford Ecosport (Facelift) * Ford Edge (International specs) * Ford Kuga (Facelift) * Hyundai i20 WRC * Infiniti Q30 * Jaguar F-Pace *

Kia Sportage The Kia Sportage is a lineup of sport utility vehicles manufactured by the South Korean manufacturer Kia since 1993. Since 2004, the Sportage has been categorized as a compact crossover SUV, while previously it occupied the compact SUV class. It ...

(Facelift) * Lamborghini Aventador LP 750-4 SuperVeloce Roadster * Lamborghini Huracán LP 610-4 Spyder * Mercedes-Benz C-Class Coupe * Mercedes C63/C63 S AMG Coupe * Mercedes-Benz C63 AMG Coupe Edition 1 * Mercedes-AMG C-Coupé DTM (W205) * Mercedes-Benz S-Class Convertible * Mini Clubman * Nissan NP300 Navara * Opel Astra * Porsche 991 (Facelift) *

* Renault Talisman *

Rolls-Royce Dawn The Rolls-Royce Dawn is a convertible luxury grand tourer manufactured by Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. It was announced at the 2015 Frankfurt Motor Show.

* SEAT Ibiza Cupra (Facelift) * SEAT Leon Cupra 290 * Smart Fortwo Cabriolet *

Suzuki Baleno The Suzuki Baleno nameplate has been used by the Japanese manufacturer Suzuki to denote several different subcompact cars since 1996. * From 1996 to 2002, the Suzuki Baleno that was sold in Europe and Asia-Pacific was a rebadged Suzuki Cultus Cresc ...

* Volkswagen Golf GTI Clubsport * Volkswagen Tiguan

2015 concept cars

e-tron Quattro concept *

Bugatti Vision Gran Turismo The Bugatti Vision Gran Turismo is a single-seater concept car developed by Bugatti and was manufactured in Molsheim, Alsace, France. The car was unveiled at the 2015 Frankfurt Motor Show, a month after its teaser trailer was released, which was ...

* Citroën Cactus M *

Honda is a Japanese public multinational conglomerate manufacturer of automobiles, motorcycles, and power equipment, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, reaching a producti ...

Project 2&4 *

Hyundai N 2025 Vision Gran Turismo The Hyundai N 2025 Vision Gran Turismo is a concept car developed by Hyundai. The car was unveiled at the 2015 Frankfurt Motor Show. It was built under the Vision Gran Turismo project and to commemorate Hyundai's 50th anniversary in 2017. It als ...

Mazda , commonly referred to as simply Mazda, is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Fuchū, Hiroshima, Japan. In 2015, Mazda produced 1.5 million vehicles for global sales, the majority of which (nearly one ...

Koeru *

Concept IAA *

Gripz *

Fractal *

Porsche Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG, usually shortened to Porsche (; see below), is a German automobile manufacturer specializing in high-performance sports cars, SUVs and sedans, headquartered in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The company ...

Mission E *

SsangYong The SsangYong Motor Company ( ko, 쌍용자동차 주식회사) is a South Korea–based automobile manufacturer. It traces its origins back to a manufacturer established in 1954. The name SsangYong appeared in 1988, after its acquisition by the ...

XAV-Adventure *

Sport Cross * Toyota C-HR *

Volkswagen Golf GTE The Volkswagen Golf (Mk7) is a small family car (C-segment) produced by German automobile manufacturer Volkswagen, as the seventh generation of the Golf and the successor to the Golf Mk6. It was introduced in Berlin on 4 September 2012, before ...

Sport

2017

The 2017 show took place from 14 to 24 September, with press days on the 12th and 13th.

Production cars

* Alpina D5 S * Audi RS4 Avant *

* Bentley Continental GT * BMW 6 Series GT * BMW X3 *

(facelift) * BMW M5 * Brabus-Mercedes E63 AMG S * Citroën C3 Aircross * Dacia Duster *

Ferrari Portofino The Ferrari Portofino (Type F164) is a grand touring sports car produced by the Italian automotive manufacturer Ferrari and has a time of 3.5 seconds. It is a two-door 2+2 hard top convertible. The car is named after the village of Portofin ...

* Ford EcoSport (facelift) (European debut) *

Ford Mustang The Ford Mustang is a series of American automobiles manufactured by Ford. In continuous production since 1964, the Mustang is currently the longest-produced Ford car nameplate. Currently in its sixth generation, it is the fifth-best selli ...

(facelift) (European debut) * Honda Jazz (facelift) *

(European debut) * Hyundai i30 Fastback and N variants * Hyundai Kona * Jaguar E-Pace * Kia Picanto X-Line * Kia Sorento (facelift) *

Kia Stonic The Kia Stonic ( ko, 기아 스토닉) is a subcompact crossover SUV (B-segment) manufactured by Kia Motors. Its name is derived from the words "stylish" and "iconic". The Stonic debuted in Frankfurt on 20 June 2017 and in South Korea on 13 July 20 ...

* Lamborghini Aventador S Roadster *

SVX *

Lexus CT The is a hybrid electric automobile produced by Lexus, a luxury division of Toyota, as a premium compact hatchback. The CT, consisting of a single model called the CT 200h is a luxury hybrid based on the Toyota Prius drivetrain and Toyota MC pl ...

200h (second facelift) * Lexus NX (facelift) *

Mercedes-Benz GLC-Class The Mercedes-Benz GLC is a Compact luxury crossover SUV introduced in 2015 for the 2016 model year that replaces the GLK-Class. According to Mercedes-Benz, it is the SUV equivalent to the C-Class. Although officially considered compact, it is ...

F-Cell * Mercedes-Benz S-Class Coupe and Cabriolet (facelifts) * Mercedes-Benz X-Class *

Opel Grandland X The Opel Grandland is a compact crossover SUV which is produced by the German manufacturer Opel and its British twin-sister brand Vauxhall. It was originally known as the Opel and Vauxhall Grandland X when it was introduced to the markets. It was ...

* Opel Insignia GSi and Country Tourer variants *

GT2 RS *

Touring Package * Porsche Cayenne * Renaultsport Mégane *

Rolls-Royce Phantom VIII The Rolls-Royce Phantom is a full-sized luxury saloon manufactured by Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. It is the eighth and current generation of the Rolls-Royce Phantom, debuting in 2017, and the second launched by Rolls-Royce under BMW ownership. It ...

SEAT Arona The SEAT Arona is a subcompact crossover SUV (B-segment) manufactured by SEAT since 2017. It is the smallest crossover SUV offered by the Spanish brand. It slots in below the Ateca compact model and Tarraco seven-seater. Overview Between 2015 ...

Cupra R * Škoda Karoq * Subaru Impreza (European debut) *

Sport *

Volkswagen Polo MK6 The Volkswagen Polo is a supermini car (B-segment) produced by the German car manufacturer Volkswagen since 1975. It is sold in Europe and other markets worldwide in hatchback, sedan (automobile), saloon, and station wagon, estate variants through ...

* Volkswagen T-Roc

2017 concept cars

Kia ProCeed, IAA 2017, Frankfurt (1Y7A3316)

* Aspark Owl *

AI:CON *

Elaine *

BMW i The BMW i is a sub-brand of BMW founded in 2011 to design and manufacture plug-in electric vehicles. The company initially released two vehicles: the i3 all-electric car and the i8 plug-in hybrid. The all-electric iX3 SUV was released in ...

Vision Dynamics Concept * BMW Concept X7 iPerformance * Borgward Isabella Concept *

Honda Urban EV Concept The Honda EV Concept vehicles are a series of two concept electric cars created by the automobile division of Honda, designed with cues to historical Honda products. The Urban EV Concept made its debut at the 2017 International Motor Show German ...

*Kia Proceed concept * Mercedes EQ A concept * Mercedes-AMG Project One * Mini Electric Concept * Mini John Cooper Works GP Concept * Smart Vision EQ Fortwo * Volkswagen I.D. Crozz

2019

The 2019 show took place from 12 to 22 September, with press days on the 10th and 11th.

Production cars

Land Rover Defender (L663) at IAA 2019 IMG 0713

* Alpina B3 Touring *

Audi A1 The Audi A1 (internally designated ''Typ 8X'') is a supermini car launched by Audi at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show. Sales of the initial three-door A1 model started in Germany in August 2010, with the United Kingdom following in November 2010. A f ...

Citycarver * Audi A4 (facelift) * Audi A5 (facelift) * Audi A6 Allroad Quattro * Audi RS6 Avant *

RS7 Sportback *

Audi S5 The Audi S5 is one of two high-performance variants of Audi's A5. It is also the coupé, cabriolet, and five-door fastback sedan versions of the fourth-generation (B8) Audi S4 saloon and estate models. Like all Audi "S" cars, they are only av ...

(facelift) *

* Audi Q3 Sportback * Audi Q7 (facelift) *

SQ8 TDI *

e-tron FE06 Racecar * BMW 1 Series * BMW 3 Series Touring * BMW 8 Series Gran Coupé * BMW M8 Competition Coupé *

* BMW X5 Protection VR6 * BMW X6 * BMW i8 Ultimate Sophisto Edition * Brabus Mercedes-AMG A35 * Brabus G V12 900 * Brabus Ultimate E * Byton M-Byte *

Ford Explorer The Ford Explorer is a range of SUVs manufactured by Ford Motor Company since the 1991 model year. The first four-door SUV produced by Ford, the Explorer was introduced as a replacement for the two-door Bronco II. Within the current Ford light ...

Plug-in Hybrid * Ford Kuga Plug-in Hybrid * Ford Puma *

Honda e The Honda e is a battery electric supermini manufactured by Japanese automaker Honda, available in the European and Japanese markets in 2020. It is based on the Urban EV Concept presented at the 2017 International Motor Show Germany in Septembe ...

* Hyundai i10 * Hyundai i30 N Project C * Hyundai Veloster N ETCR * Lamborghini Sián * Land Rover Defender * Mercedes-AMG A45 S 4MATIC+ * Mercedes-AMG CLA35 Shooting Brake * Mercedes-AMG CLA45 S 4MATIC+ * Mercedes-AMG GLB35 4MATIC * Mercedes-AMG GLE53 4MATIC Coupé *

A250e *

B250e *

GLB *

GLC 350e * Mercedes-Benz GLE 350de * Mercedes-Benz GLE Coupé *

Mercedes-Benz GLS The Mercedes-Benz GLS, formerly Mercedes-Benz GL-Class, is a full-size luxury SUV produced by Mercedes-Benz since 2006. In each of its generations it is a three-row, seven-passenger vehicle positioned above the GLE (formerly Mercedes-Benz M-Class ...

EQV *

Mini Cooper S The Mini is a small, two-door, four-seat car, developed as ADO15, and produced by the British Motor Corporation (BMC) and its successors, from 1959 through 2000. Minus a brief hiatus, original Minis were built for four decades and sold during ...

E * Opel Astra (facelift) *

HYBRID4 *

718 Spyder *

718 Cayman GT4 *

Carrera 4 * Porsche Cayenne Coupé * Porsche Macan Turbo (facelift) * Porsche Taycan *

99X Electric Formula E Racecar * Ramsmobile Protos RM-X2D Devil's Touch * Renault Captur *

SEAT Tarraco The SEAT Tarraco is a mid-size crossover SUV manufactured by Spanish automaker SEAT. It is the flagship SUV of the Spanish car maker above the SEAT Arona and the SEAT Ateca, optionally available with seven seats. It is based on the Volkswagen Gro ...

FR PHEV * Škoda Citigo iV *

Škoda Kodiaq The Škoda Kodiaq is a mid-size crossover SUV manufactured by the Czech automaker Škoda Auto since 2016. The vehicle sits in Škoda's D-SUV, above the Škoda Kamiq and Škoda Karoq. The vehicle is based on the Volkswagen Group MQB platform, s ...

vRS *

Škoda Kamiq The Škoda Kamiq is a subcompact crossover SUV (B-segment), launched by the Czech car manufacturer Škoda Auto in the end of June 2019, nearly two years after the larger Škoda Karoq was launched in Europe in September 2017. It is smallest of the o ...

Monte Carlo *

Škoda Scala The Škoda Scala is a small family car or compact hatchback manufactured by Czech automaker Škoda Auto. The car is intended to fit between the Fabia and the Octavia, and to be a competitor to the cars in the C-segment hatchback segment. The ...

Monte Carlo *

(facelift) *

iV * Smart EQ ForTwo * Smart EQ ForFour * Trasco-Bremen XC90 Protection VR8 by Volvo *

e-Up! * Volkswagen ID.3 * Volkswagen T-Roc Cabriolet

2019 concept cars

AI:CON Concept *

AI:ME Concept *

AI:RACE Concept *

AI:TRAIL Quattro Concept * BMW Concept 4 * BMW X5 i Hydrogen NEXT * BMW Vision M Next Concept *

Cupra Tavascan The Cupra Tavascan is an battery electric sports utility vehicle (SUV) to be produced by Volkswagen Anhui, a joint venture between Volkswagen and Chinese company JAC Motors, and sold by Cupra, a subsidiary of SEAT. The concept car was first s ...

Concept * FAW

Hongqi S9 The Hongqi S9 is a hybrid sports car produced by Hongqi, which was presented at the 2019 Frankfurt Motor Show. Presentation The Hongqi S9 concept was presented on 13 September 2019 at the Frankfurt Motor Show and celebrates 70 years of the Pe ...

* FAW Hongqi E115 *

Hyundai Hyundai is a South Korean industrial conglomerate (" chaebol"), which was restructured into the following groups: * Hyundai Group, parts of the former conglomerate which have not been divested ** Hyundai Mobis, Korean car parts company ** Hyundai A ...

45 EV Concept *

H-Space *

Experimental Safety Vehicle (ESF) 2019 *

Vision EQS *

Vision EQ Silver Arrow Concept *

-e Rally

2021

The 2021 show took place from 7 to 12 September, with a press day on the 6th. Exhibitions are divided over seven locations around central Munich.

Production cars

* ACM City One * Audi RS3 * BMW 2 Series Coupé * BMW M240i * BMW 4 Series Gran Coupé *

BMW i4 The BMW i4 (model code G26) is a battery electric compact executive car produced by BMW since 2021. It adopts a five-door liftback body style and is marketed as a four-door coupé. The initial concept version, named BMW i Vision Dynamics, debu ...

* BMW X3 (facelift) * BMW X4 (facelift) * BMW iX3 (facelift) *

Cupra Cupra Racing, formerly known as SEAT Sport, is the high-performance motorsport subsidiary of the Spanish automobile manufacturer SEAT, founded in 1985, succeeding the "SEAT Special Vehicles department" which had been formed in 1971 with the miss ...

Born *

Dacia Dacia (, ; ) was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west. The Carpathian Mountains were located in the middle of Dacia. It ...

Jogger Jogging is a form of trotting or running at a slow or leisurely pace. The main intention is to increase physical fitness with less stress on the body than from faster running but more than walking, or to maintain a steady speed for longer periods ...

* Dacia Duster (facelift) * GWM Ora Cat * GWM Wey Coffee 01 * Hyundai Ioniq 5 Robotaxi *

* Mercedes-AMG GT 4-Door Coupé 63 S E Performance * Mercedes-AMG EQS 53 * Mercedes-Benz C-Class All-Terrain * Mercedes-Benz EQE *

Microlino The Microlino is a proposed all-electric lightweight four-wheeled quadracycle marketed by Micro Mobility Systems, designed for urban mobility. Noted for its front-opening door recalling the bubble cars from the late 1950s, the Microlino has ...

911 Carrera GTS * Porsche 911 GT3 Touring Package * Porsche Taycan Cross Turismo * Renault Mégane E-Tech * Volkswagen ID.5 Coupe * Volkswagen Multivan

2021 concept cars

BMW i Vision Circular Concept IAA 2021 1X7A0294

Grand Sphere * Audi Skysphere * Audi Urban Sphere * BMW i Hydrogen Next * BMW i Vision Circular * Cupra UrbanRebel *

Mercedes-Benz EQG The Mercedes-Benz EQG is a future electric mid-size four-wheel drive luxury SUV produced by German automobile manufacturer Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz (), commonly referred to as Mercedes and sometimes as Benz, is a German luxury and comm ...

* Mercedes-Benz EQT * Mercedes-Maybach EQS * Porsche Mission R * Renault 5 E-Tech * Smart #1 *

Volkswagen ID. Life The Volkswagen ID. Life is an electric subcompact SUV concept revealed by German automobile manufacturer Volkswagen at the 2021 International Motor Show Germany. Overview The Volkswagen ID. Life concept was revealed at International Motor Sho ...

2022

The 2022 show took place in Hanover from 20 to 25 September.

Production cars

* Ford E-Transit Custom * Iveco eDaily * MAN eTGE * MAN eTruck * Maxus T90EV *

Maxus Mifa 9 The Maxus Mifa 9 is an electric minivan produced by SAIC Maxus, which launched on the Chinese car market in November 2021. The Mifa 9 is based on the same platform as the later announced gasoline powered Maxus G90 MPV. Overview The Mifa 9 was ...

* Renault Trafic E-Tech * Volkswagen Amarok

Concept cars

* Ford Pro Electric SuperVan * Iveco Daily 4x4 Tigrotto *

Renault Hippie Caviar Motel The Renault Hippie Caviar Hotel and Renault Hippie Caviar Motel are two concept campervan A camper van, also referred to as a camper, caravanette, motor caravan or RV (recreational vehicle) in North America, is a self-propelled vehicle that pro ...

Attendance

Passenger vehicles (since 2021: ''IAA MOBILITY'') Commercial vehicles (since 2022: ''IAA TRANSPORTATION'')

References

External links

Official homepage

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