The 1913 Armory Show, also known as the International Exhibition of Modern Art, was a show organized by the Association of American Painters and Sculptors in 1913. It was the first large exhibition of modern art in America, as well as one of the many exhibitions that have been held in the vast spaces of U.S. National Guard armories. The three-city exhibition started in New York City's

69th Regiment Armory __NOTOC__ The 69th Regiment Armory is a historic National Guard armory building located at 68 Lexington Avenue between East 25th and 26th Streets in the Rose Hill section of Manhattan, New York City. The building began construction in 1904 an ...

, on Lexington Avenue between 25th and 26th Streets, from February 17 until March 15, 1913. The exhibition went on to the Art Institute of Chicago and then to The Copley Society of Art in Boston,International Exhibition of Modern Art
catalogue cover, Copley Society of Boston,

Copley Hall, Boston Copley may refer to: People * Copley (surname) Places ;Australia * Copley, South Australia ;England * Copley, County Durham * Copley, Greater Manchester, formerly in Cheshire :* Copley Academy, in that area * Copley, West Yorkshire ;Wales ...

, Mass., 1913 where, due to a lack of space, all the work by American artists was removed.Brown, Milton W., ''The Story of the Armory Show'', Joseph H Hirshhorn Foundation, New York, 1963, pp. 185–186 The show became an important event in the history of

American art Visual art of the United States or American art is visual art made in the United States or by U.S. artists. Before colonization there were many flourishing traditions of Native American art, and where the Spanish colonized Spanish Colonial arc ...

, introducing Americans, who were accustomed to realistic art, to the experimental styles of the European avant garde, including Fauvism and Cubism. The show served as a catalyst for American artists, who became more independent and created their own "artistic language."

"The origins of the show lie in the emergence of progressive groups and independent exhibitions in the early 20th century (with significant French precedents), which challenged the aesthetic ideals, exclusionary policies, and authority of the National Academy of Design, while expanding exhibition and sales opportunities, enhancing public knowledge, and enlarging audiences for contemporary art."

History

On December 14, 1911 an early meeting of what would become the Association of American Painters and Sculptors (AAPS) was organized at Madison Gallery in New York. Four artists met to discuss the contemporary art scene in the United States, and the possibilities of organizing exhibitions of progressive artworks by living American and foreign artists, favoring works ignored or rejected by current exhibitions. The meeting included

Henry Fitch Taylor ] Henry Fitch Taylor (1853–1925) was an American painter who was to become the oldest among the generation of American artists who responded to and explored Cubism. Taylor served as the first president of the American Association of Artists a ...

Jerome Myers Jerome Myers (March 20, 1867 – June 19, 1940) was an American artist and writer associated with the Ashcan School, particularly known for his sympathetic depictions of the urban landscape and its people. He was one of the main organizers of the ...

, Elmer Livingston MacRae and

Walt Kuhn Walter Francis Kuhn (October 27, 1877 – July 13, 1949) was an American painter and an organizer of the famous Armory Show of 1913, which was America's first large-scale introduction to European Modernism. Biography Kuhn was born in New York ...

. In January 1912,

, Walter Pach, and Arthur B. Davies joined together with some two dozen of their colleagues to reinforce a professional coalition: AAPS. They intended the organization to "lead the public taste in art, rather than follow it." Other founding AAPS members included D. Putnam Brinley,

Gutzon Borglum John Gutzon de la Mothe Borglum (March 25, 1867 – March 6, 1941) was an American sculptor best known for his work on Mount Rushmore. He is also associated with various other public works of art across the U.S., including Stone Mountain in Geo ...

John Frederick Mowbray-Clarke John Frederick Mowbray-Clarke (1869–1953) was an American sculptor specializing in medals. Mowbray-Clarke was one of the organizers of the influential 1913 Armory Show in New York. Biography Mowbray-Clarke was born in Jamaica on August ...

Leon Dabo Leon Dabo (July 9, 1864 – November 7, 1960) was an American tonalist landscape artist best known for his paintings of New York, particularly the Hudson Valley. His paintings were known for their feeling of spaciousness, with large areas of the ...

William J. Glackens William James Glackens (March 13, 1870 – May 22, 1938) was an American realist painter and one of the founders of the Ashcan School, which rejected the formal boundaries of artistic beauty laid-down by the conservative National Academy of Des ...

Ernest Lawson Ernest Lawson (March 22, 1873 – December 18, 1939) was a Canadian-American painter and exhibited his work at the Canadian Art Club and as a member of the American group The Eight, artists who formed a loose association in 1908 to protes ...

, Jonas Lie,

George Luks George Benjamin Luks (August 13, 1867 – October 29, 1933) was an American artist, identified with the aggressively realistic Ashcan School of American painting. After travelling and studying in Europe, Luks worked as a newspaper illustrator a ...

, Karl Anderson, James E.Fraser,

Allen Tucker Allen Tucker (1866–1939) was an American artist. Biography He was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1866 and graduated from the School of Mines of Columbia University in 1887 with a degree in architecture and worked as a draftsman at McIlvaine ...

, and J. Alden Weir. AAPS was to be dedicated to creating new exhibition opportunities for young artists outside of the existing academic boundaries, as well as to providing educational art experiences for the American public. Davies served as president of AAPS, with Kuhn acting as secretary. The AAPS members spent more than a year planning their first project: the International Exhibition of Modern Art, a show of giant proportions, unlike any New York had seen. The

was settled on as the main site for the exhibition in the spring of 1912, rented for a fee of $5,000, plus an additional $500 for additional personnel. It was confirmed that the show would later travel to Chicago and Boston. Once the space had been secured, the most complicated planning task was selecting the art for the show, particularly after the decision was made to include a large proportion of vanguard European work, most of which had never been seen by an American audience. In September 1912, Kuhn left for an extended collecting tour through Europe, including stops at cities in England, Germany, the Netherlands, and France, visiting galleries, collections and studios and contracting for loans as he went. While in Paris Kuhn met up with Pach, who knew the art scene there intimately, and was friends with

Marcel Duchamp Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (, , ; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, Dada, and conceptual art. Duchamp is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso ...

and

Henri Matisse Henri Émile Benoît Matisse (; 31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French visual artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a drawing, draughtsman, printmaking, printmaker, and sculptur ...

; Davies joined them there in November 1912. Together they secured three paintings that would end up being among the Armory Show's most famous and polarizing: Matisse's '' Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra)'' and '' Madras Rouge'' (''Red Madras Headdress''), and Duchamp's ''

Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 ''Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2'' (French: ''Nu descendant un escalier n° 2'') is a 1912 painting by Marcel Duchamp. The work is widely regarded as a Modernist classic and has become one of the most famous of its time. Before its first pres ...

''. Only after Davies and Kuhn returned to New York in December did they issue an invitation for American artists to participate. Pach was the only American artist to be closely affiliated with the

Section d'Or The Section d'Or ("Golden Section"), also known as Groupe de Puteaux or Puteaux Group, was a collective of Painting, painters, sculptors, poets and critics associated with Cubism and Orphism (art), Orphism. Based in the Parisian suburbs, the grou ...

group of artists, including

Albert Gleizes Albert Gleizes (; 8 December 1881 – 23 June 1953) was a French artist, theoretician, philosopher, a self-proclaimed founder of Cubism and an influence on the School of Paris. Albert Gleizes and Jean Metzinger wrote the first major treatise on ...

Jean Metzinger Jean Dominique Antony Metzinger (; 24 June 1883 – 3 November 1956) was a major 20th-century French painter, theorist, writer, critic and poet, who along with Albert Gleizes wrote the first theoretical work on Cubism. His earliest works, from 1 ...

, Duchamp brothers

Raymond Duchamp-Villon Raymond Duchamp-Villon (5 November 1876 – 9 October 1918) was a French sculptor. Life and art Duchamp-Villon was born Pierre-Maurice-Raymond Duchamp in Damville, Eure, in the Normandy region of France, the second son of Eugène and Lucie Ducha ...

Jacques Villon Jacques Villon (July 31, 1875 – June 9, 1963), also known as Gaston Duchamp, was a French Cubist and Abstract art, abstract painter and printmaker. Early life Born Émile Méry Frédéric Gaston Duchamp in Damville, Eure, Damville, Eure, ...

and others. Pach was responsible for securing loans from these painters for the Armory Show. Most of the artists in Paris who sent works to the Armory Show knew Pach personally and entrusted their works to him.Laurette E. McCarthy, Walter Pach, Walter Pach (1883–1958), ''The Armory Show and the Untold Story of Modern Art in America'', Penn State Press, 2011
/ref> The Armory Show was the first, and ultimately the only exhibition mounted by the AAPS. In 1913, the art collector and lawyer John Quinn fought to overturn censorship laws restricting modern art and literature from entering the United States. He convinced the

United States Congress The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...

to overturn the 1909

Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act The Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act of 1909 (ch. 6, 36 Stat. 11), named for Representative Sereno E. Payne (R– NY) and Senator Nelson W. Aldrich (R– RI), began in the United States House of Representatives as a bill raising certain tariffs on goo ...

, which retained the duty on foreign works of art less than 20 years old, discouraging Americans from collecting modern European art. Quinn opened the Armory Show exhibition with the words: The Armory Show displayed some 1,300 paintings, sculptures, and decorative works by over 300

avant-garde The avant-garde (; In 'advance guard' or ' vanguard', literally 'fore-guard') is a person or work that is experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society.John Picchione, The New Avant-garde in Italy: Theoretical ...

European and American artists. Impressionist,

Fauvist Fauvism /ˈfoʊvɪzm̩/ is the style of ''les Fauves'' (French for "the wild beasts"), a group of early 20th-century modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong colour over the representational or realistic values retai ...

, and

Cubist Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture. In Cubist artwork, objects are analyzed, broken up and reassemble ...

works were represented. The publicity that stormed the show had been well sought, with the publication of half-tone postcards of 57 works, including the Duchamp nude that would become its most infamous. News reports and reviews were filled with accusations of quackery, insanity, immorality, and anarchy, as well as parodies, caricatures, doggerels, and mock exhibitions. Some responded with laughter, as the artist

John French Sloan John French Sloan (August 2, 1871 – September 7, 1951) was an American painter and etcher. He is considered to be one of the founders of the Ashcan school of American art. He was also a member of the group known as The Eight. He is best known ...

seemed to not take the exhibition seriously in his published cartoon, "A slight attack of third dimentia brought on by excessive study of the much-talked of cubist pictures in the International Exhibition at New York". About the modern works, former President

Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Jr. ( ; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or by his initials, T. R., was an American politician, statesman, soldier, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26t ...

declared, "That's not art!" The civil authorities did not, however, close down or otherwise interfere with the show. Among the scandalously radical works of art, pride of place goes to

cubist Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture. In Cubist artwork, objects are analyzed, broken up and reassemble ...

futurist Futurists (also known as futurologists, prospectivists, foresight practitioners and horizon scanners) are people whose specialty or interest is futurology or the attempt to systematically explore predictions and possibilities abo ...

style '' Nude Descending a Staircase,'' painted the year before, in which he expressed motion with successive superimposed images, as in motion pictures. Julian Street, an art critic, wrote that the work resembled "an explosion in a shingle factory" (this quote is also attributed to Joel Spingarn), and cartoonists satirized the piece.

, one of the early organizers of the show who for a variety of reasons withdrew both his organizational prowess and his work, labeled this piece ''A staircase descending a nude'', while J. F. Griswold, a writer for the ''

New York Evening Sun ''The Sun'' was a New York newspaper published from 1833 until 1950. It was considered a serious paper, like the city's two more successful broadsheets, ''The New York Times'' and the ''New York Herald Tribune''. The Sun was the first successfu ...

'', entitled it ''The rude descending a staircase (Rush hour in the subway)''. The painting was purchased from the Armory Show by Frederic C. Torrey of San Francisco. The purchase of

Paul Cézanne Paul Cézanne ( , , ; ; 19 January 1839 – 22 October 1906) was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th-century conception of artistic endeavour to a new and radically d ...

'
''Hill of the Poor (View of the Domaine Saint-Joseph)''
by the

Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...

signaled an integration of modernism into the established New York museums, but among the younger artists represented, Cézanne was already an established master. Duchamp's brother, who went by the " nom de guerre"

, also exhibited, sold all his

drypoint etchings, and struck a sympathetic chord with New York collectors who supported him in the following decades. The exhibition went on to show at the Art Institute of Chicago and then to The Copley Society of Art in Boston, where, due to a lack of space, all the work by American artists was removed. While in Chicago, the exhibition created a scandal that reached the governor's office. Several articles in the press recounted the issue. In one newspaper the headline read: ''Cubist Art Will be Investigated; Illinois Legislative Investigators to Probe the Moral Tone of the Much Touted Art'':

Floor plan

Marcel Duchamp, Jacques Villon, Raymond Duchamp-Villon in the garden of Villon's studio, Puteaux, France, c

The following shows the content of each gallery: * Gallery A: ''American Sculpture and Decorative Art'' * Gallery B: ''American Paintings and Sculpture'' * Gallery C, D, E, F: ''American Paintings'' * Gallery G: ''English, Irish and German Paintings and Drawings'' * Gallery H, I: ''French Painting and Sculpture'' * Gallery J: ''French Paintings, Water Colors and Drawings'' * Gallery K: ''French and American Water Colors, Drawings, etc.'' * Gallery L: ''American Water Colors, Drawings, etc.'' * Gallery M: ''American Paintings'' * Gallery N: ''American Paintings and Sculpture'' * Gallery O: ''French Paintings'' * Gallery P: ''French, English, Dutch and American Paintings'' * Gallery Q: ''French Paintings'' * Gallery R: ''French, English and Swiss Paintings''

Legacy

The original exhibition was an overwhelming success. There have been several exhibitions that were celebrations of its legacy throughout the 20th century. In 1944 the

Cincinnati Art Museum The Cincinnati Art Museum is an art museum in the Eden Park neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio. Founded in 1881, it was the first purpose-built art museum west of the Alleghenies, and is one of the oldest in the United States. Its collection of ov ...

mounted a smaller version, in 1958 Amherst College held an exhibition of 62 works, 41 of which were in the original show, and in 1963 the

Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute The Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute (MWPAI) is a regional fine arts center founded in 1919 and located in Utica, New York. The institute has three program divisions: *Museum of art *Performing arts *School of art Museum of art The museum o ...

Utica, New York Utica () is a city in the Mohawk Valley and the county seat of Oneida County, New York, United States. The tenth-most-populous city in New York State, its population was 65,283 in the 2020 U.S. Census. Located on the Mohawk River at the ...

organized the "1913 Armory Show 50th Anniversary Exhibition" sponsored by the

Henry Street Settlement The Henry Street Settlement is a not-for-profit social service agency in the Lower East Side neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City that provides social services, arts programs and health care services to New Yorkers of all ages. It was founde ...

in New York, which included more than 300 works. ''

Experiments in Art and Technology Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.), a non-profit and tax-exempt organization, was established in 1967 to develop collaborations between artists and engineers. The group operated by facilitating person-to-person contacts between artists and e ...

'' (E.A.T.) was officially launched by the engineers Billy Klüver and

Fred Waldhauer Frederick (Fred) Donald Waldhauer (1927–1993) was an American electrical engineer known for his work in hearing aids and combining art and technology. Biography Waldhauer was born on December 6, 1927, and grew up in Brooklyn, New York, Unite ...

and the artists Robert Rauschenberg and Robert Whitman when they collaborated in 1966 and together organized ''9 Evenings: Theatre and Engineering'', a series of

performance art Performance art is an artwork or art exhibition created through actions executed by the artist or other participants. It may be witnessed live or through documentation, spontaneously developed or written, and is traditionally presented to a pu ...

presentations that united artists and engineers. Ten artists worked with more than 30 engineers to produce art performances incorporating new technology. The performances were held in the

, as an homage to the original and historical 1913 Armory show. In February 2009, the Art Dealers Association of America (ADAA) presented its 21st annual ''Art Show'' to benefit the

, at the

Seventh Regiment Armory The Seventh Regiment Armory, also known as Park Avenue Armory, is a historic National Guard armory building located at 643 Park Avenue in the Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. The building is a brick and stone structure b ...

, located between 66th and 67th Streets and Park and Lexington Avenues in New York City. The exhibition began as a historical homage to the original 1913 Armory Show. Starting with a small exhibition in 1994, by 2001

The Armory Show The Armory Show is an international art fair in New York City, known as New York's Art Fair. Established in 1994 as the Gramercy International Art Fair by dealers Colin De Land, Pat Hearn, Lisa Spellman, Matthew Marks and Paul Morris, the annua ...

, now held at the

Javits Center The Jacob K. Javits Convention Center, commonly known as the Javits Center, is a large convention center on Eleventh Avenue between 34th Street and 38th Street in Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan, New York City. It was designed by architect James ...

, evolved into a "hugely entertaining" (''

The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid d ...

'') annual contemporary arts festival with a strong commercial bent.

Commemorating the centennial

Many exhibitions in 2013 celebrated the 100th anniversary of the 1913 Armory Show, as well as a number of publications, virtual exhibitions, and programs. The first exhibition, "The New Spirit: American Art in the Armory Show, 1913," opened at the Montclair Art Museum on February 17, 2013, a hundred years to the day from the original. The second exhibition was organized by the

New-York Historical Society The New-York Historical Society is an American history museum and library in New York City, along Central Park West between 76th and 77th Streets, on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. The society was founded in 1804 as New York's first museum ...

and titled "The Armory Show at 100," taking place from October 18, 2013 through February 23, 2014. The Smithsonian's

Archives of American Art The Archives of American Art is the largest collection of primary resources documenting the history of the visual arts in the United States. More than 20 million items of original material are housed in the Archives' research centers in Washingt ...

, which lent dozens of historic documents to both the New York Historical Society and Montclair for the exhibitions, created an online timeline of events, ''1913 Armory Show: the Story in Primary Sources,'' to showcase the records and documents created by the show's organizers. Showing contemporary work, a third exhibition, The Fountain Art Fair, was held at the 69th Regiment Armory itself during the 100th anniversary during March 8–10, 2013. The ethos of Fountain Art Fair was inspired by Duchamp's famous "Fountain" which was the symbol of the Fair.

The Art Institute of Chicago The Art Institute of Chicago in Chicago's Grant Park (Chicago), Grant Park, founded in 1879, is one of the oldest and list of largest art museums, largest art museums in the world. Recognized for its curatorial efforts and popularity among visit ...

, which was the only museum to host the 1913 Armory Show, presented works February 20 – May 12, 2013, the items drawn from the museum's modern collection that were displayed in the original 1913 exhibition. The DePaul Art Museum in Chicago, Illinois presented ''For and Against Modern Art: The Armory Show +100'', from April 4 to June 16, 2013. The International Print Center in New York held an exhibition, "1913 Armory Show Revisited: the Artists and their Prints," of prints from the show or by artists whose work in other media was included.Andress, Sarah
"1913 Armory Show Revisited: The Artists and their Prints,"
''Art in Print'' Vol. 3 No. 2 (July–August 2013). In addition, the Greenwich Historical Society presented ''The New Spirit and the Cos Cob Art Colony: Before and After the Armory Show'', from October 9, 2013, through January 12, 2014. The show focused on the effects of the Armory Show on the Cos Cob Art Colony, and highlighted the involvement of artists such as Elmer Livingston MacRae and

in producing the show. American filmmaker Michael Maglaras produced a documentary film about the Armory Show entitled, ''The Great Confusion: The 1913 Armory Show''. The film premiered on September 26, 2013, at the

New Britain Museum of American Art The New Britain Museum of American Art is an art museum in New Britain, Connecticut. Founded in 1903, it is the first museum in the country dedicated to American art. A total of 72,000 visits were made to the museum in the year ending June 30, 200 ...

in New Britain, Connecticut.

List of artists

Below is a partial list of the artists in the show. These artists are all listed in the 50th anniversary catalog as having exhibited in the original 1913 Armory show.''1913 Armory Show 50th Anniversary Exhibition 1963'' copyright and organized by

, copyright and sponsored by the

, New York City,

Library of Congress The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library ...

card number 63-13993 * Robert Ingersoll Aitken *

Alexander Archipenko Alexander Porfyrovych Archipenko (also referred to as Olexandr, Oleksandr, or Aleksandr; uk, Олександр Порфирович Архипенко, Romanized: Olexandr Porfyrovych Arkhypenko; February 25, 1964) was a Ukrainian and American ...

George Grey Barnard George Grey Barnard (May 24, 1863 – April 24, 1938), often written George Gray Barnard, was an American sculptor who trained in Paris. He is especially noted for his heroic sized '' Struggle of the Two Natures in Man'' at the Metropolitan Museu ...

* Chester Beach *

Gifford Beal Gifford Beal (January 24, 1879 – February 5, 1956) was an American painter, watercolorist, printmaker and muralist. Early life Born in New York City, Gifford Beal was the youngest son in a family of six surviving children. His oldest brother R ...

* Maurice Becker * George Bellows *

Joseph Bernard Joseph Bernard (1866, Vienne, Isère – 1931) was a modern classical French sculptor, featured on the frontispiece of Elie Faure's 1927 survey of modern art, "Spirit of Forms". Bernard was trained at the École des Beaux-Arts in the atelier o ...

Guy Pène du Bois Guy Pène du Bois (January 4, 1884 – July 18, 1958) was a 20th-century American painter, art critic, and educator. Born in the U.S. to a French family, his work depicted the culture and society around him: cafes, theatres, and in the twenties, f ...

Oscar Bluemner Oscar Bluemner (June 21, 1867 – January 12, 1938), born Friedrich Julius Oskar Blümner and after 1933 known as Oscar Florianus Bluemner, was a Prussian-born American Modernist painter. Early life Bluemner was born as Friedrich Julius Oskar B ...

Hanns Bolz Hanns Bolz (22 January 1885, in Aachen – 4 July 1918, in Munich) was a German painter, illustrator and sculptor. He worked in the Expressionist and Cubo-Futurist styles. Biography After studying in Aachen and Cologne, he attended the Kunsta ...

* Pierre Bonnard *

Solon Borglum Solon Hannibal de la Mothe Borglum (December 22, 1868 – January 31, 1922) was an American sculptor. He is most noted for his depiction of frontier life, and especially his experience with cowboys and native Americans. He was awarded the Croix ...

* Antoine Bourdelle * Constantin Brâncuși * Georges Braque *

Bessie Marsh Brewer Bessie Marsh Brewer (1884–1952) was a Canadian-American printmaker, painter, sculptor and teacher. She studied at the New York School of Applied Design for Women and at the Art Students League with Robert Henri and John Sloan. She illustrated ...

Patrick Henry Bruce Artist Patrick Henry Bruce (3rd from left) & friends/associates in front of the entrance to a 300px Patrick Henry Bruce (March 25, 1881 – November 12, 1936) was an American cubist painter. Biography A descendant of Patrick Henry, Bruce wa ...

Paul Burlin Paul Burlin (September 10, 1886 – March 13, 1969) was an American modern and abstract expressionist painter. Childhood Paul Burlin was born Isadore Berlin to Jacob and Julia Berlin in 1886 in New York. The family name was originally Berlins ...

Theodore Earl Butler Theodore Earl Butler, (1861–1936) was an American impressionist painter. He was born in Columbus, Ohio, and moved to Paris to study art. He befriended Claude Monet in Giverny, and married his stepdaughter, Suzanne Hoschedé. After her death he ...

* Charles Camoin * Arthur Carles *

Mary Cassatt Mary Stevenson Cassatt (; May 22, 1844June 14, 1926) was an American painter and printmaker. She was born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania (now part of Pittsburgh's North Side), but lived much of her adult life in France, where she befriended Edgar De ...

Oscar Cesare Oscar Edward Cesare (October 7, 1883 – July 25, 1948) was a Swedish-born American caricaturist, painter, draftsman and editorial cartoonist. Biography Cesare was born on 7 October 1883 in Linköping, Sweden. At eighteen he moved to Paris t ...

Robert Winthrop Chanler Robert Winthrop Chanler (February 22, 1872 – October 24, 1930) was an American artist and member of the Astor and Dudley–Winthrop families. A designer and muralist, Chanler received much of his art training in France at the École des Beaux- ...

Pierre Puvis de Chavannes Pierre Puvis de Chavannes (14 December 1824 – 24 October 1898) was a French painter known for his mural painting, who came to be known as "the painter for France". He became the co-founder and president of the Société Nationale des Beaux ...

Nessa Cohen Nessa Cohen, born Helen Nessa Cohen, (December 11, 1885 - December 1976) was an American sculptor, born in New York City. She exhibited in the 1913 International Exhibition of Modern Art. Early life Cohen was born on December 11, 1884 in New Yo ...

* Camille Corot *

Kate Cory Kate Cory (February 8, 1861 – June 12, 1958) was an American photographer and artist. She studied art in New York, and then worked as commercial artist. She traveled to the southwestern United States in 1905 and lived among the Hopi f ...

Gustave Courbet Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet ( , , ; 10 June 1819 – 31 December 1877) was a French painter who led the Realism movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what he could see, he rejected academic convention and ...

Henri-Edmond Cross Henri-Edmond Cross, born Henri-Edmond-Joseph Delacroix, (20 May 1856 – 16 May 1910) was a French painter and printmaker. He is most acclaimed as a master of Neo-Impressionism and he played an important role in shaping the second phase of t ...

Andrew Dasburg Andrew Michael Dasburg (4 May 1887 – 13 August 1979) was an American modernist painter and "one of America's leading early exponents of cubism". Biography Dasburg was born in 1887 in Paris. He emigrated from Germany to New York City wit ...

Honoré Daumier Honoré-Victorin Daumier (; February 26, 1808February 10, 1879) was a French painter, sculptor, and printmaker, whose many works offer commentary on the social and political life in France, from the Revolution of 1830 to the fall of the second N ...

Jo Davidson Jo Davidson (March 30, 1883 – January 2, 1952) was an American sculptor. Although he specialized in realistic, intense portrait busts, Davidson did not require his subjects to formally pose for him; rather, he observed and spoke with them. H ...

* Arthur B. Davies (President) * Stuart Davis * Edgar Degas *

Eugène Delacroix Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix ( , ; 26 April 1798 – 13 August 1863) was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the French Romantic school.Noon, Patrick, et al., ''Crossing the Channel: Britis ...

Robert Delaunay Robert Delaunay (12 April 1885 – 25 October 1941) was a French artist who, with his wife Sonia Delaunay and others, co-founded the Orphism art movement, noted for its use of strong colours and geometric shapes. His later works were more abstra ...

Maurice Denis Maurice Denis (; 25 November 1870 – 13 November 1943) was a French painter, decorative artist, and writer. An important figure in the transitional period between impressionism and modern art, he is associated with ''Les Nabis'', symbolism, a ...

André Derain André Derain (, ; 10 June 1880 – 8 September 1954) was a French artist, painter, sculptor and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse. Biography Early years Derain was born in 1880 in Chatou, Yvelines, Île-de-France (region), Île-de-Franc ...

* Katherine Sophie Dreier *

Georges Dufrénoy Georges Dufrénoy (June 20, 1870December 9, 1943) was a French post-Impressionist painter associated with Fauvism. Biography He was born in Thiais, France. His family lived at 2 Place des Vosges in Paris in a historic 17th-century building in ...

Raoul Dufy Raoul Dufy (; 3 June 1877 – 23 March 1953) was a French Fauvist painter. He developed a colorful, decorative style that became fashionable for designs of ceramics and textile as well as decorative schemes for public buildings. He is noted ...

Jacob Epstein Sir Jacob Epstein (10 November 1880 – 21 August 1959) was an American-British sculptor who helped pioneer modern sculpture. He was born in the United States, and moved to Europe in 1902, becoming a British subject in 1911. He often produce ...

* Mary Foote *

Roger de La Fresnaye Roger de La Fresnaye (; 11 July 1885 – 27 November 1925) was a French Cubist painter. Early years and education La Fresnaye was born in Le Mans where his father, an officer in the French army, was temporarily stationed. The La Fresnayes were ...

Othon Friesz Achille-Émile Othon Friesz (6 February 1879 – 10 January 1949), who later called himself Othon Friesz, a native of Le Havre, was a French artist of the Fauvist movement. Biography Othon Friesz was born in Le Havre, the son of a long line of ...

Paul Gauguin Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (, ; ; 7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a French Post-Impressionist artist. Unappreciated until after his death, Gauguin is now recognized for his experimental use of colour and Synthetist style that were distinct fr ...

William Glackens William James Glackens (March 13, 1870 – May 22, 1938) was an American realist painter and one of the founders of the Ashcan School, which rejected the formal boundaries of artistic beauty laid-down by the conservative National Academy of De ...

Vincent van Gogh Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who posthumously became one of the most famous and influential figures in Western art history. In a decade, he created about 2,100 artworks, inc ...

Francisco Goya Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (; ; 30 March 174616 April 1828) was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker. He is considered the most important Spanish artist of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. His paintings, drawings, and e ...

Marsden Hartley Marsden Hartley (January 4, 1877 – September 2, 1943) was an American Modernist painter, poet, and essayist. Hartley developed his painting abilities by observing Cubist artists in Paris and Berlin. Early life and education Hartley was born ...

Childe Hassam Frederick Childe Hassam (; October 17, 1859 – August 27, 1935) was an American Impressionist painter, noted for his urban and coastal scenes. Along with Mary Cassatt and John Henry Twachtman, Hassam was instrumental in promulgating Impressioni ...

Robert Henri Robert Henri (; June 24, 1865 – July 12, 1929) was an American painter and teacher. As a young man, he studied in Paris, where he identified strongly with the Impressionists, and determined to lead an even more dramatic revolt against A ...

Edward Hopper Edward Hopper (July 22, 1882 – May 15, 1967) was an American realist painter and printmaker. While he is widely known for his oil paintings, he was equally proficient as a watercolorist and printmaker in etching. Hopper created subdued drama ...

Ferdinand Hodler Ferdinand Hodler (March 14, 1853 – May 19, 1918) was one of the best-known Swiss painters of the nineteenth century. His early works were portraits, landscapes, and genre paintings in a realistic style. Later, he adopted a personal form of ...

* Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres *

James Dickson Innes James Dickson Innes (27 February 1887 – 22 August 1914) was a British painter, mainly of mountain landscapes but occasionally of figure subjects. He worked in both oils and watercolours. Style Of his style, art historian David Fraser Jenkins ...

Augustus John Augustus Edwin John (4 January 1878 – 31 October 1961) was a Welsh painter, draughtsman, and etcher. For a time he was considered the most important artist at work in Britain: Virginia Woolf remarked that by 1908 the era of John Singer Sarge ...

Gwen John Gwendolen Mary John (22 June 1876 – 18 September 1939) was a Welsh artist who worked in France for most of her career. Her paintings, mainly portraits of anonymous female sitters, are rendered in a range of closely related tones. Although s ...

Wassily Kandinsky Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky (; rus, Василий Васильевич Кандинский, Vasiliy Vasilyevich Kandinskiy, vɐˈsʲilʲɪj vɐˈsʲilʲjɪvʲɪtɕ kɐnʲˈdʲinskʲɪj; – 13 December 1944) was a Russian painter a ...

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938) was a German expressionist painter and printmaker and one of the founders of the artists group Die Brücke or "The Bridge", a key group leading to the foundation of Expressionism in 20th-century ...

Leon Kroll Leon Kroll (December 6, 1884 – October 25, 1974) was an American painter and lithographer. A figurative artist described by ''Life'' magazine as "the dean of U.S. nude painters", he was also a landscape painter and also produced an exceptional ...

(Founder) *

Gaston Lachaise Gaston Lachaise (March 19, 1882 – October 18, 1935) was a French-born sculptor, active in the early 20th century. A native of Paris, he was most noted for his female nudes such as '' Standing Woman''. Gaston Lachaise was taught the refinement o ...

Marie Laurencin Marie Laurencin (31 October 1883 – 8 June 1956) was a French painter and printmaker. She became an important figure in the Parisian avant-garde as a member of the Cubists associated with the Section d'Or. Biography Laurencin was born in Paris ...

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Comte Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa (24 November 1864 – 9 September 1901) was a French painter, printmaker, draughtsman, caricaturist and illustrator whose immersion in the colourful and theatrical life of Paris in th ...

* Arthur Lee * Fernand Léger *

Wilhelm Lehmbruck Wilhelm Lehmbruck (4 January 188125 March 1919) was a German sculptor. Biography Born in Meiderich (part of Duisburg from 1905), he was the fourth of eight children born to the miner Wilhelm Lehmbruck and his wife Margaretha. He was able to stu ...

* Jonas Lie *

Aristide Maillol Aristide Joseph Bonaventure Maillol (; December 8, 1861 – September 27, 1944) was a French Sculpture, sculptor, Painting, painter, and printmaking, printmaker.Le Normand-Romain, Antoinette . "Maillol, Aristide". ''Grove Art Online. Oxford ...

Édouard Manet Édouard Manet (, ; ; 23 January 1832 – 30 April 1883) was a French modernist painter. He was one of the first 19th-century artists to paint modern life, as well as a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism. Bo ...

* Henri Manguin * Edward Middleton Manigault * John Marin * Albert Marquet *

Alfred Henry Maurer Alfred Henry Maurer (April 21, 1868 – August 4, 1932) was an American modernist painter. He exhibited his work in avant-garde circles internationally and in New York City during the early twentieth century. Highly respected today, his wor ...

Kenneth Hayes Miller Kenneth Hayes Miller (March 11, 1876 – January 1, 1952) was an American painter, printmaker, and teacher. Career Born in Oneida, New York, he studied at the Art Students League of New York with Kenyon Cox, Henry Siddons Mowbray and with Willi ...

* David Milne *

Claude Monet Oscar-Claude Monet (, , ; 14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926) was a French painter and founder of impressionist painting who is seen as a key precursor to modernism, especially in his attempts to paint nature as he perceived it. Durin ...

Adolphe Monticelli Adolphe Joseph Thomas Monticelli (October 14, 1824 – June 29, 1886) was a French painter of the generation preceding the Impressionists. Biography Monticelli was born in Marseille in humble circumstances. He attended the École Municipale de ...

* Edvard Munch * Ethel Myers *

(Founder) * Elie Nadelman * Olga Oppenheimer * Walter Pach *

Jules Pascin Julius Mordecai Pincas (March 31, 1885 – June 5, 1930), known as Pascin (; erroneously or ), Jules Pascin, or the "Prince of Montparnasse", was a Bulgarian artist known for his paintings and drawings. He later became an American citizen ...

Francis Picabia Francis Picabia (: born Francis-Marie Martinez de Picabia; 22January 1879 – 30November 1953) was a French avant-garde painter, poet and typographist. After experimenting with Impressionism and Pointillism, Picabia became associated with Cubism ...

Pablo Picasso Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and Scenic design, theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th ce ...

* Camille Pissarro *

Maurice Prendergast Maurice Brazil Prendergast (October 10, 1858 – February 1, 1924) was an American artist who painted in oil and watercolor, and created monotypes. His delicate landscapes and scenes of modern life, characterized by mosaic-like color, are ...

* Odilon Redon * Pierre-Auguste Renoir *

Boardman Robinson Boardman Michael Robinson (1876–1952) was a Canadian-American painter, illustrator and cartoonist. Biography Early years Boardman Robinson was born September 6, 1876 in Nova Scotia. He spent his childhood in England and Canada, before mov ...

Theodore Robinson Theodore Robinson (June 3, 1852April 2, 1896) was an American painter best known for his Impressionist landscapes. He was one of the first American artists to take up Impressionism in the late 1880s, visiting Giverny and developing a close frien ...

* Auguste Rodin *

Georges Rouault Georges Henri Rouault (; 27 May 1871, Paris – 13 February 1958) was a French painter, draughtsman and print artist, whose work is often associated with Fauvism and Expressionism. Childhood and education Rouault was born in Paris into a ...

Henri Rousseau Henri Julien Félix Rousseau (; 21 May 1844 – 2 September 1910)
at the Morgan Russell *

Albert Pinkham Ryder Albert Pinkham Ryder (March 19, 1847 – March 28, 1917) was an American painter best known for his poetic and moody allegorical works and seascapes, as well as his eccentric personality. While his art shared an emphasis on subtle variations of ...

André Dunoyer de Segonzac André Dunoyer de Segonzac (6 July 1884 – 17 September 1974) was a French painter and graphic artist. Biography Segonzac was born in Boussy-Saint-Antoine and spent his childhood there and in Paris. His parents wanted him to attend the military ...

Georges Seurat Georges Pierre Seurat ( , , ; 2 December 1859 – 29 March 1891) was a French post-Impressionist artist. He devised the painting techniques known as chromoluminarism and pointillism and used conté crayon for drawings on paper with a rough su ...

* Charles Sheeler *

Walter Sickert Walter Richard Sickert (31 May 1860 – 22 January 1942) was a German-born British painter and printmaker who was a member of the Camden Town Group of Post-Impressionist artists in early 20th-century London. He was an important influence on d ...

Paul Signac Paul Victor Jules Signac ( , ; 11 November 1863 – 15 August 1935) was a French Neo-Impressionist painter who, working with Georges Seurat, helped develop the Pointillist style. Biography Paul Signac was born in Paris on 11 November 1863. ...

Alfred Sisley Alfred Sisley (; ; 30 October 1839 – 29 January 1899) was an Impressionist landscape painter who was born and spent most of his life in France, but retained British citizenship. He was the most consistent of the Impressionists in his dedicatio ...

John Sloan John French Sloan (August 2, 1871 – September 7, 1951) was an American painter and etcher. He is considered to be one of the founders of the Ashcan school of American art. He was also a member of the group known as The Eight. He is best known ...

Amadeo de Souza Cardoso Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso (14 November 1887 – 25 October 1918) was a Portuguese painter. Belonging to the first generation of Portuguese modernist painters, Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso stands out among all of them for the exceptional quality of ...

Joseph Stella Joseph Stella (born Giuseppe Michele Stella, June 13, 1877 – November 5, 1946) was an Italian-born American Futurist painter best known for his depictions of industrial America, especially his images of the Brooklyn Bridge. He is also ...

* Felix E. Tobeen *

John Henry Twachtman John Henry Twachtman (August 4, 1853 – August 8, 1902) was an American painter best known for his impressionist landscapes, though his painting style varied widely through his career. Art historians consider Twachtman's style of American Impr ...

Félix Vallotton Félix Édouard Vallotton (; December 28, 1865December 29, 1925) was a Swiss and French painter and printmaker associated with the group of artists known as . He was an important figure in the development of the modern woodcut. He painted portra ...

Maurice de Vlaminck Maurice de Vlaminck (4 April 1876 – 11 October 1958) was a French painter. Along with André Derain and Henri Matisse, he is considered one of the principal figures in the Fauve movement, a group of modern artists who from 1904 to 1908 we ...

Bessie Potter Vonnoh Bessie Potter Vonnoh (August 17, 1872 – March 8, 1955) was an American sculptor best known for her small bronzes, mostly of domestic scenes, and for her garden fountains. Her stated artistic objective, as she told an interviewer in 1925, was to ...

Édouard Vuillard Jean-Édouard Vuillard (; 11 November 186821 June 1940) was a French painter, decorative artist and printmaker. From 1891 through 1900, he was a prominent member of the Nabis, making paintings which assembled areas of pure color, and interior sc ...

* Abraham Walkowitz * J. Alden Weir *

James Abbott McNeill Whistler James Abbott McNeill Whistler (; July 10, 1834July 17, 1903) was an American painter active during the American Gilded Age and based primarily in the United Kingdom. He eschewed sentimentality and moral allusion in painting and was a leading pr ...

Enid Yandell Enid Yandell (October 6, 1869 – June 12, 1934) was an American sculptor from Louisville, Kentucky who studied with Auguste Rodin in Paris, Philip Martiny in New York City, and Frederick William MacMonnies. Yandell specialized in portrait bus ...

* Jack B. Yeats *

Mahonri Young Mahonri Mackintosh Young (August 9, 1877 – November 2, 1957) was an American social-realist sculptor and artist. During his lengthy career, he created more than 320 sculptures, 590 oil paintings, 5,500 watercolors, 2,600 prints, and thousand ...

* Marguerite Zorach *

William Zorach William Zorach (February 28, 1889 – November 15, 1966) was an American sculptor, painter, printmaker, and writer. He won the Logan Medal of the arts. He is notable for being at the forefront of American artists embracing cubism, as well as fo ...

List of women artists

Women artists in the Armory Show includes those from the United States and from Europe. Approximately a fifth of the artists showing at the armory were women, many of whom have since been neglected.

Images

File:Armory Show 1.jpg, Entrance of the Exhibition, 1913, New York City File:Armory Show 2.jpg, Interior view of the exhibition, 1913, New York City File:Armory Show 3.jpg, Interior view of the exhibition, 1913, New York City File:Armory Show artists and members of the press at the beefsteak dinner given by the Association of American Painters and Sculptors, 8 March 1913.jpg, Armory Show artists and members of the press at the beefsteak dinner given by the Association of American Painters and Sculptors, March 8, 1913. Percy Rainford, photographer. Walt Kuhn family papers and Armory Show records, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution File:Installation shot of the Matisse room, 1913 Armory Show, published in the New York Tribune, February 17, 1913, p. 7.jpg, Installation shot of the

Matisse Henri Émile Benoît Matisse (; 31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French visual artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a drawing, draughtsman, printmaking, printmaker, and sculptur ...

room, 1913 Armory Show, published in the New York Tribune (p. 7), February 17, 1913. From the left: ''Le Luxe II'', 1907–08, Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen; " Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra)", 1907, Baltimore Museum of Art; ''

L'Atelier Rouge ''L'Atelier Rouge'', also known as ''The Red Studio,'' is a painting by Henri Matisse from 1911, in the collection of The Museum of Modern Art, New York City. In 2004, ''L'Atelier Rouge'' came in at No. 5 in a poll of 500 art experts voting for ...

'', 1911, Museum of Modern Art, New York City File:Armory Show, 1913, the Cubist room, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Albert Gleizes, Marcel Duchamp, Alexander Archipenko, New York Tribune, 17 February 1913, p. 7.jpg, Installation shot of the Cubist room, published in the New York Tribune, February 17, 1913 (p. 7). Left to right:

, ''La Maison Cubiste (Projet d'Hotel), Cubist House'';

''Nude (Study), Sad Young Man on a Train'';

, '' L'Homme au Balcon, Man on a Balcony''; Marcel Duchamp, ''

'';

, ''La Vie Familiale, Family Life''

Selected painting and sculpture

Image:Christ sur la mer de Galilée (Delacroix) Walters Art Museum 37.186.jpg,

, ''Christ on the Sea of Galilee'', 1854 File:Honoré Daumier (French, Marseilles 1808–1879 Valmondois) - The Third-Class Carriage - Google Art Project.jpg,

, ''The Third Class Wagon,'' 1862–1864 File:Edouard Manet 063.jpg,

, ''The Bullfight'', 1866 Image:Whistlers Mother high res.jpg,

, '' Arrangement in Grey and Black: The Artist's Mother'' 1871, popularly known as ''

Whistler's Mother ''Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1'', best known under its colloquial name ''Whistler's Mother'' or ''Portrait of Artist's Mother'', is a painting in oils on canvas created by the American-born painter James Abbott McNeill Whistler in 1871. ...

,'' Musée d'Orsay, Paris. Although Whistler was represented by four paintings in the Armory show this was not included. File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - In the Garden.jpg, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, ''In The Garden'' 1885,

Hermitage Museum The State Hermitage Museum ( rus, Государственный Эрмитаж, r=Gosudarstvennyj Ermitaž, p=ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj ɪrmʲɪˈtaʂ, links=no) is a museum of art and culture in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is the largest ...

, St. Petersburg File:Mary Cassatt, 1902, Reine Lefebre and Margot before a Window.jpg,

, ''Mère et enfant (Reine Lefebre and Margot before a Window)'', c.1902 File:Georges Seurat - Les Poseuses.jpg,

, '' Models'' (''Les Poseuses'') 1886-1888,

Barnes Foundation The Barnes Foundation is an art collection and educational institution promoting the appreciation of art and horticulture. Originally in Merion, the art collection moved in 2012 to a new building on Benjamin Franklin Parkway in Philadelphia, Penn ...

Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania#Municipalities, largest city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the List of United States cities by population, sixth-largest city i ...

File:Vincent van Gogh, Self-Portrait, c. 1887, oil on canvas, 15 ¾ by 13 ⅜ inches. Wadsworth Athenaeum Museum of Art, Hartford, Connecticut.jpg,

, Self-Portrait, c. 1887, oil on canvas, 40 x 34 cm (15 ¾ by 13 ⅜ in).

Wadsworth Atheneum The Wadsworth Atheneum is an art museum in Hartford, Connecticut. The Wadsworth is noted for its collections of European Baroque art, ancient Egyptian and Classical bronzes, French and American Impressionist paintings, Hudson River School lands ...

Museum of Art, Hartford, CT File:Adeline Ravoux, by Vincent van Gogh, Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.31.jpg,

, ''Portrait of Adeline Ravoux'' 1890,

Cleveland Museum of Art The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) is an art museum in Cleveland, Ohio, located in the Wade Park District, in the University Circle neighborhood on the city's east side. Internationally renowned for its substantial holdings of Asian and Egyptian ...

File:Van Gogh - Berglandschaft in Saint-Rémy.jpeg,

, ''Mountain in Saint-Rémy'', 1889,

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, often referred to as The Guggenheim, is an art museum at 1071 Fifth Avenue on the corner of East 89th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. It is the permanent home of a continuously exp ...

File:Albert Pinkham Ryder - Moonlit Cove - Google Art Project.jpg,

, ''Seacoast in Moonlight,'' 1890, the

Phillips Collection The Phillips Collection is an art museum founded by Duncan Phillips and Marjorie Acker Phillips in 1921 as the Phillips Memorial Gallery located in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Phillips was the grandson of James H. Laughlin ...

, Washington, D.C. File:Words of the Devil.jpg,

, ''Words of the Devil,'' 1892, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. File:Paul Gauguin 121.jpg,

, ''Nature morte à l'estampe japonaise (Flowers Against a Yellow Background)'', 1889, oil on canvas, 72.4 × 93.7 cm, Museum of Contemporary Art, Tehran File:Paul Gauguin 051.jpg,

, ''Tahitian Pastorals, (Reo Mā`ohi: Faa iheihe (Fa'ai'ei'e))'', 1898,

National Gallery The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The current Director ...

on loan from the

Tate Tate is an institution that houses, in a network of four art galleries, the United Kingdom's national collection of British art, and international modern and contemporary art. It is not a government institution, but its main sponsor is the U ...

File:Henri Rousseau (French) - A Centennial of Independence - Google Art Project.jpg,

Henri Rousseau Henri Julien Félix Rousseau (; 21 May 1844 – 2 September 1910)
at the Pushkin Museum File:Edvard Munch - Vampire (1895) - Google Art Project.jpg, Edvard Munch, ''Vampire'' 1893–94, Nasjonalgalleriet, Oslo File:Paul Cézanne 067.jpg,

, ''Old Woman with Rosary,'' 1895–1896 File:Paul Cézanne 013.jpg,

, ''Baigneuses'', 1877–1878 File:Julian Alden Weir 001.jpg, Julian Alden Weir, ''The Red Bridge'', 1895 File:Water-Lilies-and-Japanese-Bridge-(1897-1899)-Monet.jpg,

, ''

Water Lilies ''Water Lilies'' (or ''Nymphéas'', ) is a series of approximately 250 oil paintings by French Impressionist Claude Monet (1840–1926). The paintings depict his flower garden at his home in Giverny, and were the main focus of his artisti ...

and Japanese Bridge,'' 1897–1899 File:JohnTwachtman-Hemlock Pool c1900.jpg,

John Twachtman John Henry Twachtman (August 4, 1853 – August 8, 1902) was an American painter best known for his impressionist landscapes, though his painting style varied widely through his career. Art historians consider Twachtman's style of American Impr ...

, ''Hemlock Pool,'' c.1900 Image:Henri Edmond Cross 001.jpg,

, ''Cypresses at Cagnes,'' c.1900 File:Paul Signac Port de Marseille.jpg,

, ''Port de Marseille'', 1905,

File:André Derain, 1912, Window on the Park (La Fênetre sur le parc), 130.8 x 89.5 cm (51.5 x 35.25 in), Museum of Modern Art, NY.jpg,

, 1912, ''Window on the Park (La Fênetre sur le parc)'', 130.8 × 89.5 cm,

Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as one of ...

, New York File:Landscape in Provence (Paysage de Provence) - André Derain.jpg,

, ''Landscape in Provence (Paysage de Provence)'' (c. 1908), Brooklyn Museum,

Brooklyn Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...

File:Odilon Redon, Le Silence.jpg, Odilon Redon, ''Le Silence'', 1900, pastel, 54.6 × 54 cm,

, New York File:Roger and Angelica-Redon.jpg, Odilon Redon, ''Roger and Angelica'', 1910 File:Both Members of This Club George Bellows.jpeg, George Bellows, ''Both Members of This Club,'' 1909 File:Landscape with Figures by Othon Friesz 1909.jpg,

, ''Landscape with Figures'', 1909, oil on canvas, 65 × 83 cm File:Cardoso02.jpg,

, ''Saut du Lapin'', 1911 File:Amadeo Avant la Corrida 1912 oil on canvas 60x92cm.jpg,

, ''Avant la Corrida'', 1912, oil on canvas, 60 × 92 cm,

Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation ( pt, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian), commonly referred to simply as the Gulbenkian Foundation, is a Portuguese institution dedicated to the promotion of the arts, philanthropy, science, and education. One ...

, Lisbon, Portugal File:Robert W. Chanler, Leopard and Deer.jpg,

, ''Leopard and Deer'', 1912, gouache or tempera on canvas, mounted on wood, 194.3 × 133.4 cm, Rokeby Collection File:Edward Middleton Manigault - The Clown (1912).jpg, Edward Middleton Manigault, ''The Clown'', 1910–12, oil on canvas, 86.4 × 63.2 cm,

Columbus Museum of Art The Columbus Museum of Art (CMA) is an art museum in downtown Columbus, Ohio. Formed in 1878 as the Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts (its name until 1978), it was the first art museum to register its charter with the state of Ohio. The museum collect ...

, Ohio File:Still Life Patrick Henry Bruce.jpeg,

, ''Still Life'', ca. 1912 File:Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Spielende nackte Menschen 1910-1.jpg,

, ''Naked Playing People'', 1910 File:Vassily Kandinsky, 1912 - Improvisation 27, Garden of Love II.jpg,

, ''Improvisation 27 (Garden of Love II)'', 1912, oil on canvas, 47 3/8 x 55 1/4 in. (120.3 x 140.3 cm), The

, New York File:Maurice B. Prendergast, Landscape With Figures, 1913.jpg,

, ''Landscape With Figures'', 1913 File:Robert Henri - Figure en mouvement.jpg,

, ''Figure in Motion'', 1913 File:Arthur B. Davies - Reclining Woman (Drawing), 1911.jpg, Arthur B. Davies, ''Reclining Woman (Drawing),'', 1911, Pastel on gray paper File:Matisse.mme-matisse-madras.jpg,

, '' Madras Rouge'', ''The Red Turban'', 1907,

File:Matisse Souvenir de Biskra.jpg,

, '' Blue Nude (Souvenir de Biskra)'', 1907,

Baltimore Museum of Art The Baltimore Museum of Art (BMA) in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, is an art museum that was founded in 1914. The BMA's collection of 95,000 objects encompasses more than 1,000 works by Henri Matisse anchored by the Cone Collection of ...

File:Henri Matisse, Le Luxe II, 1907–8, Distemper on canvas; 82 1-2 x 54 3-4 in. (209.5 x 138 cm), Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen.jpg,

, ''Le Luxe II'', 1907–08, distemper on canvas, 209.5 × 138 cm,

Statens Museum for Kunst The National Gallery of Denmark ( da, Statens Museum for Kunst, also known as "SMK", literally State Museum for Art) is the Danish national gallery, located in the centre of Copenhagen. The museum collects, registers, maintains, researches and han ...

, Copenhagen File:Atelier rouge matisse 1.jpg,

, ''

'', 1911, oil on canvas, 162 × 130 cm.,

The Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as one of th ...

File:Pablo Picasso, 1910, Woman with Mustard Pot (La Femme au pot de moutarde), oil on canvas, 73 x 60 cm, Gemeentemuseum, The Hague. Exhibited at the Armory Show, New York, Chicago, Boston 1913.jpg,

, 1910, '' Woman with Mustard Pot (La Femme au pot de moutarde)'', oil on canvas, 73 x 60 cm, Gemeentemuseum, The Hague File:Georges Braque, 1912, Violin, Mozart Kubelick, oil on canvas, 45.7 x 61 cm (18 x 24 in), Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg, Georges Braque, ''Violin: "Mozart Kubelick"'', 1912, oil on canvas, 45.7 × 61 cm,

File:Albert Gleizes, 1910, Femme aux Phlox, oil on canvas, 81 x 100 cm, exhibited Armory Show, New York, 1913, The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston..jpg,

, 1910, '' La Femme aux Phlox (Woman with Phlox)'', oil on canvas, 81 x 100 cm, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston File:Albert Gleizes, l'Homme au Balcon, 1912, oil on canvas, 195.6 x 114.9 cm, Philadelphia Museum of Art.jpg,

, '' L'Homme au Balcon, Man on a Balcony (Portrait of Dr. Théo Morinaud)'', 1912, Philadelphia Museum of Art. Published in th
Record Herald, Chicago, 25 March 1913
(see page 140) File:Duchamp - Nude Descending a Staircase.jpg,

, ''

,'' 1912, Philadelphia Museum of Art File:Marcel Duchamp, 1911-12, Nude (Study), Sad Young Man on a Train (Nu -esquisse-, jeune homme triste dans un train), Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice.jpg,

, 1911-1912, ''Nude (Study), Sad Young Man on a Train (Nu, esquisse, jeune homme triste dans un train)'', oil on cardboard mounted on Masonite, 100 × 73 cm,

Peggy Guggenheim Collection The Peggy Guggenheim Collection is an art museum on the Grand Canal in the Dorsoduro ''sestiere'' of Venice, Italy. It is one of the most visited attractions in Venice. The collection is housed in the , an 18th-century palace, which was the home ...

, Venice File:Francis Picabia, ca.1910, Grimaldi après la pluie (after the rain), location unknown.jpg,

, ''Grimaldi après la pluie'' (believed to be ''Souvenir of Grimaldi, Italy''), ca. 1912, location unknown File:Francis Picabia, The Dance at the Spring, 1912, oil on canvas, Philadelphia Museum of Art.jpg,

, ''The Dance at the Spring'', 1912, oil on canvas, 47 7/16 × 47 1/2 inches (120.5 × 120.6 cm), Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia File:Francis Picabia, 1912, The Procession, Seville, oil on canvas, 121.9 x 121.9 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC.jpg,

, ''The Procession, Seville'', 1912, oil on canvas, 121.9 × 121.9 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. File:Robert Delaunay- Window on the City, No. 4 1910-11 (1912).jpg,

, ''Window on the City, No. 4'', 1910-11 (1912) File:Jacques Villon, 1912, Girl at the Piano, oil on canvas, 129.2 x 96.4 cm, Museum of Modern Art, New York...jpg,

, 1912, ''Girl at the Piano (Fillette au piano)'', oil on canvas, 129.2 x 96.4 cm, oval,

, New York. Exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show, New York, Chicago and Boston. Purchased from the Armory Show by John Quinn File:Aristide Maillol, Bas Relief, terracota, Armory Show catalogue image.jpg,

, ''Bas Relief'', terracotta. Exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show, New York, Chicago, Boston. Catalogue image (no. 110) File:Alexander Archipenko, 1910-11, Negress (La Negresse), Armory Show catalogue photo.jpg,

, 1910–11, ''Negress (La Negresse)'', Armory Show catalogue photo File:Alexander Archipenko, La Vie Familiale, Family Life, 1912.jpg,

, ''La Vie Familiale'' (''Family Life''), 1912. Exhibited at the 1912

Salon d'Automne The Salon d'Automne (; en, Autumn Salon), or Société du Salon d'automne, is an art exhibition held annually in Paris, France. Since 2011, it is held on the Champs-Élysées, between the Grand Palais and the Petit Palais, in mid-October. The f ...

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...

and the 1913 Armory Show in New York, Chicago and Boston. The original sculpture (approx six feet tall) was accidentally destroyed File:Alexander Archipenko, 1912, Le Repos, Armory Show post card, 1913.jpg,

, ''Le Repos'', 1912, Armory Show postcard published in 1913 File:Constantin Brancusi, 1909, Portrait De Femme (La Baronne Renée Frachon), now lost. Armory Show, published press clipping, 1913.jpg, Constantin Brâncuși, 1909, ''Portrait De Femme (La Baronne Renée Frachon)'', now lost. Armory Show, published press clipping, 1913 File:Constantin Brancusi, Portrait of Mlle Pogany, 1912, Philadelphia Museum of Modern Art, Philadelphia..jpg, Constantin Brâncuși, 1912, ''Portrait of Mlle Pogany'', Philadelphia Museum of Art. Armory Show postcard File:Constantin Brancusi, 1907-08, The Kiss, Exhibited at the Armory Show and published in the Chicago Tribune, 25 March 1913..jpg, Constantin Brâncuși, ''The Kiss'', 1907-1908, published in the ''Chicago Tribune'', March 25, 1913 File:Constantine Brancusi, Une Muse, 1912, plaster, 45.7 cm (18 in.). Armory Show postcard.jpg, Constantin Brâncuși, ''Une Muse'', 1912, plaster, 45.7 cm (18 in.) Armory Show postcard. Exhibited: New York (no. 618); The Art Institute of Chicago (no. 26) and Boston, Copley Hall (no. 8) File:Andrew Dasburg, Lucifer, 1913, plaster of Paris, exhibited at the 1913 Armory show, no. 647.jpg,

, ca. 1912, ''Lucifer'', plaster of Paris, no. 647 of the catalogue. Dasburg extensively reworked by carving directly into a sculpture of a life-size plaster head by Arthur Lee
American Studies at the University of Virginia
File:Abastenia St. Leger Eberle, 1912-13, The White Slave.jpg,

Abastenia St. Leger Eberle Abastenia St. Leger Eberle (April 6, 1878 – February 26, 1942) was an American sculptor known for her energetic, small bronze sculptures depicting poor immigrants on New York's City's Lower East Side. As an artist, Eberle had strong beliefs an ...

, 1912–13, ''The White Slave''. Photograph from ''The Survey'', Journal Publication, Ohio, May 3, 1913 File:John Frederick Mowbray-Clarke, Group, Armory show postcard, 1913.jpg,

, ca. 1912, ''Group'', sculpture, Armory show postcard File:Wilhelm Lehmbruck, 1911, Femme á genoux (The Kneeling One), cast stone, plaster, 176 x 138 x 70 cm (69.2 x 54.5 x 27.5 in), Armory Show postcard.jpg,

, 1911, ''Femme á genoux (The Kneeling One)'', cast stone, 176 × 138 × 70 cm, Armory Show postcard File:Raymond Duchamp-Villon, 1910, Torse de jeune homme (Torso of a young man), terracotta, Armory Show postcard, published 1913.jpg,

, 1910–11, ''Torse de jeune homme (Torso of a young man)'', terracotta, 60.4 cm (23 3/4 in), Armory Show postcard, published 1913.

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden The Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden is an art museum beside the National Mall, in Washington, D.C., the United States. The museum was initially endowed during the 1960s with the permanent art collection of Joseph H. Hirshhorn. It was desig ...

Smithsonian Institution The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums and education and research centers, the largest such complex in the world, created by the U.S. government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge". Founded ...

, Washington, D.C. File:Rock Drill by Jacob Epstein.jpg,

, ''The Rock Drill,'' 1913, in its original form, it is now lost. File:Héraklès tue les oiseaux du lac Stymphale.jpg, Antoine Bourdelle, ''Herakles the Archer,'' 1909 File:George Grey Barnard, The Birth, marble, exhibited at the Armory Show, 1913.jpg,

, ''The Birth'', c. 1913, marble

Special installation

La Maison Cubiste (Cubist House)

At the 1912

an architectural installation was exhibited that quickly became known as ''Maison Cubiste'' (Cubist House), signed

and

André Mare Charles André Mare (1885–1932), or André-Charles Mare, was a French painter and textile designer, and co-founder of the Company of French Art (''la Compagnie des Arts Français'') in 1919. He was a designer of colorful textiles, and was one o ...

along with a group of collaborators. Metzinger and Gleizes in ''Du "Cubisme"'', written during the assemblage of the "Maison Cubiste", wrote about the autonomous nature of art, stressing the point that decorative considerations should not govern the spirit of art. Decorative work, to them, was the "antithesis of the picture". "The true picture" wrote Metzinger and Gleizes, "bears its ''raison d'être'' within itself. It can be moved from a church to a

drawing-room A drawing room is a room in a house where visitors may be entertained, and an alternative name for a living room. The name is derived from the 16th-century terms withdrawing room and withdrawing chamber, which remained in use through the 17th cent ...

, from a museum to a study. Essentially independent, necessarily complete, it need not immediately satisfy the mind: on the contrary, it should lead it, little by little, towards the fictitious depths in which the coordinative light resides. It does not harmonize with this or that ensemble; it harmonizes with things in general, with the universe: it is an organism...". "Mare's ensembles were accepted as frames for Cubist works because they allowed paintings and sculptures their independence", writes Christopher Green, "creating a play of contrasts, hence the involvement not only of Gleizes and Metzinger themselves, but of Marie Laurencin, the Duchamp brothers (Raymond Duchamp-Villon designed the facade) and Mare's old friends Léger and Roger La Fresnaye". ''La Maison Cubiste'' was a fully furnished house, with a staircase, wrought iron banisters, a living room—the ''Salon Bourgeois'', where paintings by Marcel Duchamp, Metzinger (''Woman with a Fan''), Gleizes, Laurencin and Léger were hung—and a bedroom. It was an example of ''L'art décoratif'', a home within which Cubist art could be displayed in the comfort and style of modern, bourgeois life. Spectators at the Salon d'Automne passed through the full-scale 10-by-3-meter plaster model of the ground floor of the facade, designed by Duchamp-Villon. This architectural installation was subsequently exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show, New York, Chicago and Boston, listed in the catalogue of the New York exhibit as Raymond Duchamp-Villon, number 609, and entitled ''"Facade architectural, plaster"'' (''Façade architecturale'')."Catalogue of international exhibition of modern art: at the Armory of the Sixty-ninth Infantry, 1913, Duchamp-Villon, Raymond, ''Facade Architectural''
/ref>

Sources

* Sarah Douglas.
Pier Pressure
" March 26, 2008. Archived on April 11, 2008. * ''Catalogue of International Exhibition of Modern Art, at the Armory of the Sixty-Ninth Infantry, Feb 15 to March 15, 1913.'' Association of American Painters and Sculptors, 1913. * Walt Kuhn. ''The Story of the Armory Show.'' New York, 1938. * Milton W. Brown. ''The Story of the Armory Show.'' Joseph H. Hirshhorn Foundation, distributed by New York Graphic Society, 1963. epublished by Abbeville Press, 1988.* ''1913 Armory Show 50th Anniversary Exhibition.'' Text by Milton W. Brown. Utica: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1963.
Walter Pach Papers
Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
Walt Kuhn, Kuhn Family Papers, and Armory Show Records
Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution

References

External links

1913 Armory Show

''The Armory Show at 100: Modern Art and Revolution'', The New-York Historical Society

Smithsonian, Archives of American Art, Walt Kuhn scrapbook of press clippings documenting the Armory Show, vol. 2, 1913. Armory Show catalogue (illustrated) from pages 159 through 236

Catalogue of international exhibition of modern art Association of American Painters and Sculptors. Published 1913 by the Association in New York

1913 Armory Show: the Story in Primary Sources
Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution

from the American Studies Programs at the University of Virginia
Works of art exhibited at the Armory Show of the association of American Painters and Sculptors, New York
Library of Congress
''The Armory Show at 100: Armory Show 1913 Complete List'', The New-York Historical Society

Armory shows after 1913

The "New" Armory Show

Artkrush.com feature on the 2006 Armory Show (March, 2006)

2010 Armory Show

Swann Galleries – The Armory Show at 100 – Exhibition through November 5, 2013

Armory Show 2014: List of exhibiting galleries
{{Authority control Art exhibitions in the United States Modern art 1913 in art 1913 in New York City Cultural history of the United States Culture of New York City February 1913 events March 1913 events

History

Floor plan

Legacy

Commemorating the centennial

List of artists

List of women artists

Images

Selected painting and sculpture

Special installation

La Maison Cubiste (Cubist House)

Sources

See also

References

External links

1913 Armory Show

Armory shows after 1913