Intelligence-based design
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Intelligence-based design is the purposeful manipulation of the built-environment to effectively engage humans in an essential manner through complex organized information. Intelligence-Based Theory evidences the conterminous relationship between mind and matter, i.e. the direct neurological evaluations of surface, structure, pattern, texture and form. Intelligence-Based Theory maintains that our sense of well-being is established through neuro-engagement with the physical world at the deepest level common to all people i.e. "Innate Intelligence." These precursory readings of the physical environment represent an evolved set of information processing skills that the human mind has developed over millennia through direct lived experience. This physiological engagement with the world operates in a more immediate sense than the summary events of applied meaning or intellectual speculation. It is through this direct neurological engagement that humans connect more fully with the world. Many of mankind's early religious associations with physical structures were informed by an intuitive understanding that structure and materials speak to our deeper self, i.e. the human spirit, the soul. Intelligence Based Theory reveals this effectual dimension of the built-environment and its relationship to human cognitive development, mental acuity, perceptual awareness, spirituality, and sense of well-being. It is within this realm that the mind's eye connects, or fails to connect, with the world outside. The degree of neuro-connectivity which occurs at these intervals serves to render the built-environment either intelligible or un-intelligible. The study and theory of this occurrence is known as "Intelligence-Based Design."


Antecedents

Several distinct strands of design thinking, in parallel development, lead towards Intelligence-Based Design.
Christopher Alexander Christopher Wolfgang John Alexander (4 October 1936 – 17 March 2022) was an Austrian-born British-American architect and design theorist. He was an emeritus professor at the University of California, Berkeley. His theories about the nature o ...
contributed early on to the scientific approach to design, by proposing a theory of design in his book
Notes on the synthesis of form ''Notes on the Synthesis of Form'' is a book by Christopher Alexander about the process of design. Design Alexander defines design as "the process of inventing things which display new physical order, organization, form, in response to function.. ...
. Those were the years when Artificial Intelligence was being developed by Herbert A. Simon, and Alexander was part of that movement. His later work A Pattern Language, although written for architects and urbanists, was picked up by the software community and used as a combinatorial and organizational rubric for software complexity, especially
Design patterns (computer science) In software engineering, a software design pattern is a general, reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem within a given context in software design. It is not a finished design that can be transformed directly into source or machine co ...
. Alexander's most recent work The Nature of Order continues by building up a framework for design that relies upon natural and biological structures. Entirely separate from this, E. O. Wilson introduced the Biophilia hypothesis to describe the affinity of humans to other living structures, and to conjecture our innate need for such a connection. This topic was later investigated by Stephen R. Kellert and others, and applied to the design of the artificial environment. The third and independent component of the theory is the recent developments in mobile robotics by Rodney Brooks, where a breakthrough occurred by largely dispensing with internal memory. The practical concept of "Intelligence without representation" otherwise known as the Subsumption architecture and Behavior-based robotics introduced by Brooks suggests a parallel with the way human beings interact with, and design their own environment. These notions are brought together in Intelligence-Based Design, which is a topic currently under investigation for design applications in both architecture and urbanism.


References

*Stephen R. Kellert, Judith Heerwagen, and Martin Mador, Editors, BIOPHILIC DESIGN: THE THEORY, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE OF BRINGING BUILDINGS TO LIFE, John Wiley, New York, 2008. *Masden, K. G. II, “Architecture, Nature, and Human Intelligence,” The History of Mundaneum 1999-2009, IUCN/International Union for the Conservation of Nature & MUNDANEUM, Spanish versions, 2009. *Salingaros, Nikos A., & Masden, K. G. II,
Intelligence-Based Design: A Sustainable Foundation for Architectural Education World Wide
” International Journal of Architectural Research, MIT, Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2008, pp. 129–188. *Salingaros, Nikos A., & Masden, K. G. II, “Restructuring 21st Century Architecture Through Human Intelligence,” Inaugural issue of International Journal of Architectural Research, MIT, Vol.1, Issue 1, 2007, pp. 36–52. {{Design Design Cognition Architectural design