India–Mexico relations
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Mexico–India relations (; ), also called Mexican-Indian relations or Indo-Mexican relations, are the diplomatic relations between India and Mexico. Both nations are members of the
G-20 major economies The G20 or Group of Twenty is an Intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental forum comprising 19 countries and the European Union (EU). It works to address major issues related to the World economy, global economy, such as international f ...
and the United Nations.


History

During colonialism in both India and Mexico, relations and trade were carried out by the Spanish who through the
Manila-Acapulco Galleon fil, Galyon ng Maynila , english_name = Manila Galleon , duration = From 1565 to 1815 (250 years) , venue = Between Manila and Acapulco , location = New Spain (Spanish Empire) ...
traded with Indian traders and brought their products to
New Spain New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( es, Virreinato de Nueva España, ), or Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Am ...
(present day Mexico). In the 1500s, a few hundred Indians were taken as slaves and transported to Mexico. In the 1600s, an Indian woman in Mexico known as Catarina de San Juan was kidnapped by Portuguese pirates and brought to the Philippines. From there, she was brought to Mexico and sold to a man in the Mexican State of
Puebla Puebla ( en, colony, settlement), officially Free and Sovereign State of Puebla ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Puebla), is one of the 32 states which comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 217 municipalities and its cap ...
. Her presence in Puebla inspired the creation of the China poblana dress, based on the traditional gowns that she wore. In 1947, Mexico became the first Latin American nation to recognize the independence of India from the United Kingdom.Bilateral relations between Mexico and India (in Spanish)
/ref> On first 1 August 1950, both nations established diplomatic relations and on the following year, Mexico opened an embassy in Delhi. To show the importance of the new relations between the two nations, the first Mexican ambassador to India was former Mexican President Emilio Portes Gil. In 1962, Nobel Prize laureate Octavio Paz was named ambassador to India. In 1961, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Indian head-of-state to pay a visit to Mexico. In 1962, Mexican President Adolfo López Mateos paid an official visit to India. There would be many more high-level visits between leaders of both nations.Appointment of new Mexican Ambassador to India (in Spanish)
/ref> During the
Goa liberation movement The Goa liberation movement was a movement which fought to end Portuguese colonial rule in Goa, Portuguese India. The movement built on the small scale revolts and uprisings of the 19th century, and grew powerful during the period 1940–196 ...
, when Indo-Portuguese tensions soared, Mexico offered the Indian government its influence in Latin America to bring pressure on the Portuguese to relieve tensions. Both nations work closely in several multilateral organizations. The Sonora variety of Mexican wheat was fundamental in the Green Revolution in India. In 2010, India opened a cultural center in Mexico City in response to the broad interests manifested in Mexico by the different facets of Indian culture and lifestyle. In June 2016, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid an official visit to Mexico. While in Mexico, Prime Minister Modi met with President Enrique Peña Nieto and the two leaders held bilateral, political and economic partnership discussions. In March 2022, Mexican Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard paid a visit to India and met with his counterpart
S. Jaishankar Subrahmanyam Jaishankar (born 9 January 1955) is an Indian diplomat and politician serving as the Minister of External Affairs of the Government of India since 30 May 2019. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party and a Member of Parliame ...
. While in India, Ebrard met with local business leaders in order to increase trade relations between India and Mexico. Ebrard also announced the upcoming opening of a Mexican consulate in Mumbai. The Consulate in Mumbai was opened in March 2023.


High-level visits

High-level visits from India to Mexico * Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru (1961) * Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (; Given name, ''née'' Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician and a central figure of the Indian National Congress. She was elected as third prime minister of India in 1966 ...
(1981) * President Zail Singh (1984) * Prime Minister
Rajiv Gandhi Rajiv Gandhi (; 20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991) was an Indian politician who served as the sixth prime minister of India from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the 1984 assassination of his mother, then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, to beco ...
(1986) * President Pratibha Patil (2008) * Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh Manmohan Singh (; born 26 September 1932) is an Indian politician, economist and statesman who served as the 13th prime minister of India from 2004 to 2014. He is also the third longest-serving prime minister after Jawaharlal Nehru and Indir ...
(2012) * Prime Minister Narendra Modi (2016) High-level visits from Mexico to India * President Adolfo López Mateos (1962) * President Luis Echeverría (1975) * President José López Portillo (1981) * President
Miguel de la Madrid Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado (; 12 December 1934 – 1 April 2012) was a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as the 59th president of Mexico from 1982 to 1988. Inheriting a severe economic an ...
(1985) * President Felipe Calderón (2007) * Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard (2022)


Bilateral agreements

Both nations have signed numerous bilateral agreements such as an Agreement on Cultural Cooperation (1975); Agreement on Scientific and Technical Cooperation (1975); Agreement on Economic and Financial Cooperation (1982); Agreement on Touristic Cooperation (1996); Memorandum of Understanding on Communication Cooperation (1996); Agreement on Cultural and Educational Exchanges (2005); Agreement on Visa Exemption for Official and Diplomatic Passports (2005); Extradition treaty (2006); Agreement on the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments (2007) and an Air service agreement (2008).


Migration

The Indian community in Mexico is relatively small and estimated to be around 5,500; comprising mostly software engineers of Indian IT companies. There are several executives in the Indian and international companies, academics/professors in the local universities and some private businessmen in textile and garment business. Most Indian academics and businessmen are permanent residents of Mexico, the rest are on short term work assignments of 2–3 years and get replaced after that.


Trade

In 2018, two-way trade between both nations amounted to US$10 billion. India's main exports to Mexico include: textiles, gems, jewelry, leather and software. Mexico's main exports to India include: petroleum, machinery, fertilizers and chemicals. Several Mexican multinational companies operate in India such as Cinépolis,
Gruma Gruma, S.A.B. de C.V., known as Gruma, is a Mexican multinational corn flour (masa) and tortilla manufacturing company headquartered in San Pedro, near Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. It is the largest corn flour and tortilla manufacturer in t ...
, Grupo Bimbo, KidZania, and Nemak. Approximately 174 Indian companies invest and operate in Mexico.


Resident diplomatic missions

* India has an embassy in Mexico City. * Mexico has an embassy in New Delhi and a consulate in Mumbai.Embassy of Mexico in New Delhi
/ref>


See also

* Hinduism in Mexico *
Indian Mexicans Indian Mexicans are Mexican citizens who are descendants of migrants from India. History Early immigration The first Indians arrived in Mexico during the colonial era. During this period, thousands of Asians arrived via the Manila galleons ...
*
Manabendra Nath Roy Manabendra Nath Roy (born Narendra Nath Bhattacharya, better known as M. N. Roy; 21 March 1887 – 25 January 1954) was an Indian revolutionary, radical activist and political theorist, as well as a noted philosopher in the 20th century. Roy ...


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:India-Mexico relations Bilateral relations of Mexico Mexico