The kuna was the

currency A currency, "in circulation", from la, currens, -entis, literally meaning "running" or "traversing" is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins. A more general ...

of the

Independent State of Croatia The Independent State of Croatia ( sh, Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH; german: Unabhängiger Staat Kroatien; it, Stato indipendente di Croazia) was a World War II-era puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy (1922–1943), Fascist It ...

in the period between 1941 and 1945 during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

. The word ''

kuna Kuna may refer to: Places * Kuna, Idaho, a town in the United States ** Kuna Caves, a lava tube in Idaho * Kuna Peak, a mountain in California * , a village in the Orebić municipality, Croatia * , a village in the Konavle municipality, Croatia ...

'' means " marten" in Croatian and the same word is used for the current Croatian kuna currency. This kuna was subdivided into 100 ''banica''. It was preceded and replaced by the

Yugoslav dinar The dinar (Cyrillic script: динар) was the currency of the three Yugoslav states: the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (formerly the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes), the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and the Federal Republic of Yu ...

History

The Croatian kuna was introduced in the

(NDH) on 26 July 1941. The kuna replaced the

at par and was fixed to the German Reichsmark (ℛℳ) with dual exchange rates, one fixed at 20 kuna = 1 ℛℳ, the other a state-stimulated rate of *31 December 1941 - 25.00 Kn = 1 ℛℳ *31 December 1942 - 37.50 Kn = 1 ℛℳ *31 December 1943 - 40.00 Kn = 1 ℛℳ *31 December 1944 - 80.00 Kn = 1 ℛℳ *6 May 1945 - 120.00 Kn = 1 ℛℳ The kuna was withdrawn from circulation from 30 June to 9 July 1945 and replaced by the 1944 issue of the Yugoslav dinar at a rate of 40 kuna = 1 dinar.

Coins

Zinc coins were issued in denominations of 1 and 2 kune in 1941, but only the 2 kune pieces are available today in appreciable numbers.

Banknotes

Kuna banknotes were introduced by the government in 1941, in denominations of 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 kuna. These were followed in 1942 by notes for 50 banicas and 1 and 2 kunas. In 1943, the ''Hrvatska Državna Banka'' (Croatian State Bank) introduced 100, 1000 and 5000 kuna notes. The notes were printed in Germany by Giesecke & Devrient.

Competing issues

Notes were also issued by partisan groups. These included the

Zagreb Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns, largest city of Croatia. It is in the Northern Croatia, northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slop ...

Government Region Anti-Fascist Authority (''Oblasni narodno-oslobodilački odbor Zagrebačke oblasti'') and the State Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Croatia - ZAVNOH (''Zemaljsko antifašističko vijeće narodnog oslobođenja Hrvatske''). The Zagreb Government Region issued notes for 500, 1000, 5000, 10,000 and 50,000 kunas. The ZAVNOH issued notes in 1943, denominated in both dinars and kunas, for 100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10,000 and 100,000 kunas/dinars. Notes for 100, 500 and 1000 liras were also issued without indication as to the value in kunas.

History

Coins

Banknotes

Competing issues

See also