The Ilyushin Il-1 (
Cyrillic
, bg, кирилица , mk, кирилица , russian: кириллица , sr, ћирилица, uk, кирилиця
, fam1 = Egyptian hieroglyphs
, fam2 = Proto-Sinaitic
, fam3 = Phoenician
, fam4 = G ...
Илью́шин Ил-1) was a Soviet
fighter aircraft
Fighter aircraft are fixed-wing military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat. In military conflict, the role of fighter aircraft is to establish air superiority of the battlespace. Domination of the airspace above a battlefield ...
developed during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
by the
Ilyushin
The public joint stock company Ilyushin Aviation Complex, operating as Ilyushin (russian: Илью́шин) or as Ilyushin Design Bureau, is a former Soviet and now a Russian aircraft manufacturer and design bureau, founded in 1933 by Sergey Vl ...
design bureau. It was designed in 1943 as an armored fighter for use at low and medium altitudes against the latest German fighters, but by the time it made its first flight in 1944, the Soviets had already achieved
air superiority
Aerial supremacy (also air superiority) is the degree to which a side in a conflict holds control of air power over opposing forces. There are levels of control of the air in aerial warfare. Control of the air is the aerial equivalent of c ...
and it was therefore redundant. Only one example was built, but the parallel two-seat attack version led to the successful
Ilyushin Il-10.
Development
In 1943,
Sergey Ilyushin
Sergey Vladimirovich Ilyushin (russian: Серге́й Владимирович Илью́шин; – 9 February 1977) was a Soviet aircraft designer who founded the Ilyushin aircraft design bureau. He designed the Il-2 Shturmovik, which mad ...
started work on a new aircraft, the Il-1 armoured
fighter, in both single- and two-seat versions. The Il-1 was similar to the
Ilyushin Il-2 design, but was more modern and compact, and powered with a new Mikulin engine, the
AM-42. The Il-1 used the same principle of a stress-bearing armored shell to protect the engine and pilot as did the Il-2, but protection was increased by moving the oil cooler and radiator inside the shell, cooled by wing-root ducts that exhausted through an armored slot on the underside. The landing gear retracted aft and the wheels rotated to lie flat within the wings. The two
VYa-23
The Volkov-Yartsev VYa-23 (Волков-Ярцев ВЯ-23) is a autocannon, used on Soviet Union, Soviet aircraft during World War II.
Development
In 1940 in aviation, 1940, A.A. Volkov and S.A. Yartsev created an autocannon, called TKB-201 fo ...
cannon were carried over from the Il-2, but they were its only gun armament. of bombs could be carried externally in overload condition. A cassette of ten AG-2 aerial grenades was carried to drop in the path of pursuing fighters.
The Il-1 made its first flight on 19 May 1944 and demonstrated a top speed of during its manufacturer's trials, but this was significantly less than that of Soviet fighters already in service and Ilyushin decided not to submit it for State acceptance trials.
From the beginning, Ilyushin had decided to turn the two-seat version of the Il-1 into a ground-attack aircraft, with the designation changed to
Ilyushin Il-10 in April 1944 as odd numbers were reserved for fighters. The Il-10 first flew on 19 April 1944, and underwent successful state trials the following month.
[Gordon, p. 47]
Operators
;
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Soviet Air Force
The Soviet Air Forces ( rus, Военно-воздушные силы, r=Voyenno-vozdushnyye sily, VVS; literally "Military Air Forces") were one of the air forces of the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces. The Air Forces ...
Specifications (Il-1)
See also
Notes
References
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{{Ilyushin aircraft
Il-001
1940s Soviet fighter aircraft
Abandoned military aircraft projects of the Soviet Union
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1944