''Iliana'' is a genus of
skippers in the family
Hesperiidae. It was described in 1937 by Ernest Layton Bell, with ''Iliana romulus'' as type species. The genus has a
neotropical
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone.
Definition
In bioge ...
distribution.
Distribution
Species mainly occur in
Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg
, image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
, other_symbol = Great Seal of the State
, other_symbol_type = National seal
, national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...
,
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
and
Bolivia, with one species, ''Iliana remus'', additionally known from
French Guiana
French Guiana ( or ; french: link=no, Guyane ; gcr, label=French Guianese Creole, Lagwiyann ) is an overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France on the northern Atlantic coast of South America in the Guianas. ...
.
Taxonomy
Placement within the Hesperiidae
The placement of ''Iliana'' within the Hesperiidae is not fully resolved. It has traditionally been placed within the Pyrgini, but Warren et al. (2008, 2009) place it in
Carcharodini, which has been followed by many but not all subsequent publications including the genus. Mielke and Casagrande (2016) argue for its placement to remain in tribe
Pyrgini
The Pyrgini are a tribe (biology), tribe in the skipper butterfly subfamily Pyrginae. Formerly, when only four tribes of Pyrginae were recognized, the Pyrgini contained the largest number of genera among these. But this overly wide delimitation h ...
until more in-depth reclassification has taken place.
Species
At the time the genus was erected, it contained two species, ''Iliana remus'' and ''Iliana romulus'', with the latter assigned as type species.
Both species were at the time newly described by Bell from specimens from the collection of Hesperiidae held by the
National Museum of Natural History
The National Museum of Natural History is a natural history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States. It has free admission and is open 364 days a year. In 2021, with 7 ...
. The specimens were originally collected at the
Putumayo river
The Putumayo River or Içá River ( es, Río Putumayo, pt, Rio Içá) is one of the tributaries of the Amazon River, southwest of and parallel to the Japurá River.
Course
The Putumayo River forms part of Colombia's border with Ecuador, as well ...
in
Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg
, image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
, other_symbol = Great Seal of the State
, other_symbol_type = National seal
, national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...
.
In 1953, Evans transferred ''Telemiades purpurascens'' and ''Echelatus heros'' to ''Iliana'', and described a new subspecies of the latter, ''Iliana heros heroica''.
In a 2016 revision by Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke and Mirna Martins Casagrande, several changes to the genus were made: ''Eurypterus peruvianus'' and ''Tosta sapasoa'' were transferred to ''Iliana''; ''Tosta capra'' and ''Tosta saltarana'' were synonymized to ''Iliana romulus''; ''I. purpurascens'', ''I. heros'' and ''I. heros heroica'' were transferred out of the genus; and three new species of ''Iliana'' were described.
As of Mielke & Casagrande 2016, the genus contains the following species:
*''
Iliana peruvianus''
(Mabille, 1883)
*''
Iliana bolivianus''
Mielke & Casagrande, 2016
*''
Iliana miersi
''Iliana'' is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. It was described in 1937 by Ernest Layton Bell, with ''Iliana romulus'' as type species. The genus has a neotropical distribution.
Distribution
Species mainly occur in Peru, Brazil ...
''
Mielke & Casagrande, 2016
*''
Iliana nirtoni''
Mielke & Casagrande, 2016
*''
Iliana sapasoa
''Iliana'' is a genus of skippers in the family Hesperiidae. It was described in 1937 by Ernest Layton Bell, with ''Iliana romulus'' as type species. The genus has a neotropical distribution.
Distribution
Species mainly occur in Peru, Brazil ...
''
(Nicolay, 1973)
*''
Iliana remus''
E.L. Bell, 1937
*''
Iliana romulus''
E.L. Bell, 1937
Formerly included
*''Iliana heros''
(Mabille & Boulet, 1916) – originally ''
Echelatus heros'' – now ''
Austinus heros''
**''Iliana heros heroica''
Evans, 1953 – transferred as ''Austinus heros heroica'' by Mielke & Casagrande – elevated to species ''
Austinus heroica'' by Li et al. 2019
*''Iliana purpurascens''
(Mabille & Boullet, 1912) – originally ''
Telemiades purpurascens'' – now ''
Emmelus purpurascens''
Original description
In
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1763111
Pyrginae
Hesperiidae genera