Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), or noninfectious pneumonia are a class of
diffuse lung disease
Interstitial lung disease (ILD), or diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), is a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium (the tissue and space around the alveoli (air sacs)) of the lungs. It concerns alveolar epithelium, pulmon ...
s. These diseases typically affect the pulmonary
interstitium, although some also have a component affecting the airways (for instance,
cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), formerly known as bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), is an inflammation of the bronchioles ( bronchiolitis) and surrounding tissue in the lungs. It is a form of idiopathic interstitial pn ...
). There are seven recognized distinct subtypes of IIP.
Diagnosis
Classification can be complex,
and the combined efforts of
clinicians,
radiologist
Radiology ( ) is the medical discipline that uses medical imaging to diagnose diseases and guide their treatment, within the bodies of humans and other animals. It began with radiography (which is why its name has a root referring to radiat ...
s, and
pathologist
Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in t ...
s can help in the generation of a more specific diagnosis.
Idiopathic
An idiopathic disease is any disease with an unknown cause or mechanism of apparent spontaneous origin. From Greek ἴδιος ''idios'' "one's own" and πάθος ''pathos'' "suffering", ''idiopathy'' means approximately "a disease of its own kin ...
interstitial pneumonia can be subclassified based on
histologic appearance into the following patterns:
[Leslie KO, Wick MR. Practical Pulmonary Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach. Elsevier Inc. 2005. .]
Usual interstitial pneumonia is the most common type.
Development
Table 1: Development of the (histologic) idiopathic interstitial pneumonia classification
UIP=usual interstitial pneumonia; DAD=diffuse alveolar damage; NSIP=non-specific interstitial pneumonia; DIP=desquamative interstitial pneumonia; RB=respiratory bronchiolitis; BIP=bronchiolitis obliterans interstitial pneumonia; OP=organizing pneumonia; LIP=lymphoid interstitial pneumonia; LPD=lymphoproliferative disease
Lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) refer to a specific class of diagnoses, comprising a group of several conditions, in which lymphocytes are produced in excessive quantities. These disorders primarily present in patients who have a compromised i ...
(not considered a diffuse lung disease); GIP=giant cell interstitial pneumonia
In folklore, giants (from Ancient Greek: '' gigas'', cognate giga-) are beings of human-like appearance, but are at times prodigious in size and strength or bear an otherwise notable appearance. The word ''giant'' is first attested in 1297 fr ...
; HMF=heavy metal fibrosis, no longer grouped with diffuse lung disease
Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia was originally included in this category, then excluded, then included again.
References
External links
{{Respiratory pathology
Pneumonia
Idiopathic diseases