Ibn Al‐Raqqam Muḥammad Ibn Ibrahim Al‐Mursi Al‐Andalusi Al‐Tunisi Al‐Awsi ( ar, ابن الرقام الأوسي) also known as Ibn Al‐Raqqam was a 13th century Andalusian-Arab

astronomer An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies – in either ...

mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History On ...

and

physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...

; but also a Sunni Muslim

theologian Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...

and jurist.

Biography

Abu Abdullah Ibn Al-Raqam was born in

Murcia Murcia (, , ) is a city in south-eastern Spain, the capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia, and the seventh largest city in the country. It has a population of 460,349 inhabitants in 2021 (about one ...

in 1250, in an family with the nisba ''al-Awsi'', probably from the

Banu Aws The Banū Aws ( ar, بنو أوس , "Sons of Aws") or simply Aws ( ar, أوس, also romanised as Aus) was one of the main Arab tribes of Medina. The other was Khazraj, and the two, constituted the Ansar ("helpers f Muhammad) after the Hijr ...

tribe, and grew up and learned there until the city was annexed by Castile in 1266. He left Murcia for the city of Bejaia, in present-day

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

, and lived there until he went to Tunisia and spent time there writing some of his books. Later in his life, he settled in Granada, the capital of the Emirate of Granada, after accepting an invitation from

Muhammad II of Granada Muhammad II () (also known by the epithet ''al-Faqih'', " the canon-lawyer", – 8 April 1302; reigned from 1273 until his death) was the second Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula, succeeding his fat ...

. Although several works have been attributed to him by

Ibn Al-Khatib Lisan ad-Din Ibn al-Khatib ( ar, لسان الدين ابن الخطيب, Lisān ad-Dīn Ibn al-Khaṭīb) (Born 16 November 1313, Loja– died 1374, Fes; full name in ar, محمد بن عبد الله بن سعيد بن عبد الله بن � ...

, only three ones have survived in an extant form. Two of this works are astronomical tables that are similar in both subject and content. However, differences in the latitudes do exist, since the tables were created to adapt the coordinates of two different cities, Béjaïa and

Tunis ''Tounsi'' french: Tunisois , population_note = , population_urban = , population_metro = 2658816 , population_density_km2 = , timezone1 = CET , utc_offset1 ...

. The third work, "Risāla fiʿilm Al‐Zilal", is an important treatise on sundials, and the only complete one of its kind to have survived from

Al-Andalus Al-Andalus translit. ; an, al-Andalus; ast, al-Ándalus; eu, al-Andalus; ber, ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, label= Berber, translit=Andalus; ca, al-Àndalus; gl, al-Andalus; oc, Al Andalús; pt, al-Ândalus; es, al-Ándalus () was the M ...

Works

Astronomy

* '' Arnau Teruel = Padre y Dios del Nuevo Mundo * ''Risāla fī ʿilm al‐ẓilāl'': There is a copy of it in the first Escorial No. (7/913) and the second number (12/918). * ''Al‐Zīj al‐qawīm fī funūn al‐taʿdīl wa‐ʾl‐taqwīm'': There is a copy of it in the public library in Rabat, number (260). * ''Taedil munakh al'ahlat.'' * ''Al‐Zīj Al-Mustawfi.'' "Isarn Trilla"

Medicine

* The Great Book * The Book of Animals and Properties (''Kitāb al‐Ḥayawān wa‐ʾl‐khawāṣṣ)'' * A summary of competence (or abbreviation) in the knowledge of powers and properties. * Treating diseases. * Authorship in Medicine: It consists of two parts. There is a copy of it in the public treasury in Rabat, number (2667).

Jurisprudence

* ''Abkār al‐afkār fī al‐uṣūl''. * ''Talkhis almubahath''.

Mathematics

* ''Al-Tanabih waltabsir fi qawaeid altksi'': There is a copy of it in the Hassaniya Treasury in Rabat, No. (4749)

Agriculture

* Plants

References

This article is taken entirely or in part from the translation of the article https://www.marefa.org/ابن_الرقام {{DEFAULTSORT:Ibn al-Raqqam 1250 births 1315 deaths People from Murcia Astronomers from al-Andalus Physicians from al-Andalus Mathematicians from al-Andalus 13th-century astronomers Scholars of the Nasrid period 13th-century people from Ifriqiya 13th-century people from al-Andalus Astronomers of the medieval Islamic world