Hygromiidae is a taxonomic

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails,

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...

pulmonate gastropod

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the superfamily

Helicoidea Helicoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora. Taxonomy 2005 taxonomy There are 19 families within the superfamily Helicoidea according to the ta ...

. Helicellidae Ihering, 1909

Anatomy

Some snails in genera within this family create and use

love dart A love dart (also known as a gypsobelum, shooting darts, or just as darts) is a sharp, calcareous or chitinous dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are both formed and stored internally in a dart sac. These ...

s as part of their courtship and mating behavior. In this family, the number of haploid

chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are ...

s lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.):
The biology of terrestrial molluscs
'. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, . 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

Taxonomy

The family Hygromiidae consists of the following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005): * subfamily Hygromiinae Tryon, 1866 ** tribe Hygromiini Tryon, 1866 - synonym: Cernuellini Schileyko, 1991 ** tribe Perforatellini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 * subfamily Leptaxinae C.R. Boettger, 1909 ** tribe Cryptosaccini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** tribe Leptaxini C.R. Boettger, 1909 ** tribe Perforatellini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 * subfamily Metafruticicolinae Schileyko, 1972 * subfamily Ponentininae Schileyko, 1991 * subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 ** tribe Archaicini Schileyko, 1978 ** tribe Caucasigenini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** tribe Ciliellini Schileyko, 1970 ** tribe Halolimnohelicini H. Nordsieck, 1986 ** tribe Monachaini Wenz, 1930 (1904) ** tribe Trochulini Lindholm, 1927 ** tribe Urticicolini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017

Genera

Genera with the family Hygromiidae include: The type genus of this family is ''

Hygromia ''Hygromia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Hygromia Risso, 1826. Accessed through: Worl ...

'' Risso, 1826. ;Not belonging to a subfamily: * † '' Archygromia'' Pfeffer, 1930 * † '' Camaenopsis'' Dollfus & Dautzenberg, 1924 * '' Cernuellopsis'' Manganelli & Giusti, 1988 * '' Helicotricha'' Giusti, Manganelli & Crisci, 1992 * † '' Hemistenotrema'' O. Boettger, 1897 * † '' Hochheimia'' Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2021 * '' Ichnusomunda'' Giusti & Manganelli, 1998 * '' Kalitinaia'' Hudec & Lezhawa, 1967 * † '' Leucochroopsis'' O. Boettger, 1908 * † '' Loganiopharynx'' Wenz, 1919 * † '' Pseudomonacha'' Pfeffer, 1930 * † '' Pseudoxerotricha'' C. R. Boettger, 1911 ;subfamily Hygromiinae Tryon, 1866 * tribe Hygromiini Tryon, 1866 ** ''

'' Risso, 1826 ** '' Zenobiellina'' Holyoak, D. T. & Holyoak, G. A., 2018 * tribe Perforatellini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Chilanodon'' Westerlund, 1897 ** '' Kovacsia'' H. Nordsieck, 1993 ** '' Lindholmomneme'' F. Haas, 1936 ** '' Lozekia'' Hudec, 1970 ** '' Monachoides'' Gude & B. B. Woodward, 1921 ** '' Noneulota'' Schileyko & Horsák, 2007 ** '' Perforatella'' Schlüter, 1838 ** '' Pseudotrichia'' Schileyko, 1970 ** Stygius Schileyko, 1970 * tribe incertaCucherat X. & Demuynck S. (2006). "Catalogue annoté des Gastéropodes terrestres (Mollusca, Gastropoda) de la région Nord - Pas-de-Calais"
''MalaCo'', Bulletin de la Malacologie Continentale Française, (2)
: page 81. http://www.journal-malaco.fr/page-5.html ;subfamily Leptaxinae C.R. Boettger, 1909 * Tribe Cryptosaccini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Cryptosaccus'' Prieto & Puente, 1994 ** '' Fractanella'' Caro & Madeira, 2019 ** '' Mengoana'' Ortiz de Zárate López, 1951 ** '' Pyrenaearia'' P. Hesse, 1921 * Tribe Leptaxini C.R. Boettger, 1909 ** '' Leptaxis'' R. T. Lowe, 1852 ** '' Portugala'' E. Gittenberger, 1980 ;subfamily Metafruticicolinae Schileyko, 1972 ** '' Cyrnotheba'' Germain, 1928 ** '' Elbasania'' Schileyko & Fehér, 2017 ** '' Hiltrudia'' H. Nordsieck, 1993 ** '' Metafruticicola'' Ihering, 1892 ; subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 * Tribe Archaicini Schileyko, 1978 ** '' Angiomphalia'' Schileyko, 1978 ** '' Archaica'' Schileyko, 1970 ** '' Coronarchaica'' Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Leucozonella'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Odontotrema'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Paedhoplita'' Lindholm, 1927 * Tribe Ashfordiini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Ashfordia'' J. W. Taylor, 1917 * tribe Caucasigenini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Anoplitella'' Lindholm, 1929 ** '' Caucasigena'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Circassina'' P. Hesse, 1921 ** '' Diodontella'' Lindholm, 1929 ** '' Dioscuria'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Fruticocampylaea'' Kobelt, 1871 ** '' Hygrohelicopsis'' Schileyko, 1978 ** '' Lazicana'' Neiber, Walther & Hausdorf, 2018 ** '' Teberdinia'' Schileyko, 1978 * Tribe Ciliellini Schileyko, 1970 ** '' Ciliella'' Mousson, 1872 ** '' Ciliellopsis'' Giusti & Manganelli, 1990 * tribe Ganulini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Ganula'' E. Gittenberger, 1970 ** '' Ichnusotricha'' Giusti & Manganelli, 1987 ** '' Nienhuisiella'' Giusti & Manganelli, 1987 * tribe Halolimnohelicini H. Nordsieck, 1986 ** '' Elgonella'' Preston, 1914 ** '' Halolimnohelix'' Germain, 1913 ** '' Haplohelix'' Pilsbry, 1919 ** '' Vicariihelix'' Pilsbry, 1919 * tribe Monachaini Wenz, 1930 (1904) ** '' Abchasohela'' Hudec & Lezhawa, 1971 ** '' Batumica'' Schileyko, 1978 ** '' Caucasocressa'' P. Hesse, 1921 ** '' Diplobursa'' Schileyko, 1968 ** '' Euomphalia'' Westerlund, 1889 ** '' Harmozica'' Lindholm, 1927"Caucasian Land Snails"
. accessed May 2, 2014. ** '' Hesseola'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Jasonella'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Karabaghia'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Lejeania'' Ancey, 1887 ** ''

Monacha ''Monacha'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. ...

'' Fitzinger, 1833 - type genus of the subfamily Monachainae ** '' Oscarboettgeria'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Platytheba'' Pilsbry, 1895: synonym of ''

'' Fitzinger, 1833 (junior synonym) ** '' Prostenomphalia'' Baidashnikov, 1985 ** '' Pseudhesseola'' H. Nordsieck, 1993 ** '' Stenomphalia'' Lindholm, 1927 * tribe Trochulini Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Edentiella'' Poliński, 1929 ** ''

Noricella ''Noricella'' is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.MolluscaBase (2018). Noricella Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 201 ...

'' Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Petasina'' H. Beck, 1847 * '' Raeticella'' Kneubühler, Baggenstos & Neubert, 2022 ** ''

Trochulus ''Trochulus'' is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily subfamily Trochulininae of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. Taxonomy ''Trichia'' Hartmann, 184 ...

'' Chemnitz, 1786 - synonym: ''Trichia'' * Tribe Urticicolini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Plicuteria'' Schileyko, 1978 ** '' Semifruticicola'' A. J. Wagner, 1914 ** '' Urticicola'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Xerocampylaea'' Kobelt, 1871

Synonyms

* ''Kokotschashvilia'' Hudec & Lezhawa, 1969: synonym of '' Dioscuria'' Lindholm, 1927 * ''Shileykoia'' Hudec, 1969: synonym of '' Fruticocampylaea'' Kobelt, 1871 * ''Tyrrheniella'': synonym of '' Tyrrheniellina'' Giusti & Manganelli, 1992 * ''Zenobiella'' Gude & Woodward, 1921 - with the only species '' Zenobiella subrufescens'' (Miller, 1822): synonym of '' Zenobiellina'' Holyoak, D. T. & Holyoak, G. A., 2018 (junior synonym)

References

External links

A page of images of shells of species in the family

Razkin, O., Gómez-Moliner, B. J., Prieto, C. E., Martínez-Ortí, A., Arrébola, J. R., Muñoz, B., Chueca, L. J. & Madeira, M. J. (2015). Molecular phylogeny of the western Palaearctic Helicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 83: 99-117

Neiber, M. T., Razkin, O. & Hausdorf, B. (2017). Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the land snail family Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Helicoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 111: 169-184.
{{Commons category, Hygromiidae Taxa named by George Washington Tryon