Hwanghae dialect () is a dialect of

Korean Korean may refer to: People and culture * Koreans, ethnic group originating in the Korean Peninsula * Korean cuisine * Korean culture * Korean language **Korean alphabet, known as Hangul or Chosŏn'gŭl **Korean dialects and the Jeju language ** ...

spoken in

North Hwanghae Province North Hwanghae Province (Hwanghaebuk-to; , lit. "north Yellow Sea province") is a province of North Korea. The province was formed in 1954 when the former Hwanghae Province was split into North and South Hwanghae. The provincial capital is Sa ...

South Hwanghae Province South Hwanghae Province (Hwanghaenamdo; , lit. "south Yellow Sea province") is a province in western North Korea. The province was formed in 1954 when the former Hwanghae Province was split into North and South Hwanghae. The provincial capital ...

North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu (Amnok) and T ...

, as well as the islands of Baengnyeongdo,

Yeonpyeongdo Yeonpyeong Island or Yeonpyeongdo ( ko, 연평도 ; referred to by North Korea as Yŏnphyŏng Islet) is a group of South Korean islands in the Yellow Sea, located about west of Incheon and south of the coast of Hwanghae Province, North Korea. ...

and

Daecheongdo Daecheong Island or Daecheongdo ( ko, 대청도 "big blue island" ) is a , long and wide island in Ongjin County, Incheon, South Korea, near the Northern Limit Line. The 1953 Korean Armistice Agreement which ended the Korean War specified tha ...

Ongjin County Ongjin County may refer to: * Ongjin County, Incheon, South Korea * Ongjin County, South Hwanghae Ongjin County is a county in southern South Hwanghae Province, North Korea. It is located on the Ongjin Peninsula, which projects into the Yellow ...

South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and sharing a Korean Demilitarized Zone, land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed ...

. It may also be spoken among former Korean War refugees in cities such as

Incheon Incheon (; ; or Inch'ŏn; literally "kind river"), formerly Jemulpo or Chemulp'o (제물포) until the period after 1910, officially the Incheon Metropolitan City (인천광역시, 仁川廣域市), is a city located in northwestern South Kore ...

Pronunciation

In the Hwanghae dialect there are nine vowels (ㅣ·ㅔ·ㅐ·ㅡ·ㅓ·ㅏ·ㅜ·ㅗ·ㅚ). Like the neighboring

Pyongan dialect The Pyeongan dialect (), alternatively Northwestern Korean (), is the Korean dialect of the Northwestern Korean peninsula and neighboring parts of China. It has influenced the standard Korean of North Korea, but is not the primary influence of ...

, the sound of 어(eo) and 으(eu) sounds closer to the 오(o) and 우(u). The medieval Korean vowel of ㆎ, as well as 의 is often pronounced as 에 (e.g. 나베, butterfly and 글페, two days after tomorrow). Difference in phonology is visible between northern areas, which contains influence from the

and southern regions, which contains some influence from the

Gyeonggi dialect The Gyeonggi dialect () or Seoul dialect () of the Korean language is the prestige dialect of the language and the basis of the standardized form used in South Korea. It is spoken throughout the Korean Peninsula and in the Korean diaspora, but i ...

Grammar

Overall, the grammar of the Hwanghae dialect, particularly for certain suffixes for verbs and statements, are often divergent from standard Korean. Like the neighboring Pyongan dialect and the nonstandard speech of Northwestern Gyeonggi, the suffix '겠(), used to display will or intention, is often pronounced as 갔 () or 갓 () depending on the region of Korea. The declarative suffix for verbs in the formal polite style of speech also diverges from the standard '습니다()', With speakers of the Hwanghae dialect replacing the standard form with ‘-시다 (), -쉬다 (), -쉐다 ()’ and ‘-외다 )'. A similar case occurs with the formal interrogative suffix '습니까 ()', which is replaced by ‘-시꺄 ()', '시까 ()' -쉬꺄 ()’ ‘-시니꺄 ()?’ ‘-오리꺄()’ or ‘-ㄹ납니꺄 ()’. The polite present tense declarative for the informal polite style, '세요' () is also replaced by '시겨 ()' in most regions of Hwanghae.

Words

With the exception of certain terms, much of the vocabulary of the Hwanghae dialect is shared by either the Gyeonggi or Pyeongan dialect, some examples of dialectal words found in Hwanghae include: (- to be thankful), (- quickly), () and (- Korean dandelion).

References

http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0078674. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Korean dialects {{koreanic-lang-stub