Husayn Beg Shamlu

Hossein Beg Laleh Shamlu was a Qizilbash officer of Turkoman origin,{{sfn, Roemer, 1986, p=358 who occupied high offices under the Safavid king Ismail I (r. 1501–1524) and was the first person to serve as the ''vakil'' (vicegerent) of the empire.

Biography

Hossein belonged to the Shamlu tribe, one of the seven Turkoman tribes of the Qizilbash, a Shia militant group, which supported the young Safaviyya, who had taken refuge in Gilan to avoid the Aq Qoyunlu, a Turkic tribal federation which controlled most of Iran. During Ismail's stay in Gilan, Hossein Beg served as his guardian and mentor.{{sfn, Savory, 1998, pp=628-636 In 1500, Ismail came out of hiding and with the aid of the Qizilbash, invaded Shirvan, killing its ruler Farrukh Yassar. In 1501, all of Shirvan, Arran and Azerbaijan was under the control of Ismail, who laid foundation to the Safavid dynasty.

He then appointed Hossein Beg as the vakil of the empire and the commander-in-chief ('' amir al-umara'') of the Qizilbash army.{{sfn, Bosworth, Savory, 1989, pp=969-971{{sfn, Savory, 2007, p=36 By 1504, all of present-day Iran was under the control of Ismail. In 1507, Hossein Beg campaigned in western Iran, where he was ambushed by a group of Kurds and as a result lost 300 men.{{sfn, Savory, 2007, p=37 During the same year, Ismail appointed the Iranian Mir Najm Zargar Gilani as the new ''vakil''. One year later, an Safavid army under Hossein Beg and Ismail captured Baghdad.{{sfn, Savory, 2007, p=37 In 1509/10, Hossein Beg lost his office as commander-in-chief in favor to a man of humble origins, Muhammad Beg Ustajlu.{{sfn, Savory, 2007, p=50 In 1512, Hossein Beg, along with the rest of the Qizilbash commanders, betrayed the Safavid vakil Najm-e Sani and left him to die at the Battle of Ghazdewan.{{sfn, Newman, 2008, p=20

Hossein Beg later took part in the Ismail's war against the Ottomans, but was killed at the Battle of Chaldiran in 1514.{{sfn, Savory, 2007, p=42

References

{{reflist, 2

Sources

{{refbegin, 2
* {{cite encyclopedia , article = ESMĀʿĪL I ṢAFAWĪ , last = Savory , first = Roger , url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/esmail-i-safawi , editor-last = , editor-first = , editor-link = , encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 6 , pages = 628–636 , location = , publisher = , year = 1998 , isbn =
* {{cite encyclopedia , article = NAJM-E ṮĀNI , last = Mazzaoui , first = Michel M. , url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/najm-e-ani , editor-last = , editor-first = , editor-link = , encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica , pages = , location = , publisher = , year = 2002 , isbn =
* {{cite book , title = Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire , year = 2008 , publisher = I.B.Tauris , location = , editor-last = , editor-first = , last = Newman , first = Andrew J. , chapter = , pages = 1–281 , isbn = 9780857716613 , url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KPgBAwAAQBAJ&q=false
* {{cite book , title = Iran under the Safavids , year = 2007 , publisher = Cambridge University Press , location = , editor-last = , editor-first = , last = Savory , first = Roger , author-link = Roger Savory , chapter = , pages = 1–288 , isbn = 978-0521042512 , url = https://books.google.com/books?id=v4Yr4foWFFgC&q=false
* {{cite encyclopedia , last1 = Bosworth , first1 = C.E. , last2 = Savory , first2 = R.M. , article = AMĪR-AL-OMARĀʾ , encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 9 , pages = 969–971 , year = 1989 , url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/amir-al-omara , access-date = 28 December 2014
* {{cite book , title = The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Timurid and Safavid periods , year = 1986 , publisher = Cambridge University Press , location = Cambridge , editor-last = , editor-first =, last = Roemer , first = H.R. , chapter = The Safavid period , pages = 189–351 , isbn = 9780521200943 , url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LZ0-2BIR8BQC&q=The+Cambridge+History+of+Iran+safavid
{{refend, 2

{{S-start
{{S-new, Office
{{S-ttl, title=Vakil of the Safavid Empire, years=1501-1507
{{S-aft, after= Mir Najm Zargar Gilani
{{s-end

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hossein Beg Shamlu
Military personnel killed in action
Iranian Turkmen people
Shamlu
1514 deaths
15th-century births
Vakils of Safavid Iran
Commanders-in-chief of Safavid Iran
16th-century people of Safavid Iran
Safavid governors of Azerbaijan