Human-to-primate transmission (HPT) is a seldom-remarked

epidemiologic Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants In mathematics, the determinant is a scalar value that is a function of the entries of a square matrix. It characterizes some proper ...

vector Vector most often refers to: *Euclidean vector, a quantity with a magnitude and a direction *Vector (epidemiology), an agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism Vector may also refer to: Mathematic ...

. It is by definition a

cross-species transmission Cross-species transmission (CST), also called interspecies transmission, host jump, or spillover, is the transmission of an infectious pathogen, such as a virus, between hosts belonging to different species. Once introduced into an individual of a ...

vector. __TOC__

Unsupervised HPT

In 1998, The Zoonotic Importance of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: Transmission From Human to Monkey was noticed. In 2001, scientists noticed that antibodies peculiar to humans were found in macaque monkeys, both wild and domesticated. Of the panel of human viruses studied, measles,

influenza A '' A virus'' (''IAV'') causes influenza in birds and some mammals, and is the only species of the genus ''Alphainfluenzavirus'' of the virus family ''Orthomyxoviridae''. Strains of all subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild ...

, and

parainfluenza Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are the viruses that cause human parainfluenza. HPIVs are a paraphyletic group of four distinct single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the '' Paramyxoviridae'' family. These viruses are closely associated wit ...

1, 2 and 3 were found in some of the studied animals. In 2006, scientists noticed HPT of measles, rubella, and

in the case of performing monkeys, who are "a common phenomena in Asia". In 2015 and again in 2016, scientists found that HPT likely had occurred in the case of Staphylococcus aureus. In 2018, scientists speculated that HPT was likely to have occurred in the case of human

malaria Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. S ...

parasites Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson ha ...

. Also in 2018, scientists speculated that an outbreak of

tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, i ...

among a closed breeding colony of Aotus monkeys was likely due to continuing intermittent HPT exposure.

References

{{reflist Epidemiology Parasitology Infectious diseases Public health Serology Zoonoses