Huahine is an island located among the

Society Islands The Society Islands (french: Îles de la Société, officially ''Archipel de la Société;'' ty, Tōtaiete mā) are an archipelago located in the South Pacific Ocean. Politically, they are part of French Polynesia, an overseas country of the F ...

, in

French Polynesia )Territorial motto: ( en, "Great Tahiti of the Golden Haze") , anthem = , song_type = Regional anthem , song = "Ia Ora 'O Tahiti Nui" , image_map = French Polynesia on the globe (French Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of French ...

, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. It is part of the

Leeward Islands french: Îles-Sous-le-Vent , image_name = , image_caption = ''Political'' Leeward Islands. Clockwise: Antigua and Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Saint kitts and Nevis. , image_alt = , locator_map = , location = Caribbean Sea North Atlantic Ocean , co ...

group ''(Îles sous le Vent).'' At the 2017 census it had a population of 6,075.Répartition de la population en Polynésie française en 2017
Institut de la statistique de la Polynésie française

History

Human presence on Huahine dates back to ancient times, as evidenced by the numerous

Marae A ' (in New Zealand Māori, Cook Islands Māori, Tahitian), ' (in Tongan), ' (in Marquesan) or ' (in Samoan) is a communal or sacred place that serves religious and social purposes in Polynesian societies. In all these languages, the term a ...

on the island. Archaeologists estimate that the ancient Tahitian Ma'ohi people colonized Huahine from at least the 9th century AD. Huahine is home to one of the largest concentrations of Polynesian archaeological remains dated between 850 AD and 1100 AD.

Independent kingdom

Until the late 19th century, Huahine was an independent kingdom, also called the Huahine and Maia'o Kingdom. According to tradition, three main dynasties succeeded each other: The Hau-mo'o-rere dynasty was founded in the 17th century; its last representative was

Queen Queen or QUEEN may refer to: Monarchy * Queen regnant, a female monarch of a Kingdom ** List of queens regnant * Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king * Queen dowager, the widow of a king * Queen mother, a queen dowager who is the mother ...

Teha'apapa I, whom Captain Cook met in 1769. She maintained the cohesion and independence of her kingdom. The Tamatoa dynasty has its origin in Teha'apapa I and her husband Mato a Tamatoa, member of the Tamatoa family of Raiatea. They are the founders of the Tamatoa branch of Huahine. This dynasty reigned until 1854. The Teurura'i dynasty descends from Ari'imate Teurura'i, a Huahine chief, and his wife Teri'iteporouara'i Tamatoa, member of the Tamatoa family of Raiatea, great-granddaughter of Queen Teha'apapa I of Huahine. This dynasty reigned from 1854 to 1895. Teriifa'atau Marama Polynesian prince, could claim the thrones of Huahine and

Raiatea Raiatea or Ra'iatea ( Tahitian: ''Ra‘iātea'') is the second largest of the Society Islands, after Tahiti, in French Polynesia. The island is widely regarded as the "centre" of the eastern islands in ancient Polynesia and it is likely that th ...

at the same time. However, the union of these two thrones under one scepter could not be contemplated, so it was agreed that his younger brother would inherit the throne of Raiatea. In 1884, he obtained the position of prime minister of the Kingdom, a post previously held by his younger brother, who became King of Raiatea in 1884. He became the protagonist of the

annexation Annexation (Latin ''ad'', to, and ''nexus'', joining), in international law, is the forcible acquisition of one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. It is generally held to be an illegal act ...

of the kingdom of Huahine and Maia'o to France. It was in 1895 that the regent, on behalf of Queen Tehaapapa, and the principal chiefs of the kingdom fully renounced their powers and attributions in favor of France in a treaty of abdication dated 15 September of the same year. After the annexation, he was elected chief of Tefareri'i, a position he held until his death.

European exploration and colonization

The name Huahine literally means "woman's sex". It could probably be translated as "pregnant woman" since the profile of Mount Tavaiura makes one think of a

pregnant woman Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring develops ( gestates) inside a woman's uterus (womb). A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. Pregnancy usually occurs by sexual intercourse, but ...

lying down. Royal residence of the Queen of Huahine at Fare

Captain James Cook arrived in Fare Harbour on 16 July 1769, with Tupaia navigating . They met with leading chief Ori (Mato).

Cook Cook or The Cook may refer to: Food preparation * Cooking, the preparation of food * Cook (domestic worker), a household staff member who prepares food * Cook (professional), an individual who prepares food for consumption in the food industry * ...

returned on 3 September 1773 and met with Ori's son Teri'itaria, the new ari'i rahi of the island. Missionary

Auna Auna is an integrated healthcare provider with operations in Peru and Colombia. It counts with over 7,500 collaborators in its network. Auna was absorbed in 2005 by the operator ONO ONO, Ono or Ōno may refer to: Places Fiji * Ono Island ...

served as a deacon on Huahine prior to his work in Hawaii. The

Spaniard Spaniards, or Spanish people, are a Romance ethnic group native to Spain. Within Spain, there are a number of national and regional ethnic identities that reflect the country's complex history, including a number of different languages, both ...

Domingo Bonaechea in 1775, called the island "La Hermosa" (The Beautiful). Today it is known by the nickname "the island of the woman". In 1846 the island successfully resisted French rule, the inhabitants never resigned themselves to the idea of being colonized and in 1847 the island proclaimed itself an independent state under the name of the Kingdom of Huahine. On 20 April 1879, the commander of the

SMS Bismarck SMS ''Bismarck'' was a built for the German Imperial Navy (''Kaiserliche Marine'') in the late 1870s. She was the lead ship of her class, which included five other vessels. The ''Bismarck''-class corvettes were ordered as part of a major nava ...

, Karl Deinhard, and the

German Empire The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary ...

's consul for the South Sea Islands, Gustav Godeffroy Junior, signed a treaty of friendship and commerce with the island's government on behalf of the German Empire. In 1888 the French finally established a

protectorate A protectorate, in the context of international relations, is a state that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law. It is a dependent territory that enjoys autonomy over most of its in ...

over the Island. The hitherto independent kingdom of Huahine and Maia'o was not annexed until 1895 (deposing the last queen Te-ha'apapa III) and incorporated into the French Establishments of Oceania, now French Polynesia, which had existed since 1898.

Geography

Huahine measures in length, with a maximum width of . It is made up of two main islands surrounded by a fringing coral reef with several

islets An islet is a very small, often unnamed island. Most definitions are not precise, but some suggest that an islet has little or no vegetation and cannot support human habitation. It may be made of rock, sand and/or hard coral; may be permanen ...

, or ''motu.'' Huahine Nui (Big Huahine) lies to the north and Huahine Iti (Little Huahine) to the south. The total land area is 75 km^2. The two islands are separated by a few hundred metres of water and joined by a sandspit at

low tide Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon (and to a much lesser extent, the Sun) and are also caused by the Earth and Moon orbiting one another. Tide tables c ...

. A small bridge was built to connect Huahine Nui and Huahine Iti. Its highest point is Turi, at 669 m elevation. In the northwest of Huahine Nui lies a

brackish Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and fresh water together, as in estua ...

lake known as Lac Fauna Nui (Lac Maeva). This lake is all that remains of the ancient atoll lagoon. Air transportation is available via Huahine airport, located on the northern shore of Huahine Nui.

Flora and fauna

Tahiti, French Polynesia - Huahine (48083851953)

The island is covered with lush vegetation, much of which consists of

coconut The coconut tree (''Cocos nucifera'') is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus ''Cocos''. The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the f ...

palms. There are also two important botanical gardens: the Ariiura Garden Paradise, which houses traditional Polynesian medicinal plants, and l'Eden Parc, where fruit trees from the rest of the world are cultivated. The

fauna Fauna is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is '' flora'', and for fungi, it is '' funga''. Flora, fauna, funga and other forms of life are collectively referred to as '' biota''. ...

is especially rich in

fish Fish are Aquatic animal, aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack Limb (anatomy), limbs with Digit (anatomy), digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and Chondrichthyes, cartilaginous and bony fish as we ...

and

birds Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweigh ...

. Among the latter is a species that became extinct centuries ago, the Huahine starling ( Aplonis diluvialis), whose fossils found on the island date its disappearance some seven centuries ago (although the German naturalist

Georg Forster Johann George Adam Forster, also known as Georg Forster (, 27 November 1754 – 10 January 1794), was a German naturalist, ethnologist, travel writer, journalist and revolutionary. At an early age, he accompanied his father, Johann Reinhold ...

depicted in the 18th century a bird on the island of Raiatea very similar to the animal in question).

Administration

Seal of the Commune of Huahine, French Polynesia

Administratively Huahine is a commune (municipality) part of the administrative subdivision of the

.Décret n° 2005-1611 du 20 décembre 2005 pris pour l'application du statut d'autonomie de la Polynésie française

Légifrance Légifrance is the official website of the French government for the publication of legislation, regulations, and legal information. Access to the site is free. Virtually complete, it presents or refers to all concerned institutions or administrat ...

Huahine consists of the following associated communes:Décret n°72-407 du 17 mai 1972 portant création de communes dans le territoire de la Polynésie française

* Faie * Fare * Fitii * Haapu * Maeva * Maroe * Parea * Tefarerii The administrative centre of the commune is the settlement of Fare, on Huahine Nui.

Demographics

The total

population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction usi ...

was 5,999 inhabitants in the 2007 census, which increased to 6075 inhabitants in 2017, distributed in eight Villages: Fare (the capital), Maeva, Faie, Fiti'i, Parea, Tefareri'i, Ha'apu and Maroe. The main activities are vanilla cultivation, copra production, fishing and tourism.

Sport

In terms of

sports Sport pertains to any form of competitive physical activity or game that aims to use, maintain, or improve physical ability and skills while providing enjoyment to participants and, in some cases, entertainment to spectators. Sports can, ...

, Huahine is, along with neighboring Bora Bora, Tahaa and

, one of the four islands among which the Hawaiki Nui Va'a, an international Polynesian canoe (va'a) competition, is held.

Religion

Most of the population follows Christianity as a result of the activity of missionaries from both the

Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide . It is am ...

and various Protestant groups, and European colonization. In 1809 the island had its first contact with Protestant

Christian mission A Christian mission is an organized effort for the propagation of the Christian faith. Missions involve sending individuals and groups across boundaries, most commonly geographical boundaries, to carry on evangelism or other activities, such as ...

aries. In 1815 the Protestant mission ordered the destruction of the idols of the ancient gods of the local religion. In the following decades, Catholic missionaries arrived. Between 1819 and 1820 the first chapel was built on the island. Catholics, under the direction of the

Archdiocese In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associat ...

of Papeete, administer 1 religious building, the Church of the

Holy Family The Holy Family consists of the Child Jesus, the Virgin Mary and Saint Joseph. The subject became popular in art from the 1490s on, but veneration of the Holy Family was formally begun in the 17th century by Saint François de Laval, the fir ...

(''Église de la Sainte-Famille'') which was reopened in the town of Fare (northwest of the island) on 30 October 2010. The original church had been established however between 1906 and 1909.

Economy

The inhabitants of the island are engaged in activities such as agriculture and fishing. Agricultural products include vanilla ( vanilla tahitiensis species) and various types of melons. Thanks to the lush coconut forest, copra production is also a very important activity for the local economy.

Tourism

Tourism through cruise ship passengers calling at the atoll and the airport is another important economic sector. One of the famous attractions on Huahine is a bridge that crosses over a stream with 0.9 m – 1.8 m long freshwater eels. These eels are deemed sacred by the locals, by local mythology. While viewing these slithering creatures, tourists can buy a can of mackerel and feed the eels. The Fa'ahia

archaeological site An archaeological site is a place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology an ...

in the north of the island has revealed

subfossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

remains of several species of extinct birds exterminated by the earliest Polynesian colonists of the island.

Transportation

The island has scheduled passenger airline flights operated by Air Tahiti with ATR turboprop aircraft via the Huahine - Fare Airport.

References

External links

Tahiti Tourism Board websiteTourism portal on HuahineFree travel guide – Bilingual french english – 2016–2017
{{authority control Communes of French Polynesia