Hsipaw ( shn, သီႇပေႃႉ;

Tai Nuea Tai Nuea or Tai Nüa (Tai Nüa: ; also called Tai Le, Dehong Dai or Chinese Shan; own name: ''Tai2 Lə6'', which means "Upper Tai" or "Northern Tai" or , ; Chinese: ''Dǎinàyǔ'', 傣那语 or ''Déhóng Dǎiyǔ'', 德宏傣语; th, ภาษ� ...

: ᥔᥤᥴ ᥙᥨᥝᥳ), also known as Thibaw ( my, သီပေါ), is the principal town of Hsipaw Township in

Shan State Shan State ( my, ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်, ; shn, မိူင်းတႆး, italics=no) also known by the endonyms Shanland, Muang Tai, and Tailong, is a state of Myanmar. Shan State borders China (Yunnan) to the north, Laos ( ...

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...

on the banks of the Duthawadi River. It is north-east of Mandalay.

History

The capital of Hsipaw was originally On Baung. From the 1450s, it was a faithful vasal of the Kingdom of Ava (1364-1527). After the fall of the latter before the Shans, a prince of On Baung, Sao Hkhun Mong, was crowned King of Ava (1543-1546). A few decades later, King

Bayinnaung , image = File:Bayinnaung.JPG , caption = Statue of Bayinnaung in front of the National Museum of Myanmar , reign = 30 April 1550 – 10 October 1581 , coronation = 11 January 1551 at Toung ...

, who reigned in

Hanthawaddy Kingdom ( Mon) ( Burmese) , conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Hongsarwatoi (Hanthawaddy) Pegu , common_name = Hongsarwatoi (Hanthawaddy) Kingdom / Ramannya (Ramam) , era = Warring states , status = Kingdom , event_pre ...

, sent an army against On Baung, whose prince, like the other Shan princes, had to recognize his sovereignty to keep his throne (1557). The shans also had to cede part of their states, including

Mogok Mogok (, ; Shan: , ) is a town in the Thabeikkyin District of Mandalay Region of Myanmar, located north of Mandalay and north-east of Shwebo. History Mogok is believed to have been founded in 1217 by three lost Shan hunters who discovered ...

, but the prince of On Baung obtained confirmation of his pre-eminence over the other shans princes. The dynasty of On Baung was maintained, paying tribute to the successive Burmese dynasties:

Toungoo dynasty , conventional_long_name = Toungoo dynasty , common_name = Taungoo dynasty , era = , status = Empire , event_start = Independence from Ava , year_start ...

(1535-1752) then

Konbaung dynasty The Konbaung dynasty ( my, ကုန်းဘောင်ခေတ်, ), also known as Third Burmese Empire (တတိယမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်) and formerly known as the Alompra dynasty (အလောင်းဘ ...

(1752-1885). In 1714, its capital was transferred to Hsipaw. Sao Kya Tung was his Saopha for the King of Burma

Mindon Min Mindon Min ( my, မင်းတုန်းမင်း, ; 1808 – 1878), born Maung Lwin, was the penultimate King of Burma (Myanmar) from 1853 to 1878. He was one of the most popular and revered kings of Burma. Under his half brother King P ...

, as a reward for his help against

Pagan Min Pagan Min ( my, ပုဂံမင်း, ; 21 June 1811 – 14 March 1880), was the ninth king of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma. Born Maung Biddhu Khyit, he was granted the title of Prince of Pagan by his father Tharrawaddy in August 1842. Pag ...

. In February 2021, the

Tatmadaw Tatmadaw (, , ) is the official name of the armed forces of Myanmar (formerly Burma). It is administered by the Ministry of Defence and composed of the Myanmar Army, the Myanmar Navy and the Myanmar Air Force. Auxiliary services include th ...

attacked the Restoration Council of Shan State’s camps in Hsipaw Township, breaking the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) according to the RCSS.

Shan Saopha

Hsipaw State was perhaps one of the most well known and powerful

saopha Chao-Pha (; Tai Ahom: 𑜋𑜧𑜨 𑜇𑜡, th, เจ้าฟ้า}, shn, ၸဝ်ႈၾႃႉ, translit=Jao3 Fa5 Jao3 Fa5, my, စော်ဘွား ''Sawbwa,'' ) was a royal title used by the hereditary rulers of the Tai peoples of ...

Shan States The Shan States (1885–1948) were a collection of minor Shan kingdoms called '' muang'' whose rulers bore the title ''saopha'' in British Burma. They were analogous to the princely states of British India. The term "Shan States" was fi ...

. According to the biography of

Sao Nang Hearn Hkam Sao Nang Hearn Kham ( my, စောဝ်နန်းဟိန်ခမ်; 26 May 1916 – 17 January 2003) was the Mahadevi of Yawnghwe one of the most important Shan States. Her husband Sao Shwe Thaik was the 23d and last Saopha of Yawnghwe an ...

(the chief wife, Madhidevi of

Sao Shwe Thaik Sao Shwe Thaik ( shn, ၸဝ်ႈၶမ်းသိူၵ်ႈ, ''Tsaw³ Kham⁴soek³''; my, စဝ်ရွှေသိုက်, ; 16 October 1895 – 21 November 1962) was a Burmese politician who served as the first president of the U ...

, the first president of

and another saopha of Hsenwi), Hsipaw, along with

Kengtung th , เชียงตุง , other_name = Kyaingtong , settlement_type = Town , imagesize = , image_caption = , pushpin_map = Myanmar , pushpin_label_position = left , ...

and

Yawnghwe Yawnghwe ( shn, ယွင်ႈႁူၺ်ႈ), known as Nyaungshwe ( my, ညောင်ရွှေ) in Burmese, was a Shan state in what is today Myanmar. It was one of the most important of the Southern Shan States. Yawnghwe state include ...

were the wealthiest and most powerful saopha states in Shan State. The Saophas played fluctuating roles in regional Shan and national Burmese politics from the 11th century all the way until the 1962 military coup by General Ne Win. Hsipaw is famous for the Bowgoy Pagoda, situated in Bowgoy Village about away from Hsipaw.

Princes of Hsipaw

* 58 BC Sao Hkun Hkam Saw 1st * Sao Hkun Hkam Naw 2nd * Sao Hkun Hkam Hko 3rd * 165–201 Sao Hkun Hkam Pan 8th * 201–250 Paw Aik Phyao 9th * 250–252 Awk Ai Lung 10th * Paw Pan (Sao Hpa Lung Hkam Pan) 11th * Hso Pan Hpa 12th (son of Hso Hom Hpa, the ''saopha'' of Möng Mao * 957 Hkun Tai Hkam * 1058 Hso Oom Hpa 38th * 1395–1410 Nwe San Hpa * 1410–1424 Sao Hkem Hpa * 1424–1439 Hso Kawng Hpa 52th * 1439–1460 Sao Hsan Hpa * 1460–1473 Hkam Yat Hpa * 1473–1488 Sao Yak Hpa * 1488–1500 Sao Yok Hpa * 1500–1541 Sao Tammara * 1541–1542 Sao Hkun Naing (son of Sao Tammara) * 1542–1547 Hso Yeab Hpa * 1547–1565 Awk Saw Waen Lung * 1565–1577 Hso Raem Hpa * 1577–1593 Hso Kaw Hpa 62th (son of Sao Hkun Naing ex-saopha of Mongpai and ex-King Mobye Narapati of Ava) * 1593–1605 Tap Hseng Hkam * 1605–1626 Hkam Hkong Hpa (son of Hso Kaw Hpa) * 1626–1650 Hkun Hkam Hlaing 65th (son of Tap Hseng Hkam) * 1650–1675 Sao Sai Hkam * 1675–1702 Hso Waing Hpa * 1702–1714 Sao Okka Wara * 1714–1718 Sao Okka Seya * 1718–1722 Sao Sam Myo * 1722–1752 Sao Hkun Neng * 1752–1767 Sawra Tawta * 1767–1788 Sao Myat San Te * 1788–1809 Sao Hswe Kya * 1809–1843 Sao Hkun Hkwi * 1843–1853 Sao Hkun Paw * 1853–1858 Sao Kya Htun (d. 1866) * 1858–1866 Hkun Myat Than * 1866–1886 Sao Kya Hkeng (deposed 1882-86) (d. 1902) * Mar 1886–8 May 1902 Sao Hkun Hseng * 8 May 1902–May 1928 Sao Hkun Hke (b. 1872 - d. 1928) (from 2 Jan 1928, Sir Sao Hke) * 1928–Jul 1938 I Sao Ohn Kya (b. 1893 - d. 1938) * 1938–1947 administered by British India * 1947–1959 Sao Kya Hseng (b. 1924 - d. 1962)

History

Shan Saopha

Princes of Hsipaw

Pretender

Climate

References

External links

Gallery