Howard Adams
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Howard Adams (September 8, 1921 – September 8, 2001) was a twentieth century
Metis Metis or Métis may refer to: Ethnic groups * Métis, recognized Indigenous communities in Canada and America whose distinct culture and language emerged after early intermarriage between First Nations peoples and early European settlers, primar ...
academic and activist.


Life

He was born in
St. Louis, Saskatchewan St. Louis ( 2016 population: ) is a village in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan within the Rural Municipality of St. Louis No. 431 and Census Division No. 15. It is south of the City of Prince Albert and northeast of Batoche. It was fo ...
, Canada, on September 8, 1921, the son of Olive Elizabeth McDougall, a French Métis mother and William Robert Adams, an English Métis ( Anglo-Metis) father. In his youth he briefly joined the
Royal Canadian Mounted Police The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP; french: Gendarmerie royale du Canada; french: GRC, label=none), commonly known in English as the Mounties (and colloquially in French as ) is the federal and national police service of Canada. As poli ...
. Adams became the first Métis in Canada to gain his PhD after studies at the
University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant un ...
in 1966. He returned to Canada and became a prominent Métis activist, contributing regularly to newspapers and magazines and appearing on
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (french: Société Radio-Canada), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is a Canadian public broadcaster for both radio and television. It is a federal Crown corporation that receives funding from the governmen ...
radio shows. In 1969, he was elected president of the Metis Association of Saskatchewan. Adams' intellectual influences include
Malcolm X Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, later Malik el-Shabazz; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement. A spokesman for the Nation of I ...
whom he saw lecture at Berkeley, and the general radical environment of that institution during the 1960s. He was the maternal great grandson of
Louis Riel Louis Riel (; ; 22 October 1844 – 16 November 1885) was a Canadian politician, a founder of the province of Manitoba, and a political leader of the Métis people. He led two resistance movements against the Government of Canada and its first ...
's lieutenant Maxime Lepine who fought in the
North-West Rebellion The North-West Rebellion (french: Rébellion du Nord-Ouest), also known as the North-West Resistance, was a Resistance movement, resistance by the Métis people (Canada), Métis people under Louis Riel and an associated uprising by First Natio ...
of 1885. Adams died in
Vancouver, British Columbia Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the city, up from 631,486 in 2016. The ...
on September 8, 2001, on his 80th birthday.


Works

* ''The Education of Canadians 1800-1867: The Roots of Separatism'', Harvest House, 1968 * ''Prison of Grass: Canada from a Native Point of View'' New Press, 1975, ; Fifth House, 1989, * ''Tortured People: The Politics of Colonization'' Theytus Books Ltd., 1999,


Honours

* National Aboriginal Achievement Award, now the Indspire Awards, for education, 1999.


See also

*
History of Saskatchewan History of Saskatchewan encompasses the study of past human events and activities of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, the middle of Canada's three prairie provinces. Archaeological studies give some clues as to the history and lifes ...
*
Politics of Saskatchewan Politics of Saskatchewan relate to the Canadian federal political system, along with the other Canadian provinces. Saskatchewan has a lieutenant-governor, who is the representative of the Crown in right of Saskatchewan; premier, Scott Moe, lead ...


References


External links


Metis Museum Page on Howard Adams
* Archives of Howard Adam
(Howard Adams fonds, R10982)
are held at
Library and Archives Canada Library and Archives Canada (LAC; french: Bibliothèque et Archives Canada) is the federal institution, tasked with acquiring, preserving, and providing accessibility to the documentary heritage of Canada. The national archive and library is t ...


Further reading

* Hartmut Lutz, Murray Hamilton and Donna Heimberker. "Howard Adams: OTAPAWY! The Life of a Metis Leader in his Own Words and in Those of his Contemporaries." Saskatoon: Gabriel Dumont Institute, 2005. *
Hartmut Lutz Hartmut Lutz (born April 26, 1945) is professor emeritus and former chair of American and Canadian studies: Anglophone literatures and cultures of North America at the University of Greifswald, Germany. He is the founder of the Institut für Anglist ...
: ''Identity as Interface: Fact and Fiction in the Autobiographical Writings of Howard Adams,'' in idem, ''Contemporary achievements. Contextualizing Canadian Aboriginal literatures.'' Studies in anglophone literatures and cultures, 6. Wißner,
Augsburg Augsburg (; bar , Augschburg , links=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swabian_German , label=Swabian German, , ) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, around west of Bavarian capital Munich. It is a university town and regional seat of the ' ...
2015, pp 222 – 240 * Hartmut Lutz: ''Not "Neither-Nor" but "Both, and More?" A Transnational Reading of Chicana and Metis Autobiografictions by
Sandra Cisneros Sandra Cisneros (born December 20, 1954) is an American writer. She is best known for her first novel, ''The House on Mango Street'' (1983), and her subsequent short story collection, '' Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories'' (1991). Her work e ...
and Howard Adams,'' in idem, ''Contemporary achievements. Contextualizing Canadian Aboriginal literatures.'' Studies in anglophone literatures and cultures, 6. Wißner, Augsburg 2015, pp 241 – 260 1921 births 2001 deaths Canadian activists Canadian Marxists Writers from Saskatchewan Métis writers Canadian Métis people Indspire Awards University of California, Berkeley alumni Canadian expatriates in the United States {{Canada-activist-stub