Honours of Winston Churchill
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Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 Winston Churchill in the Second World War, dur ...
received numerous honours and awards throughout his career as a
British Army The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...
officer,
statesman A statesman or stateswoman typically is a politician who has had a long and respected political career at the national or international level. Statesman or Statesmen may also refer to: Newspapers United States * ''The Statesman'' (Oregon), a n ...
and author. Perhaps the highest of these was the
state funeral A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony, observing the strict rules of Etiquette, protocol, held to honour people of national significance. State funerals usually include much pomp and ceremony as well as religious overtones and distinctive ...
held at
St Paul's Cathedral St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in London and is the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London. It is on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grad ...
, after his body had lain in state for three days in
Westminster Hall The Palace of Westminster serves as the meeting place for both the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Informally known as the Houses of Parli ...
, an honour rarely granted to anyone other than a British monarch or consort. Queen Elizabeth II also broke protocol by giving precedence to a subject, arriving at the cathedral ahead of Churchill's coffin. The funeral also saw one of the largest assemblages of statesmen in the world. Throughout his life, Churchill also accumulated other honours and awards. He was awarded 37 other orders and
medals A medal or medallion is a small portable artistic object, a thin disc, normally of metal, carrying a design, usually on both sides. They typically have a commemorative purpose of some kind, and many are presented as awards. They may be int ...
between 1895 and 1964. Of the orders, decorations and medals Churchill received, 20 were awarded by the United Kingdom, three by France, two each by Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg and Spain, and one each by the Czech Republic, Egypt, Estonia, Libya, Nepal, the Netherlands, Norway, and the United States. Ten were awarded for active service as a British Army officer in Cuba, India, Egypt, South Africa, the United Kingdom, France, and Belgium. The greater number of awards were given in recognition of his service as a minister of the British government.


Coat of arms

Churchill was not a peer, never held a title of nobility, and remained a
commoner A commoner, also known as the ''common man'', ''commoners'', the ''common people'' or the ''masses'', was in earlier use an ordinary person in a community or nation who did not have any significant social status, especially a member of neither ...
all his life. As the grandson of 7th Duke of Marlborough, he bore the quartered coat of arms of the Spencer and Churchill families. Paul Courtenay observes that "It would be normal in these circumstances for the paternal arms (Spencer) to take precedence over the maternal (Churchill), but because the Marlborough dukedom was senior to the Sunderland earldom, the procedure was reversed in this case." In 1817 an augmentation of honour was granted commemorating the victory of Blenheim by the 1st Duke.Paul Courtenay, The Armorial Bearings of Sir Winston Churchil
The Armorial Bearings of Sir Winston Churchill
(accessed 20 July 2013).
As Churchill's father,
Lord Randolph Churchill Lord Randolph Henry Spencer-Churchill (13 February 1849 – 24 January 1895) was a British statesman. Churchill was a Tory radical and coined the term 'Tory democracy'. He inspired a generation of party managers, created the National Union of ...
, was the surviving second son of the 7th Duke of Marlborough, his arms should have been differenced, by strict heraldic rules, with a
mark of cadency In heraldry, cadency is any systematic way to distinguish arms displayed by descendants of the holder of a coat of arms when those family members have not been granted arms in their own right. Cadency is necessary in heraldic systems in which ...
. Traditionally, this would have been a heraldic crescent. Those differenced arms would have been inherited by Winston Churchill. This never seems to have been used by Lord Randolph or Winston. As arms are used to differentiate two bearers, there doesn't seem to have been any confusion between Churchill's arms as a gentleman with many decorations and later Knight of the Garter, those of his brother as a plain gentleman, and his cousin, the Duke of Marlborough, which were adorned with the insignia of a duke. As a Knight of the Garter, Churchill was also entitled to supporters in his achievement. But, he never seems to have got around to applying for them. The resulting heraldic achievement is: ''quarterly 1st and 4th, Sable a lion rampant Argent on a canton of the second a cross Gules (
Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and again from 1 ...
); 2nd and 3rd, quarterly Argent and Gules, in the second and third quarters a fret Or, over all on a bend Sable three escallops of the first ( Spencer); in chief, on an escutcheon Argent a cross Gules surmounted by an inescutcheon Azure charged with three
fleurs-de-lys The fleur-de-lis, also spelled fleur-de-lys (plural ''fleurs-de-lis'' or ''fleurs-de-lys''), is a lily (in French, and mean 'flower' and 'lily' respectively) that is used as a decorative design or symbol. The fleur-de-lis has been used in the ...
Or''. When he became a
Knight of the Garter The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry founded by Edward III of England in 1348. It is the most senior order of knighthood in the British honours system, outranked in precedence only by the Victoria Cross and the George ...
in 1953, his arms were encircled by the garter of the order, and at the same time the
helms Helms is an English surname, English and Danish language, Danish Patronymic surname, Patronymic Surname and means son of Helm (given name), Helm, which derives from the Old Norse name ''Hjelm'' or ''Hjälm'' meaning 'helmet'. The name may als ...
were made open, which is the mark of a knight. His motto was that of the Dukes of Marlborough, ''Fiel pero desdichado'' (Spanish for "Faithful but unfortunate").Robson, Thomas, ''The British Herald, or Cabinet of Armorial Bearings of the Nobility & Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland'', Volume I, Turner & Marwood, Sunderland, 1830, p. 401 (CHU-CLA).


Honorary citizen

On 9 April 1963,
United States President The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United State ...
John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK and the nickname Jack, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination i ...
, acting under authorization granted by an Act of Congress, proclaimed Churchill the first
honorary citizen of the United States A person of exceptional merit, a non-United States citizen, may be declared an honorary citizen of the United States by an Act of Congress or by a proclamation issued by the president of the United States, pursuant to authorization granted by Cong ...
. Churchill was physically incapable of attending the
White House The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., and has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in 1800. ...
ceremony, so his son and grandson accepted the award for him. He had previously been made an honorary citizen of the City of Paris on 12 November 1944 while visiting the city following the liberation. During the ceremony at the Hôtel de Ville he received the Nazi flag that once flew from the Hôtel de Ville.


Proposed dukedoms

In 1945,
King George VI George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was also the last Emperor of Ind ...
offered Churchill to make him the ''
Duke of Dover Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ranked ...
'' – the first non-royal dukedom to be created since 1874 – as well to become a
Knight of the Garter The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry founded by Edward III of England in 1348. It is the most senior order of knighthood in the British honours system, outranked in precedence only by the Victoria Cross and the George ...
; however, Churchill turned down both. Since 1900, only members of the British royal family have been made dukes, so the offer was exceptional.The Orders, Decorations and Medals of Sir Winston Churchill by Douglas Russell In 1955, after retiring as prime minister, Churchill was again offered elevation to the peerage in the rank of
duke Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ran ...
by
Queen Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II, her death in 2022. She was queen ...
. By custom, prime ministers retiring from the
Commons The commons is the cultural and natural resources accessible to all members of a society, including natural materials such as air, water, and a habitable Earth. These resources are held in common even when owned privately or publicly. Commons ...
were usually offered
earldom Earl () is a rank of the nobility in the United Kingdom. The title originates in the Old English word ''eorl'', meaning "a man of noble birth or rank". The word is cognate with the Scandinavian form ''jarl'', and meant "chieftain", particular ...
s, so a dukedom was a sign of special honour. One title that was considered was ''Duke of London'', a city whose name had never been used in a peerage title. Churchill had represented divisions of three different counties in Parliament, and his home,
Chartwell Chartwell is a country house near Westerham, Kent, in South East England. For over forty years it was the home of Winston Churchill. He bought the property in September 1922 and lived there until shortly before his death in January 1965. In th ...
, was in a fourth, so the city in which he had spent most of his time during fifty years in politics was seen as a suitable choice. Churchill considered accepting the offer of a dukedom but eventually declined it; the lifestyle of a duke would have been expensive, and accepting any peerage might have cut short a renewed career in the
Commons The commons is the cultural and natural resources accessible to all members of a society, including natural materials such as air, water, and a habitable Earth. These resources are held in common even when owned privately or publicly. Commons ...
for his son
Randolph Randolph may refer to: Places In the United States * Randolph, Alabama, an unincorporated community * Randolph, Arizona, a populated place * Randolph, California, a village merged into the city of Brea * Randolph, Illinois, an unincorporated commun ...
, and in due course, might also have prevented one for his grandson Winston. At the time, there was no procedure for disclaiming a title; the procedure was first established by the
Peerage Act 1963 The Peerage Act 1963 (c. 48) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that permits women peeresses and all Scottish hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords and allows newly inherited hereditary peerages to be disclaimed. Backgro ...
. Upon inheriting a peerage, either Randolph or Winston would immediately be unseated from the House of Commons.


Political and government offices

*
Member of Parliament A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members of ...
(1901–1922, 1924–1964) * Under Secretary of State for the Colonies (1905–1908) *
Privy Counsellor The Privy Council (PC), officially His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, is a privy council, formal body of advisers to the British monarchy, sovereign of the United Kingdom. Its membership mainly comprises Politics of the United King ...
(1907–1965) *
President of the Board of Trade The president of the Board of Trade is head of the Board of Trade. This is a committee of the His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, Privy Council of the United Kingdom, first established as a temporary committee of inquiry in the 17th centu ...
(1908–1910) *
Home Secretary The secretary of state for the Home Department, otherwise known as the home secretary, is a senior minister of the Crown in the Government of the United Kingdom. The home secretary leads the Home Office, and is responsible for all national ...
(1910–1911) *
First Lord of the Admiralty The First Lord of the Admiralty, or formally the Office of the First Lord of the Admiralty, was the political head of the English and later British Royal Navy. He was the government's senior adviser on all naval affairs, responsible for the di ...
(1911–1915, 1939–1940) *
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster The chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster is a ministerial office in the Government of the United Kingdom. The position is the second highest ranking minister in the Cabinet Office, immediately after the Prime Minister, and senior to the Minist ...
(1915) *
Minister of Munitions The Minister of Munitions was a British government position created during the First World War to oversee and co-ordinate the production and distribution of munitions for the war effort. The position was created in response to the Shell Crisis of ...
(1917–1919) *
Secretary of State for War The Secretary of State for War, commonly called War Secretary, was a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, which existed from 1794 to 1801 and from 1854 to 1964. The Secretary of State for War headed the War Office and ...
and
Secretary of State for Air The Secretary of State for Air was a Secretary of State (United Kingdom), secretary of state position in the British government, which existed from 1919 to 1964. The person holding this position was in charge of the Air Ministry. The Secretar ...
(1919–1922) *
Chancellor of the Exchequer The chancellor of the Exchequer, often abbreviated to chancellor, is a senior minister of the Crown within the Government of the United Kingdom, and head of His Majesty's Treasury. As one of the four Great Offices of State, the Chancellor is ...
(1924–1929) *
First Lord of the Admiralty The First Lord of the Admiralty, or formally the Office of the First Lord of the Admiralty, was the political head of the English and later British Royal Navy. He was the government's senior adviser on all naval affairs, responsible for the di ...
(1939–1940) *
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern pr ...
(1940–1945, 1951–1955) *
Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports The Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports is a ceremonial official in the United Kingdom. The post dates from at least the 12th century, when the title was Keeper of the Coast, but may be older. The Lord Warden was originally in charge of the Cinqu ...
(1941–1965) *
King's Privy Council for Canada The 's Privy Council for Canada (french: Conseil privé du Roi pour le Canada),) during the reign of a queen. sometimes called Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or simply the Privy Council (PC), is the full group of personal consultants to the ...
(29 December 1941 – 1965) *
Leader of the Opposition The Leader of the Opposition is a title traditionally held by the leader of the largest political party not in government, typical in countries utilizing the parliamentary system form of government. The leader of the opposition is typically se ...
(1945–1951) *
Father of the House of Commons Father of the House is a title that has been traditionally bestowed, unofficially, on certain members of some legislatures, most notably the House of Commons in the United Kingdom. In some legislatures the title refers to the longest continuously- ...
(1959–1964)


Other honours

In 1913, Churchill was appointed an ''Elder Brother'' of
Trinity House "Three In One" , formation = , founding_location = Deptford, London, England , status = Royal Charter corporation and registered charity , purpose = Maintenance of lighthouses, buoys and beacons , he ...
as result of his appointment as
First Lord of the Admiralty The First Lord of the Admiralty, or formally the Office of the First Lord of the Admiralty, was the political head of the English and later British Royal Navy. He was the government's senior adviser on all naval affairs, responsible for the di ...
. In 1922 he was invested as a
Companion of Honour The Order of the Companions of Honour is an order of the Commonwealth realms. It was founded on 4 June 1917 by King George V as a reward for outstanding achievements. Founded on the same date as the Order of the British Empire, it is sometimes ...
and in 1946 he became a member of the
Order of Merit The Order of Merit (french: link=no, Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by K ...
. In 1953 he was invested as a
Knight of the Garter The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry founded by Edward III of England in 1348. It is the most senior order of knighthood in the British honours system, outranked in precedence only by the Victoria Cross and the George ...
, the highest ranking British order of knighthood. On 4 April 1939, Churchill was made an Honorary Air Commodore of No. 615 (County of Surrey) Squadron ("Churchill's Own") in the
Auxiliary Air Force The Royal Auxiliary Air Force (RAuxAF), formerly the Auxiliary Air Force (AAF), together with the Air Force Reserve, is a component of His Majesty's Reserve Air Forces (Reserve Forces Act 1996, Part 1, Para 1,(2),(c)). It provides a primary rein ...
. In March 1943, the
Air Council Air Council (or Air Force Council) was the governing body of the Royal Air Force until the merger of the Air Ministry with the other armed forces ministries to form the Ministry of Defence in 1964. It was succeeded by the Air Force Board. Mem ...
awarded Churchill honorary
wings A wing is a type of fin that produces lift while moving through air or some other fluid. Accordingly, wings have streamlined cross-sections that are subject to aerodynamic forces and act as airfoils. A wing's aerodynamic efficiency is expresse ...
. He retained the appointment until 11 March 1957 when 615 Squadron was disbanded. He did, however, continue to hold the rank of Honorary Air Commodore. He frequently wore his uniform as an Air Commodore during World War II. He was the
Colonel Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of ...
of the
4th Queen's Own Hussars The 4th Queen's Own Hussars was a cavalry regiment in the British Army, first raised in 1685. It saw service for three centuries, including the First World War and the Second World War. It amalgamated with the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars, to ...
(his old regiment) and, after its amalgamation, the first Colonel of the
Queen's Royal Irish Hussars The Queen's Royal Irish Hussars, abbreviated as QRIH, was a cavalry regiment of the British Army formed from the amalgamation of the 4th Queen's Own Hussars and the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars in 1958. The regiment saw active service against ...
, which he held until his death in 1965. He was also Honorary Colonel of the
Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars The Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars (QOOH) was a Yeomanry Cavalry regiment of the British Army's auxiliary forces, formed in 1798. It saw service in the Second Boer War with 40 and 59 Companies of the Imperial Yeomanry and was the first Yeomanry ...
. From 1941 to his death, he was the
Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports The Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports is a ceremonial official in the United Kingdom. The post dates from at least the 12th century, when the title was Keeper of the Coast, but may be older. The Lord Warden was originally in charge of the Cinqu ...
, a ceremonial office. In 1941,
Canadian Governor General The governor general of Canada (french: gouverneure générale du Canada) is the federal viceregal representative of the . The is head of state of Canada and the 14 other Commonwealth realms, but resides in oldest and most populous realm, ...
Alexander Cambridge, Earl of Athlone, swore him into the
King's Privy Council for Canada The 's Privy Council for Canada (french: Conseil privé du Roi pour le Canada),) during the reign of a queen. sometimes called Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or simply the Privy Council (PC), is the full group of personal consultants to the ...
. Although this allowed him to use the honorific title ''
The Honourable ''The Honourable'' (British English) or ''The Honorable'' (American English; see spelling differences) (abbreviation: ''Hon.'', ''Hon'ble'', or variations) is an honorific style that is used as a prefix before the names or titles of certain ...
'' and the post-nominal letters ''PC'', both of these were trumped by his membership in the Imperial Privy Council, which allowed him the use of ''
The Right Honourable ''The Right Honourable'' ( abbreviation: ''Rt Hon.'' or variations) is an honorific style traditionally applied to certain persons and collective bodies in the United Kingdom, the former British Empire and the Commonwealth of Nations. The term is ...
''. He was also appointed Grand Seigneur of the Hudson's Bay Company in December 1955. In 1945, he was mentioned by
Halvdan Koht Halvdan Koht (7 July 1873 – 12 December 1965) was a Norwegian historian and politician representing the Labour Party. Born in the north of Norway to a fairly distinguished family, he soon became interested in politics and history. Star ...
among seven candidates that were qualified for the
Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor and armaments (military weapons and equipment) manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemi ...
. However, he did not explicitly nominate any of them. Actually, he nominated
Cordell Hull Cordell Hull (October 2, 1871July 23, 1955) was an American politician from Tennessee and the longest-serving U.S. Secretary of State, holding the position for 11 years (1933–1944) in the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt ...
. On 4 July 1947, Churchill was admitted as an hereditary member of the Connecticut
Society of the Cincinnati The Society of the Cincinnati is a fraternal, hereditary society founded in 1783 to commemorate the American Revolutionary War that saw the creation of the United States. Membership is largely restricted to descendants of military officers wh ...
. He was presented with his insignia and diploma when he visited Washington, D.C. on January 16, 1952. A prolific painter in oils, in 1948 he was elected as an Honorary Academician Extraordinary by the
Royal Academy The Royal Academy of Arts (RA) is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly in London. Founded in 1768, it has a unique position as an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects. Its pur ...
: a highly unusual honour for an amateur artist. In 1949, Churchill held the office of Deputy Lieutenant (DL) of
Kent Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north-west, Surrey to the west and East Sussex to the south-west, and Essex to the north across the estuary of the River Thames; it faces ...
. In 1953, he was made a
Knight of the Garter The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry founded by Edward III of England in 1348. It is the most senior order of knighthood in the British honours system, outranked in precedence only by the Victoria Cross and the George ...
, which gave him the title Sir Winston Churchill, KG. He also won the
Nobel Prize in Literature ) , image = Nobel Prize.png , caption = , awarded_for = Outstanding contributions in literature , presenter = Swedish Academy , holder = Annie Ernaux (2022) , location = Stockholm, Sweden , year = 1901 , ...
"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending high human values." He was Chancellor of the
University of Bristol , mottoeng = earningpromotes one's innate power (from Horace, ''Ode 4.4'') , established = 1595 – Merchant Venturers School1876 – University College, Bristol1909 – received royal charter , type ...
, as well as, in 1959, ''
Father of the House Father of the House is a title that has been traditionally bestowed, unofficially, on certain members of some legislatures, most notably the House of Commons in the United Kingdom. In some legislatures the title refers to the longest continuously- ...
'', the MP with the longest continuous service. In 1956, Churchill received the Karlspreis (known in English as the Charlemagne Award), an award by the German city of
Aachen Aachen ( ; ; Aachen dialect: ''Oche'' ; French and traditional English: Aix-la-Chapelle; or ''Aquisgranum''; nl, Aken ; Polish: Akwizgran) is, with around 249,000 inhabitants, the 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, and the 28th- ...
to those who most contribute to the European idea and European peace. The
Royal Society of Literature The Royal Society of Literature (RSL) is a learned society founded in 1820, by George IV of the United Kingdom, King George IV, to "reward literary merit and excite literary talent". A charity that represents the voice of literature in the UK, th ...
made Churchill one of the first five authors to be named a
Companion of Literature The title ''‘Companion of Literature’'' is the highest award bestowed by the Royal Society of Literature. The title was inaugurated in 1961, and is held by up to twelve living writers at any one time. Recipients Those who have been awarded t ...
in 1961. Also in 1961, the
Chartered Institute of Building The Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) is a UK-based international professional association which exists to promote and advance for the public benefit the science and practice of building and construction. On official website Originating in ...
named Churchill as an Honorary Fellow for his services and passion for the construction industry. In 1964,
Civitan International Civitan International, based in Birmingham, Alabama, is an association of community service clubs founded in 1917. The organization aims "to build good citizenship by providing a volunteer organization of clubs dedicated to serving individual an ...
presented Churchill with its first World Citizenship Award for service to the world community. Churchill was also appointed a
Kentucky Colonel Kentucky Colonel is the highest title of honor bestowed by the Commonwealth of Kentucky, and is the most well-known of a number of honorary colonelcies conferred by United States governors. A Kentucky Colonel Commission (the certificate) is ...
. When Churchill was 88, he was asked by the Duke of Edinburgh how he would like to be remembered. He replied with a scholarship like the
Rhodes scholarship The Rhodes Scholarship is an international postgraduate award for students to study at the University of Oxford, in the United Kingdom. Established in 1902, it is the oldest graduate scholarship in the world. It is considered among the world' ...
but for the wider masses. After his death, the
Winston Churchill Memorial Trust Winston Churchill Memorial Trusts (WCMT) are three independent but related living memorials to Sir Winston Churchill, based in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. They exist for the purpose of administering Churchill Fellowships, a ...
was established in the United Kingdom and Australia. A Churchill Trust Memorial Day was held in Australia, raising $4.3 million. Since that time, the Churchill Trust in Australia has supported over 3,000 scholarship recipients in a diverse variety of fields, where merit, either on the basis of past experience or potential, and the propensity to contribute to the community, have been the only criteria. One of the four sets of
false teeth Dentures (also known as false teeth) are prosthetic devices constructed to replace missing teeth, and are supported by the surrounding soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Conventional dentures are removable (removable partial denture or ...
that Winston Churchill wore his whole life to keep his unique way of speaking is now in the
Hunterian Museum The Hunterian is a complex of museums located in and operated by the University of Glasgow in Glasgow, Scotland. It is the oldest museum in Scotland. It covers the Hunterian Museum, the Hunterian Art Gallery, the Mackintosh House, the Zoology M ...
at the
Royal College of Surgeons The Royal College of Surgeons is an ancient college (a form of corporation) established in England to regulate the activity of surgeons. Derivative organisations survive in many present and former members of the Commonwealth. These organisations a ...
in England.


Namesakes


Ships, trains and tanks

Two
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...
warships have been named HMS ''Churchill'': the destroyer (I45) (1940–1944) and the submarine (1970–1991). On 10 March 2001, the ''
Arleigh Burke Arleigh Albert Burke (October 19, 1901 – January 1, 1996) was an admiral of the United States Navy who distinguished himself during World War II and the Korean War, and who served as Chief of Naval Operations during the Eisenhower and Kenne ...
''-class destroyer was commissioned into the
United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...
. The launch and christening of the ship two years earlier had been co-sponsored by Churchill's daughter,
Lady Soames Mary Soames, Baroness Soames, (; 15 September 1922 31 May 2014) was an English author. The youngest of the five children of Winston Churchill and his wife, Clementine, she worked for public organisations including the Red Cross and the Women's ...
. In addition, the Danish
DFDS DFDS is a Danish international shipping and logistics company. It is the busiest shipping company of its kind in Northern Europe and one of the busiest in Europe. The company's name is an abbreviation of Det Forenede Dampskibs-Selskab (literally ...
line named a car ferry ''
Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 Winston Churchill in the Second World War, dur ...
,'' and the Corporation of
Trinity House "Three In One" , formation = , founding_location = Deptford, London, England , status = Royal Charter corporation and registered charity , purpose = Maintenance of lighthouses, buoys and beacons , he ...
named one of their
lighthouse tender A lighthouse tender is a ship specifically designed to maintain, support, or tend to lighthouses or lightvessels, providing supplies, fuel, mail, and transportation. In the United States, these ships originally served as part of the Lighthous ...
s similarly. A sail training ship was named ''Sir Winston Churchill''. In September 1947, the Southern Railway named a
Battle of Britain class The SR West Country and Battle of Britain classes, collectively known as ''Light Pacifics'' or informally as ''Spam Cans'', are air-smoothed 4-6-2 ''Pacific'' steam locomotives designed for the Southern Railway by its Chief Mechanical Engine ...
steam locomotive, SR Battle of Britain class 21C151 Winston Churchill, No. 21C151, after him. Churchill was offered the opportunity to perform the naming ceremony, but he declined. Later, the locomotive was used to pull his funeral train, and it is now kept in York's National Railway Museum. The Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway#Locomotives, Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway locomotive No. 9, ''Winston Churchill''. The Churchill tank, or Infantry Tank Mk IV; was a British Second World War tank named after Churchill, who was Prime Minister at the time of its design.


Parks and geographic features

The Winston Churchill Range in the Canadian Rockies was named in his honour. Also in Canada, Sir Winston Churchill Provincial Park and Churchill Lake in Saskatchewan were named after him, and Churchill Falls on the Churchill River (Atlantic), Churchill River in Newfoundland and Labrador. Winston Churchill Square is a garden and sitting area in Manhattan, New York City. Churchill Park, Glendowie, New Zealand. The Churchill National Park in Australia, which was established on 12 February 1941 as the Dandenong National Park, was renamed in 1944 in his honour. Churchill Island and Churchill Island Marine National Park in Victoria, Australia were also named after him. The Churchill Park (Danish language, Danish: Churchillparken) located in central Copenhagen, Denmark, is named after Churchill in commemoration of Churchill and the British help to Denmark in the liberation of Denmark during World War II.


Roads

: *Winston Churchill Avenue is a major road in Portsmouth. *Basingstoke and Salford, Greater Manchester, Salford both have roads called Churchill Way. : *The south end of Churchill Avenue in Ottawa was the site of the Churchill Arms Motor Hotel, which many residents of Ottawa remember for its three-storey exterior painting of the silhouette of Winston Churchill. Churchill Avenue was itself renamed from Main Street after the Second World War. *In St. Albert, Alberta Sir Winston Churchill Ave runs east to west through the city. *Winston Churchill Boulevard in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada is also named in his honour. : The main road connecting the border with Spain and the airport to the city centre is called Winston Churchill Avenue, Gibraltar, Winston Churchill Avenue. : In the Netherlands, about ninety roads and streets are named after Winston Churchill, including ', a major avenue in Leiden (part of the N206 road) and ', an avenue in Amsterdam. : The main road through Crofton Downs, a suburb of Wellington is named Churchill Drive. Several streets in the Suburb are named after Winston Churchill (including Winston Street and Spencer Street,) family members (including Randolph Road and Clementine Way,) or other connections to Churchill (including Downing Street, Chartwell Drive and Admirialty Street.) : Streets in the cities of Trondheim and Tromsø are named in Winston Churchill's honour. Namely "Churchills vei" in Jakobsli, Trondheim and "Winston Churchills vei" in Tromsø. : *Av. Churchill - Centro, Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro; *Av. Churchill, Centro, Niterói -Rio de Janeiro ; *Av. Churchill, Santa Efigênia , Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais; *Av. Winston Churchill, Fugmann, Londrina - Paraná (state), Paraná; *Av. Winston Churchill, Capão Raso, Curitiba - Paraná (state), Paraná; *Av. Winston Churchill, Rudge Ramos, São Bernardo do Campo - São Paulo; *Av. Winston Churchill, Parque Centenário, Duque de Caxias - Rio de Janeiro; *Rua Churchill, Vila São Jorge, Nova Iquaçu - Rio de Janeiro; *Rua Churchill, Cascatinha, Nova friburgo - Rio de Janeiro; *Rua Churchill, Jardim Nakamura, São Paulo - São Paulo; *Rua Churchill, Cruz, Lorena, São Paulo, Lorena - São Paulo; *Rua Churchill, Iririú, Joinville - Santa Catarina (state), Santa Catarina; *Rua Winston Churchill, Jardim São Caetano, São Caetano do Sul - São Paulo; *Rua Winston Churchill, Jardim das Industrias, São José dos Campos - São Paulo; *Rua Winston Churchill, Bela Vista, Salto, São Paulo, Salto - São Paulo; *Rua Winston Churchill, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Presidente Prudente - São Paulo; *Rua Winston Churchill, Solo Sagrado, São José do Rio Preto - São Paulo; *Rua Winston Churchill, Vila São José, Nova Lima - Minas Gerais; *Rua Winston Churchill, Cidade Nobre, Ipatinga - Minas Gerais; *Rua Winston Churchill,Cavaleiros, Macaé - Rio de Janeiro; *Rua Winston Churchill,Centro, Viana, Espírito Santo, Viana - Espirito Santo. : Streets in the cities of Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Netanya and Daliyat al-Karmel are named in Winston Churchill's honour.


Schools

Many schools have been named after him: Ten schools in Canada are named in his honour: one each in Vancouver, Winnipeg, Thunder Bay, Hamilton, Ontario, Hamilton, Kingston, Ontario, Kingston, St. Catharines, Lethbridge, Calgary, Toronto (Scarborough, Toronto, Scarborough) and Ottawa also in London,Ont. Churchill Auditorium at the Technion is named after him. At least four American high schools carry his name; these are located in Potomac, Maryland; Livonia, Michigan; Eugene, Oregon and San Antonio, Texas.


Buildings, public squares and infrastructure

: *The national and Commonwealth memorial to Churchill is Churchill College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, which was founded in 1958 and opened in 1960. It is also home to the Churchill Archives Centre, which holds the papers of Sir Winston Churchill and over 570 collections of personal papers and archives documenting the history of the Churchill era and after. *In London, One Churchill Place, Churchill Place is one of the main squares in Canary Wharf. *Also in London, The Churchill Arms was re-named after him after World War 2. *Energlyn and Churchill Park railway station in Wales is named in his honour. *Churchill Square (Brighton and Hove), England : *The Churchill occupying an entire block in New York City's Midtown Manhattan neighborhood is a residential building named after him, and features his portrait in the lobby and rooftop pool (rare for NYC residences). *In Fulton, Missouri, the National Churchill Museum. : *The city of Edmonton, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada has a stop on the Edmonton LRT system and a public square named in his honour. Churchill Square (Edmonton), Churchill Square, is the main square in that city and was renovated in 2004 for the city's 100th anniversary of incorporation. *Churchill Square (St. John's), Newfoundland. *The neighbourhood of Churchill Park, St. John's. : *In Lyon, the Bridges of Lyon#Pont Winston Churchill (1982), Winston Churchill bridge. *In Neuilly-sur-Seine, the . : (Winston Churchill Square) is located behind Praha hlavní nádraží, The Main Train Station in Prague, Czech Republic. : The town of Churchill, Victoria. : A large Dock (maritime), dock in the Port of Antwerp was named after him by
Queen Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II, her death in 2022. She was queen ...
at a ceremony in 1966. : , a square in Rotterdam. Also the square in front of the World Forum (The Hague), World Forum in The Hague is named after him. : Churchill Park (Lautoka) stadium.


Other objects

He appeared on the 1965 Crown (British coin), crown, the first commoner to be placed on a British coin. He made another appearance on a crown issued in 2010 to honour the 70th anniversary of his Premiership. Pol Roger's prestige cuvée Champagne, ''Cuvée Sir Winston Churchill'', is named after him. The first vintage, 1975, was launched in 1984 at Blenheim Palace. The name was accepted by his heirs as Churchill was a faithful customer of Pol Roger. Following Churchill's death in 1965, Pol Roger added a black border to the label on bottles shipped to the UK as a sign of mourning. This was not lifted until 1990. The ''Julieta'' (7" × 47), a size of cigar, is also commonly known as a Churchill. Churchill's Toyshop.


Polls

Churchill has been included in numerous polls, mostly connected with greatness. ''Time (magazine), Time'' named him its Time Person of the Year, Man of the Year for 1940, and "Man of the Half-Century" in 1949. A BBC survey, of January 2000, saw Churchill voted the greatest British prime minister of the 20th century. In 2002, BBC TV viewers and web site users voted him the greatest Briton of all time in a ten-part series called Great Britons, a poll attracting almost two million votes.


Statues

Many statues have been created in likeness and in honour of Churchill. Numerous buildings and squares have also been named in his honour. The most prominent example of a statue of Churchill is the Statue of Winston Churchill, Parliament Square, official statue commissioned by the government and created by Ivor Roberts-Jones which now stands in Parliament Square. It was unveiled by Churchill's widow, Clementine Churchill, Baroness Spencer-Churchill, Lady Churchill, on 1 November 1973, and was Listed building, Grade II listed in 2008. In June 2020 when anti-racism protests occurred in the United Kingdom during the George Floyd protests, the Statue of Winston Churchill, Parliament Square, statue of Sir Winston Churchill located in Parliament Square was vandalised when a protester painted graffiti on the statue reading “was a racist” underneath Churchill’s name which was crossed out by the same vandal who wrote the sentence. A couple of days after this event took place the statue was cleaned and it did not sustain any permanent damage. Another Roberts-Jones statue of Churchill displaying the V sign is prominently placed in New Orleans (erected in 1977). In addition several other statues have also been made, including a bronze bust of Winston Churchill (Epstein), bust of Winston Churchill by Jacob Epstein (1947), several statues by David McFall at Woodford, London, Woodford (1959), William McVey (sculptor), William McVey outside the British embassy in Washington, D.C. (1966), Franta Belsky at Fulton, Missouri (1969), at least three from Oscar Nemon: one on the front lawn of the Halifax Public Libraries, Halifax Public Library branch on Spring Garden Road, Halifax Regional Municipality, Halifax, Nova Scotia (1980); one in the British House of Commons (1969); a bust of his head along with that of Franklin Roosevelt commemorating the Quebec Conference, 1943 next to Port St. Louis in Quebec City (1998); and one in Nathan Phillips Square outside of Toronto City Hall (1977), and Jean Cardot beside the Petit Palais in Paris (1998). A statue of Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt, Roosevelt, sculpted by Lawrence Holofcener is located in New Bond Street, London. There is an oversized bust of Churchill at the Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site in Hyde Park, New York. It is paired with a similar bust of President Roosevelt. After Churchill was declared the greatest Briton of all time in the BBC poll and television series Great Britons (see above), a statue was erected in his honour and now stands at the BBC television studios. Churchill is also memorialised by many statues and a public square in New York City, New York, in recognition of his life, and also because his mother was from New York. His maternal family is also memorialised in streets, parks, and neighbourhoods throughout the city. In 2012, a statue of Churchill was erected in Jerusalem in recognition of his "staunch and unwavering support of the Jewish cause and their desire for a homeland".


Orders, decorations and medals


British orders and medals

* Order of the Garter (Knight Companion) (1953) *
Order of Merit The Order of Merit (french: link=no, Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit for the Commonwealth realms, recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of culture. Established in 1902 by K ...
(1946) * Order of the Companions of Honour (1922) * The India Medal with clasp, Punjab Frontier 1897–98 (1898) * The Queen's Sudan Medal, 1896–98 (1899) * The Queen's South Africa Medal, 1899–1902, with six clasps (1901) * 1914-15 Star (1919) * British War Medal, British War Medal 1914–1918 (1919) * Victory Medal (United Kingdom) 1914–1919 (1920) * 1939–1945 Star (1945) * Africa Star (1945) * Italy Star (1945) * France and Germany Star (1945) * Defence Medal (United Kingdom), Defence Medal (1945) * War Medal 1939–1945 (1945) * King George V Coronation Medal (1911) * King George V Silver Jubilee Medal (1935) * King George VI Coronation Medal (1937) * Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal (1953) * Territorial Decoration (1924)


Foreign honours


Orders

File:GarterInsigniaBurkes.JPG, Insignia of a Knight of the Order of the Garter File:Keten van de Leopoldsorde.jpg, Collar of the Order of Leopold (Belgium), Order of Leopold File:Keten van de Orde van Sint Olaf 1893.jpg, Collar of the Order of Saint Olav File:Keten Olifant.jpg, Collar of the Order of the Elephant File:Ster van de Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw.jpg, Star of the Order of the Netherlands Lion. * Cross of the Crosses of Military Merit, Order of Military Merit, Red Ribbon (War Service) (Spain, 1895) * Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold (Belgium), Order of Leopold with Palm (Belgium, 1945) * Knight Grand Cross, Order of the Netherlands Lion (Netherlands, 1946) * Grand Cross, Order of the Oak Crown (Luxembourg, 1946) * Grand Cross with Collar, Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav (Norway, 1948) * Knight of the Order of the Elephant (Denmark, 1950) * Companion of the Ordre de la Libération (France, 1958) * Most Refulgent Order of the Star of Nepal, First Class (Nepal, 1961) * Grand Sash of the High Order of Sayyid Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi (Libya, 1962) * Order of the White Lion (Class I, civilian) (Czech Republic, posthumously 2014)


Decorations

* Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army) (United States, 1919) * Cross of Liberty (Estonia), Cross of Liberty for Military Leadership, Grade I (Estonia, 1925) * War Cross (Belgium), Croix de Guerre with bronze Palm (Belgium, 1945) * Military Medal (Luxembourg), Military Medal (Luxembourg, 1946) * Médaille militaire (France, 1947) * Croix de guerre 1939–1945, Croix de Guerre with bronze Palm (France, 1947)


Service medals

* Khedive's Sudan Medal (1897), Khedive's Sudan Medal (clasp: Khartoum) (Egypt, 1899) * Cuban Volunteer Campaign Medal, 1895–98 (Spain, 1914) * King Christian X's Liberty Medal (Denmark, 1947)


Military ranks and titles

* Cornet,
4th Queen's Own Hussars The 4th Queen's Own Hussars was a cavalry regiment in the British Army, first raised in 1685. It saw service for three centuries, including the First World War and the Second World War. It amalgamated with the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars, to ...
(20 February 1895) * Lieutenant, 4th Queen's Own Hussars (20 May 1896) (resigned commission 3 May 1899) * Lieutenant, South African Light Horse (January 1900) * Captain,
Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars The Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars (QOOH) was a Yeomanry Cavalry regiment of the British Army's auxiliary forces, formed in 1798. It saw service in the Second Boer War with 40 and 59 Companies of the Imperial Yeomanry and was the first Yeomanry ...
(QOOH), Imperial Yeomanry (4 January 1902) * Major, Henley Squadron, Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars (27 May 1905) * Major, QOOH, attached to 2nd Battalion, Grenadier Guards (November 1915 – 5 January 1916) * Lieutenant-Colonel (temporary), QOOH, attached to 6th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers (5 January 1916 – March 1916) * Major, Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars, Territorial Army (United Kingdom), Territorial Army (March 1916 – 1924) * Honorary Air commodore, Air Commodore of No. 615 Squadron RAF (4 Apr 1939 – 1957)Who Was Who, 1961–1970. p. 206. * Honorary Colonel,
Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars The Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars (QOOH) was a Yeomanry Cavalry regiment of the British Army's auxiliary forces, formed in 1798. It saw service in the Second Boer War with 40 and 59 Companies of the Imperial Yeomanry and was the first Yeomanry ...
(21 October 1939 – 13 October 1959) * Honorary Colonel, Royal Artillery, Territorial Army (21 October 1939 – 24 January 1965)The Quarterly Army List, July 1942. Vol. 1., p. 474. * Honorary Colonel, 6th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers (24 January 1940 – 1947) * Colonel,
4th Queen's Own Hussars The 4th Queen's Own Hussars was a cavalry regiment in the British Army, first raised in 1685. It saw service for three centuries, including the First World War and the Second World War. It amalgamated with the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars, to ...
(22 October 1941 – 24 October 1958) * Honorary Colonel, 5th Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment, 4th/5th (Cinque Ports) Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment (14 November 1941 – 24 January 1965) * Major, Territorial Army, Retired (20 February 1942) * Honorary Colonel, 489th (Cinque Ports) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA, Territorial Army (20 February 1942 – 1 July 1955) * Honorary Colonel, 4th Battalion, The Essex Regiment (21 January 1945 – 24 January 1965) * Colonel,
Queen's Royal Irish Hussars The Queen's Royal Irish Hussars, abbreviated as QRIH, was a cavalry regiment of the British Army formed from the amalgamation of the 4th Queen's Own Hussars and the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars in 1958. The regiment saw active service against ...
(24 October 1958 – 24 January 1965) * Honorary Pilot Wings, Royal Air Force (March 1943) * Honorary Pilot Wings, United States Air Force * Colonel, Honorable Order of
Kentucky Colonel Kentucky Colonel is the highest title of honor bestowed by the Commonwealth of Kentucky, and is the most well-known of a number of honorary colonelcies conferred by United States governors. A Kentucky Colonel Commission (the certificate) is ...
s


Academic

* Fellow of the Royal Society (1941–1965) * Rector of the University of Aberdeen (1914–18) * Rector of Edinburgh University (1929–32) * Chancellor (education), Chancellor of the
University of Bristol , mottoeng = earningpromotes one's innate power (from Horace, ''Ode 4.4'') , established = 1595 – Merchant Venturers School1876 – University College, Bristol1909 – received royal charter , type ...
(1929–1965) * List of Royal Academicians, Honorary Academician Extraordinary of the Royal Academy of Arts (1948–1965). * Honorary title (academic), Honorary Professorship at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1949. * Member of the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium.


Honorary degrees

Churchill received many honorary doctorates from British universities as well other universities in the world, e.g.: * Honorary degree of Legum Doctor, Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) from Queen's University Belfast (Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, UK) in 1926 * Honorary degree of Legum Doctor, Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) from the University of Rochester (Rochester, New York, United States, US) on 16 June 1941 * Honorary degree of Legum Doctor, Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) from Harvard University (Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, US) on 6 September 1943 * Honorary degree, Honorary Doctor of Laws (Hon. LL.D.) from McGill University (Montreal, Quebec, Canada) on 16 September 1944 * Honorary degree of Legum Doctor, Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) from the University of Miami (Coral Gables, Florida, United States, US) on 26 February 1946 * Honorary degree of Legum Doctor, Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) from the University of Aberdeen (Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom, UK) on 27 April 1946 * Honorary degree of Legum Doctor, Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) from Westminster College (Missouri), Westminster College (Fulton, Missouri, United States, US) on 5 May 1946 * Doctorate honoris causa (Dr. h.c.) in Law from Leiden University (Leiden, Netherlands) on 10 May 1946 * Honorary degree, Honorary Doctor of Laws (Hon. LL.D.) from the University of London (London, England, United Kingdom, UK) in 1948 * Honorary degree of Legum Doctor, Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) from the University of Liverpool (Liverpool, England, United Kingdom, UK) in 1949 * Doctor Philosophiae (Danish and Norwegian degree), Doctor Philosophiae Honoris Causa (Dr. Phil. h.c.) from the University of Copenhagen (Copenhagen, Denmark) in 1950


Other distinctions

*
Nobel Prize in Literature ) , image = Nobel Prize.png , caption = , awarded_for = Outstanding contributions in literature , presenter = Swedish Academy , holder = Annie Ernaux (2022) , location = Stockholm, Sweden , year = 1901 , ...
(1953) * Albert Gold Medal, Royal Society of Arts (1945) *
Companion of Literature The title ''‘Companion of Literature’'' is the highest award bestowed by the Royal Society of Literature. The title was inaugurated in 1961, and is held by up to twelve living writers at any one time. Recipients Those who have been awarded t ...
, Royal Society of Literature (1961) * Grotius Medal, Netherlands (1949) * Grand Seigneur of the Hudson's Bay Company (1955) * Karlspreis (1956) * The Williamsburg Award (7 December 1955) * Franklin Medal, City of Philadelphia, US (1956) * 1st World Citizenship Award from
Civitan International Civitan International, based in Birmingham, Alabama, is an association of community service clubs founded in 1917. The organization aims "to build good citizenship by providing a volunteer organization of clubs dedicated to serving individual an ...
(1964) * Theodor Herzl Award, Zionist Organization of America (1964) * Honorary Bencher, Gray's Inn (18 February 1942) * Honorary Member, Lloyd's of London * Honorary Life Member, Veteran's Fire Engine Company, Alexandria, Virginia (1960) * Member of Amalgamated Union of Building Trade Workers * President of the Victoria Cross and George Cross Association 1959–1965.


Membership in lineage societies

*Royal Society of St George (Vice President) *
Society of the Cincinnati The Society of the Cincinnati is a fraternal, hereditary society founded in 1783 to commemorate the American Revolutionary War that saw the creation of the United States. Membership is largely restricted to descendants of military officers wh ...
(1947) *Sons of the American Revolution (1963)


Freedom of the City

* 2 April 1941: Oldham * 12 October 1942: Edinburgh * 30 June 1943: Freedom of the City of London, London * 16 November 1944: Paris * 1945: Wanstead and Woodford * 4 October 1946: Blackpool * 1946: Poole * 1946: Aberdeen * 1946: Westminster * 31 October 1946: Birmingham * 1947: Manchester * 1947: Ayr * 1947: Darlington * 3 October 1947: Brighton * 22 April 1948: Eastbourne * 6 July 1948: Aldershot * 16 July 1948: Cardiff * 27 May 1948: Perth * 1949: Kensington * 20 May 1950: Worcester * 13 July 1950: Bath * 12 December 1950: Portsmouth * 2 March 1951: Swindon * 16 April 1951: Sheffield * 15 August 1951: Deal * 1951: Aberystwyth * 1951: Dover * 1953: Stirling * 17 January 1953: Kingston * 15 December 1950: Portsmouth * 30 September 1955: Harrow * 16 December 1955: Derry * 16 December 1955: Freedom of the City of Belfast, Belfast * 3 March 1956: Roquebrune-Cap-Martin * 23 July 1957: Douglas * 27 November 1957: Margate * 28 October 1958: Leeds * 10 October 1964: Estcourt Churchill received a worldwide total of 42 Freedoms of cities and towns, in his lifetime a record for a lifelong British citizen.At the time of publication the world record was the 57 conferred on Andrew Carnegie who was born in Scotland but emigrated in 1848, subsequently becoming a US citizen.


Sources

{{Winston Churchill Winston Churchill Lists of titles by person of the United Kingdom, Churchill, Winston Lists of things named after politicians, Churchill, Winston