Holzgerlingen () is a municipality in the

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

Federal State A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government ( federalism). In a federation, the self-gover ...

Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg (; ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a German state () in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France. With more than 11.07 million inhabitants across a ...

. It is located in district of

Böblingen Böblingen (; Swabian: ''Beblenga'') is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, seat of Böblingen District. Sindelfingen and Böblingen are contiguous. History Böblingen was founded by Count Wilhelm von Tübingen-Böblingen in 1253. Würt ...

Geography

Holzgerlingen, with its population of 12,700,Stadt Holzgerlingen, Zahlen und Fakten
, part of the official web presence, in German lies in a clearing in the Schönbuch, a large forest in the state of Baden-Württemberg. It is south of the city of

. The old city center lies about 475 m (1560 ft)

above mean sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance ( height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as '' orthometric heights''. Th ...

on a watershed. The source of the Aich River is located in the southeast of Holzgerlingen, the Aich is flowing east and feeding the Neckar River at

Nürtingen Nürtingen () is a town on the river Neckar in the district of Esslingen in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. History The following events occurred, by year: *1046: First mention of ''Niuritingin'' in the document of Speyer ...

. The source of the Würm River is located west of the city on administrative area of Altdorf, the Würm is flowing westwards merging with the Nagold River and Enz River in Pforzheim.

Climate

Holzgerlingen, like many cities in southern Germany, and the Schönbuch region particularly, possess a temperate climate with four distinct

season A season is a division of the year based on changes in weather, ecology, and the number of daylight hours in a given region. On Earth, seasons are the result of the axial parallelism of Earth's tilted orbit around the Sun. In temperate and ...

s. Throughout the year, minimal temperatures range from between 3 °F and 39 °F (-16 °C to 4 °C) during the night in January and February, the coldest months of the year, to between 65 °F and 93 °F (18 °C to 34 °C) during July and August afternoons. The wettest month of the year is November, when frequent storm systems blowing in off of both the

North Sea The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian ...

and the

Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...

. During November, 5.00in (127 mm) of precipitation falls, mostly as rain.

Snow Snow comprises individual ice crystals that grow while suspended in the atmosphere—usually within clouds—and then fall, accumulating on the ground where they undergo further changes. It consists of frozen crystalline water throughou ...

does fall in the region, but because daytime temperatures even in Winter are frequently above 32 °F (0 °C), long-lasting snow cover is unusual. The driest month of the year is September, when only 2.95in (75 mm) of precipitation occurs. In a normal year, precipitation totals 49.68in (1262mm).

History

The history of the settlement goes back to

Neolithic The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several pa ...

times, and it is thought that the city was founded by

Celt The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient ...

s sometime in the period between 550 BC and 50 BC. Sometime around 100 AD, the

Romans Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

conquered the area around the city, although they were in turn overthrown by Alemannic tribes in the vicinity of 300 AD. In Germany, because many cities are extremely old and dating is inexact, a city's official history is considered to begin at the first time it is mentioned in writing. Holzgerlingen was first mentioned in the year 1007 in a history written by the Bishop of

Bamberg Bamberg (, , ; East Franconian: ''Bambärch'') is a town in Upper Franconia, Germany, on the river Regnitz close to its confluence with the river Main. The town dates back to the 9th century, when its name was derived from the nearby ' castl ...

during the reign of Henry II of the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. From the accession of Otto I in 962 unt ...

. The city was in the possession of the Palatinate of

Tübingen Tübingen (, , Swabian: ''Dibenga'') is a traditional university city in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated south of the state capital, Stuttgart, and developed on both sides of the Neckar and Ammer rivers. about one in three ...

from approximately 1100 until 1348, when the city was sold to the state of Württemberg. The city was deeply affected by the

German Peasants' War The German Peasants' War, Great Peasants' War or Great Peasants' Revolt (german: Deutscher Bauernkrieg) was a widespread popular revolt in some German-speaking areas in Central Europe from 1524 to 1525. It failed because of intense oppositi ...

, a popular revolt which took place in 1525. The

Protestant Reformation The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and i ...

reached the city in 1534, and the city has remained

Lutheran Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Catholic Church launched ...

ever since. In 1735, during the

War of the Polish Succession The War of the Polish Succession ( pl, Wojna o sukcesję polską; 1733–35) was a major European conflict sparked by a Polish civil war over the succession to Augustus II of Poland, which the other European powers widened in pursuit of thei ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...

n troops were quartered in the city as they marched on

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

. Just eight years later, in 1743, the city was used to quarter troops for Franz Freiherr von der Trenck during the

War of the Austrian Succession The War of the Austrian Succession () was a European conflict that took place between 1740 and 1748. Fought primarily in Central Europe, the Austrian Netherlands, Italy, the Atlantic and Mediterranean, related conflicts included King George ...

. In 1812 fifteen people from Holzgerlingen joined the troops of

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...

for his war against Russia so their families would be guaranteed safety, but never returned. The first post office was constructed in 1865, and in 1907, the city was connected to the

electric Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by ...

power grid. In 1945, during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

troops burned down the city hall. It was rebuilt in 1950. The city obtained home-rule rights from the German government in 1993.

Religion

The

reached the city in 1534. In 1635, since then the town has been influenced by

Protestantism Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

Number of inhabitants

Source: Census results and Statistical office Baden-Württemberg StuttgartStatistisches Landesamt B-W.
/ref>

Politics

Mayors

*1904–1938: Robert Mosthaf *1938–1945: Otto Müller *1945–1948: Guido Eipperlein *1948–1964: Otto Rommel *1964–1983: Siegfried Gölz *1983–1985: Walter Mack *1986–2018: Wilfried Dölker *2018–present: Ioannis Delakos

Sister cities

Holzgerlingen's partner cities include Neuenhof,

Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...

Niesky Niesky ( Sorbian and pl, Niska, cz, Nízké) is a small town in Upper Lusatia in eastern Saxony, Germany. It has a population of about 9,200 (2020) and is part of the district of Görlitz. Historically considered part of Upper Lusatia, it wa ...

, in the German federal state of

Sachsen Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a landlocked state of ...

, Jílové u Prahy,

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...

, and

Crystal Lake, Illinois Crystal Lake is a city in McHenry County in the U.S. state of Illinois. Named after a lake southwest of the city's downtown, Crystal Lake is 45 miles northwest of Chicago. The population is 40,269 as of the 2020 Census, a 1.2% decrease from 201 ...

Crystal Lake South High School Crystal Lake South High School, often referred to as "South" or "CLS," is one of three high schools in Crystal Lake, Illinois, and currently has a body of roughly 1916 students. As Crystal Lake's second oldest school, it was constructed from 1976 ...

participates every other year in a

student exchange program A student exchange program is a program in which students from a secondary school (high school) or university study abroad at one of their institution's partner institutions. A student exchange program may involve international travel, but doe ...

with the local high school in Holzgerlingen.

Economy and Infrastructure

Traffic

In December 1996, the Schönbuchbahn (Schönbuch

train In rail transport, a train (from Old French , from Latin , "to pull, to draw") is a series of connected vehicles that run along a railway track and transport people or freight. Trains are typically pulled or pushed by locomotives (often ...

line), which runs between Böblingen and the town of Dettenhausen, was brought back to Holzgerlingen after a long period of unused railroad tracks. The train line has three stops in the city. The train is also part of the

Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart The ''Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Stuttgart GmbH'' (VVS; en, Stuttgart Transport and Tariff Association LLC) is a transport association that coordinates the local public transport in Stuttgart, the capital of Baden-Württemberg, as well as in th ...

and is connected to the Stuttgart S-Bahn line S1 at Böblingen. The largest

highway A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land. It is used for major roads, but also includes other public roads and public tracks. In some areas of the United States, it is used as an equivalent term to controlled-access ...

in Holzgerlingen is

Bundesstraße ''Bundesstraße'' (German for "federal highway"), abbreviated ''B'', is the denotation for German and Austrian national highways. Germany Germany's ''Bundesstraßen'' network has a total length of about 40,000 km. German ''Bundesstraßen'' ...

(

Federal Highway Federal Highways and Federal Routes can be found in: *Australia: Federal Highway *Brazil: Brazilian Federal Highway and Brazilian Highway System *Germany: ''Bundesstraßen'' *Malaysia: Federal Highway and Malaysian Federal Roads System *Mexic ...

) B464, which connects Böblingen and

Reutlingen Reutlingen (; Swabian: ''Reitlenga'') is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is the capital of the eponymous district of Reutlingen. As of June 2018, it has a population of 115,818. Reutlingen has a university of applied sciences, which ...

Civic Institutions

Holzgerlingen has a 700-seat civic and conference center, which also provides services such as an

internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, p ...

café and a nursing home.

Education

Holzgerligen presides over its own modern school system, with elementary through high school provided all within the same city, including seven

Kindergarten Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th cen ...

s and a boarding school for the mentally and physically challenged. Also, the city library offers free internet access to residents.

Sports

In the city of Holzgerlingen, there is a stadium complex with both natural and artificial soccer and American football fields, four sport halls, and a spacious public swimming complex with multiple pools. Holzgerlingen is the home of the Holzgerlingen Twister, an American football team. The Holzgerlingen Twister met with considerable success in 2008 and 2009, and, having moved up two divisions in two years, began playing in the

German Football League The German Football League (GFL) is an American football league in Germany and was formed in 1979. Playing rules are based on those of the American NCAA. In 1999, the league switched its name from ''American-Football-Bundesliga'' to ''German Foot ...

in the 2010 season. The Twister tied for second place in the GFL 2 Süd in 2011.

Culture and sightseeing

Museums

A museum of local history is located in Holzgerlingen.

Architecture

* The Mauritius Church, which possesses a tower dating from the eleventh century, is currently a legally protected historical landmark. * Burg Kalteneck ("Castle Kalteneck") is a moated castle first mentioned 1002. Today's castle is built on a foundation dating back in the 14th Century. It can be rented for private or public events.

Youth

The city possesses a youth center which hosts youth-oriented events, such as midnight sports.

Sons and daughters of the city

* Gottlob Binder (1885–1961), politician (SPD), President of the State Labor Office of Hesse, State Minister for Reconstruction * Hans Ulrich Eberle (1927–1988), librarian, director of the City Library of Heilbronn * Ina Großmann (born 1990), handball player

References

External links

*
Sister City Committee Holzgerlingen
{{Authority control Böblingen (district) Württemberg