Holešov
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Holešov (; german: Holleschau, he, העלשויא) is a town in
Kroměříž District Kroměříž District ( cs, okres Kroměříž) is a district ('' okres'') within the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the town of Kroměříž. List of municipalities Bařice-Velké Těšany - Bezměrov - Blazice - Bořenovi ...
in the
Zlín Region Zlín Region ( cs, Zlínský kraj; , ) is an administrative unit ( cs, kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the south-eastern part of the historical region of Moravia. It is named after its capital Zlín. Together with the Olomouc Region it fo ...
of the
Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...
. It has about 11,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre with the castle complex is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.


Administrative parts

Town parts and villages of Dobrotice, Količín, Tučapy, Všetuly and Žopy are administrative parts of Holešov.


Geography

Holešov is located about east of
Kroměříž Kroměříž (; german: Kremsier) is a town in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 28,000 inhabitants. It is known for the Kroměříž Castle with castle gardens, which are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The town centre with the c ...
and north of
Zlín Zlín (in 1949–1989 Gottwaldov; ; german: Zlin) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 73,000 inhabitants. It is the seat of the Zlín Region and it lies on the Dřevnice river. It is known as an industrial centre. The development of the ...
. The Rusava stream flows through the town. The western and southern parts of the municipal territory with the town proper lie in a flat landscape of the
Upper Morava Valley Upper may refer to: * Shoe upper or ''vamp'', the part of a shoe on the top of the foot * Stimulant, drugs which induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical function or both * ''Upper'', the original film title for the 2013 found fo ...
. The northern part with the villages Dobrotice and Tučapy lies in the
Moravian-Silesian Foothills Moravian-Silesian Foothills ( cz, Podbeskydská pahorkatina, pl, Pogórze Morawsko-Śląskie) are foothills and a geomorphological mesoregion of the Czech Republic. Geomorphology The region represents the westernmost section of the Western Bes ...
. A small eastern part of the territory extends into the
Hostýn-Vsetín Mountains Hostýn-Vsetín Mountains ( cs, Hostýnsko-vsetínská hornatina) is a mountain range in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. The mountains are densely forested mainly by secondary spruce plantations. Most visited are the bordering Rožnovsk ...
and includes the highest point of Holešov, the hill Lysina with an elevation of .


Climate


History

The first written mention of Holešov is from 1141 in a deed of
Jindřich Zdík Jindřich Zdík (also anglicized as ''Henry Zdík'') (c. 1083 – 1150 in Prague) was bishop of Olomouc from 1126 to 1150. Biography Zdík went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1137/1138. While he was there, Rorgo Fretellus of Nazareth dedic ...
, when the settlement was a
fief A fief (; la, feudum) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an Lord, overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a for ...
of
bishops of Olomouc A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of Episcopal polity, authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or offic ...
. Between 1300 and 1322, the market village transformed into a town. In the second half of the 14th century, Holešov was acquired by the lords of Sternberg. In the late 16th century, the town was held by Karel Sr. of
Zierotin The House of Žerotín or House of Zierotin was a Czech noble family in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown, one of the oldest and most illustrious noble families from Bohemia and Moravia. The family was first mentioned around the year 1200 as ''B ...
and later by Ladislav IV Popel of
Lobkowicz The House of Lobkowicz (''Lobkovicové'' in modern Czech, sg. ''z Lobkovic''; ''Lobkowitz'' in German) is a Czech noble family that dates back to the 14th century and is one of the oldest Bohemian noble families. The family also belong to the G ...
. In 1574, the local Gothic fortress was rebuilt into a Renaissance residence. Holešov suffered during the
Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (80 ...
and in 1643, the castle and two thirds of the town were burned down. From 1650 to 1762, Holešov was owned by the Rottal family. During their rule, the town was reconstructed, and a large castle with a Baroque French-style garden and the Church of Assumption of the Virgin Mary were built. The last owners of Holešov was the Vrbna family. After 1848, Holešov became the administrative centre of the Holešov
District A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
and the economic centre of the region. The town began to industrialize and the main industries were the woodworking, furniture, knitting and food industries. In 1960, the district of Holešov was dissolved.


Jewish presence

The first mention of Jewish presence in the town is from 1391. The Jewish community began to form here after 1454, when the Jews were expelled from royal towns. From 1849 until 1918, the Jewish community had its own administration separated from the town. In these times, the community participated on the town's industrialization and included successful entrepreneurs. The Jews almost disappeared from Holešov in the World War II as the result of the
Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; a ...
. The Old Synagogue was built after the local wooden synagogue was destroyed by a fire in 1560. The New Synagogue was built in 1893 and destroyed by the Nazis in 1941.


Demographics


Economy

The public
airport An airport is an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport. Airports usually consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface ...
of regional importance in the southern part of Holešov was transformed into the Strategic Industrial Zone, one of the largest industrial zones in the country.


Sights

Holešov is known for its large castle with the French-style garden complex and a game park. The early Baroque castle was built in 1655–1674. Today the castle is open to the public and houses also the town museum and gallery. The landmark of the town square is the parish Church of Assumption of the Virgin Mary. The Baroque church was built in 1708 and consecrated in 1735. In 1748, the Black Chapel was added to the church. Under the chapel is the crypt of the Rottal and Vrbna noble families.
Trinitarian The Christian doctrine of the Trinity (, from 'threefold') is the central dogma concerning the nature of God in most Christian churches, which defines one God existing in three coequal, coeternal, consubstantial divine persons: God the Fa ...
monastery is a valuable Baroque complex of buildings from 1748–1750. Its Church of Saint Anne was originally a part of the pre-castle complex. The Old Synagogue is the second oldest synagogue in
Moravia Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The me ...
. It is an uncommon synagogue of the Polish type built in the Renaissance style which includes ornate ironwork and paintings on ceilings and walls using floral and animal motifs. The Old Synagogue, also known as the "Shakh" or "Šach" Synagogue, was preserved because it looked like an ordinary building from outside. Today it containts an exhibition about the life of Jews in Moravia. The Jewish cemetery contains about 3,000 graves. The oldest preserved tombstones are from 1647.


Notable people

* Jan of Holešov (1366–1436), writer, linguist, musicologist and ethnographer *
Franz Xaver Richter Franz (Czech: František) Xaver Richter, known as ''François Xavier Richter'' in France (December 1, 1709 – September 12, 1789) was an Austro-Moravian singer, violinist, composer, conductor and music theoretician who spent most of his life fir ...
(1709–1789), Austro-Moravian singer, violinist and composer * Josef Drásal (1841–1886), the tallest Czech ever; lived and died here * Mavro Frankfurter (1875–1942), Croatian rabbi * Oldřich Vyhlídal (1921–1989), poet and translator


Twin towns – sister cities

Holešov is twinned with: *
Desinić Desinić is a village and municipality in the Krapina-Zagorje County in Croatia. At the 2011 census, there was a total population of 2,951. Notable people * Veronika of Desenice, the second wife of Frederick II, Count of Celje Frederick I ...
, Croatia *
Považská Bystrica Považská Bystrica (; german: Waagbistritz; hu, Vágbeszterce) is a town in northwestern Slovakia. It is located on the Váh river, around 30 km from the city of Žilina. It belongs to Upper Váh region of tourism. Profile Považská B ...
, Slovakia *
Pszczyna Pszczyna (german: Pleß, cs, Pština) is a town in southern Poland with 25,823 inhabitants (2019), and a seat of a local gmina (commune). It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship, and was a part of the Katowice Voivodeship from 1975 until adm ...
, Poland *
Skawina Skawina is a town in southern Poland with 27,328 inhabitants (2008). Situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Kraków Voivodeship (1975–1998), Kraków Voivodeship (1975–1998). The town is located on the Skawinka r ...
, Poland *
Topoľčianky Topoľčianky ( hu, Kistapolcsány) is a village and municipality in Zlaté Moravce District of the Nitra Region, in western-central Slovakia. History In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1293. Tourism Topoľčianky is uniqu ...
, Slovakia *
Turčianske Teplice Turčianske Teplice (german: Bad Stuben; hu, Stubnyafürdő) is a town in central Slovakia in the Žilina Region. It is about halfway between Martin and Kremnica. The town's population is around 6,500. The town was the historic center of the Upp ...
, Slovakia Holešov also cooperates with
Gloggnitz Gloggnitz is a mountain town in the Neunkirchen district of Lower Austria, Austria. Gloggnitz is situated in the south-western part of the Vienna Basin in Lower Austria. It is surrounded by the highest mountains in Lower Austria, Mount Rax (20 ...
in Austria.


References


External links

*
Official information portal
{{DEFAULTSORT:Holesov Cities and towns in the Czech Republic Populated places in Kroměříž District Shtetls