American Community Survey The American Community Survey (ACS) is a demographics survey program conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. It regularly gathers information previously contained only in the long form of the decennial census, such as ancestry, citizenship, educati ...

Greater Houston Greater Houston, designated by the Office of Management and Budget, United States Office of Management and Budget as Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land, is the List of metropolitan statistical areas, fifth-most populous metropolitan statistical ...

1880 United States Census The United States census of 1880 conducted by the Census Bureau during June 1880 was the tenth United States census. A report stated that circa 1901 Houston had 43 ethnic Chinese. The

Chinese Exclusion Act The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years. The law excluded merchants, teachers, students, travelers, and diplo ...

was passed in 1902, and this convinced some ethnic Chinese to abandon Houston, as the same report stated that the population was down to 27 that year. Nester Rodriguez, author of "Hispanic and Asian Immigration Waves in Houston," concluded that most of the original men from 1870 left Houston. The first Chinese business district opened in the early 1900s. The city government had a "Chinese inspector" to look for traces of illegal activities related to vices, and Knapp and Vojnovic wrote that Houstonians at the time felt threatened by the ethnic Chinese presence.Knapp and Vojnovic, p. 345 (PDF p. 2/27). During the

Great Depression The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...

, some Chinese moved from rural

Mississippi Mississippi () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Miss ...

to Houston. They had operated small stores in Mississippi but they decided to move because many of their previous clientele, African-Americans, left the state during the Great Migration.Brady, p
20
In the late 1930s there were fewer than 50 Chinese in Houston. At that time, most families of Chinese ethnicity operated restaurants and small groceries. They usually lived in residences behind their business or residences on the upper floors of the buildings housing their businesses. Due to racial discrimination they were unable to join labor unions or obtain high-quality jobs. The number of Chinese in Houston increased to 121 by the start of

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

. During the war, many Chinese from southern states migrated to take advantage of the economy and the population increased by more than twice its size. In addition, the Chinese Exclusion Act was revoked in 1943, and the

Chinese Communist Revolution The Chinese Communist Revolution, officially known as the Chinese People's War of Liberation in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and also known as the National Protection War against the Communist Rebellion in the Republic of China (RO ...

replaced the government in the Mainland in 1949, causing additional persons to leave China.Knapp and Vojnovic, p. 349 (PDF p. 6/27). The revolution and repeal prompted additional assimilation among those in Houston.Chew, Jessica, p. 23. However, there were still under 1,000 persons of Chinese origin in 1950 in the area,Cook, Allison. "The Grand Tour." ''

Texas Monthly ''Texas Monthly'' (stylized as ''TexasMonthly'') is a monthly American magazine headquartered in Downtown Austin, Texas. ''Texas Monthly'' was founded in 1973 by Michael R. Levy and has been published by Emmis Publishing, L.P. since 1998 and is ...

''.

Emmis Communications Emmis Communications is an American media conglomerate based in Indianapolis, Indiana. Emmis, based on the Hebrew word for Truth (Emet) was founded by Jeff Smulyan in 1980. Emmis has owned many radio stations, including KPWR and WQHT, which h ...

, January 1983. Vol. 11, No. 1. ISSN 0148-7736. START: p
98
CITED: p
111
with about 500 in the city. As ethnic Chinese could not gain entrance into

professional schools Professional development is learning to earn or maintain professional credentials such as academic degrees to formal coursework, attending conferences, and informal learning opportunities situated in practice. It has been described as intensive ...

at the time, the majority worked in businesses such as groceries and restaurants.Chen, Edward C. M., ''An American Chinese in Houston'', p. 8. In the early 1950s the Chinese Merchants' Association moved into an area in the southeastern edge of

Downtown Houston Downtown is the largest central business district in the city of Houston and the largest in the state of Texas, located near the geographic center of the metropolitan area at the confluence of Interstate 10, Interstate 45, and Interstate 69. The ...

in what is today

East Downtown East Downtown Houston (EaDo) is a district in Houston, Texas, United States. The East Downtown Management District (EDMD), manages the area with offices headquartered at START Houston, a co-working space 1121 Delano Street. The community is locat ...

, and this Chinatown grew during the 1970s. This area is currently referred to as the "Old Chinatown", and still contains some notable landmarks including the original Kim Sơn restaurant. Many Chinese businesses have since moved out, and the area is currently undergoing re-development. In 1960 there were about 325 people in the city of Houston of Chinese origins. In the 1960s there were about 2,500 ethnic Chinese in the Houston area.Chen and Harwell, p. 5. In the decade of the 1970s the first schools teaching the Chinese language appeared. By 1983 there were about 30,000 people of Chinese origin in the Houston area. The first businesses of the new

Houston Chinatown Chinatown ( or ) is a community in Southwest Houston, Texas, United States. There is another Chinatown called "Old Chinatown" located within the East Downtown Houston district near the George R. Brown Convention Center. History The first bu ...

, located near Bellaire and Beltway 8, opened that year.Gray, Lisa.
Branding Chinatown: Neighborhood transforms
" ''

Houston Chronicle The ''Houston Chronicle'' is the largest daily newspaper in Houston, Texas, United States. , it is the third-largest newspaper by Sunday circulation in the United States, behind only ''The New York Times'' and the ''Los Angeles Times''. With i ...

''. January 8, 2008. Retrieved on August 11, 2011. The new Chinatown began to expand in the 1990s when local Asian-American entrepreneurs moved their businesses from older neighborhoods, especially the "Old Chinatown" in a search for more inexpensive properties.Moreno, Jenalia.
Chinatown no longer
" ''

Houston Chronicle The ''Houston Chronicle'' is the largest daily newspaper in Houston, Texas, United States. , it is the third-largest newspaper by Sunday circulation in the United States, behind only ''The New York Times'' and the ''Los Angeles Times''. With i ...

''. October 17, 2009. Retrieved on October 19, 2009. Knapp and Vojnovic stated that by in the 1980s Houstonians, along with local media outlets and the government agencies, "touted" them "as a cultural and economic asset." In 2000 the estimate of the Chinese-American population in Houston was 24,000. Moises Mendoza of the ''

Houston Chronicle The ''Houston Chronicle'' is the largest daily newspaper in Houston, Texas, United States. , it is the third-largest newspaper by Sunday circulation in the United States, behind only ''The New York Times'' and the ''Los Angeles Times''. With i ...

'' said in 2010 that "the population is thought to have grown by tens of thousands" since the 2000 estimate.Mendoza, Moises.
With a roar, Houstonians ring in Chinese New Year
" ''

Houston Chronicle The ''Houston Chronicle'' is the largest daily newspaper in Houston, Texas, United States. , it is the third-largest newspaper by Sunday circulation in the United States, behind only ''The New York Times'' and the ''Los Angeles Times''. With i ...

''. February 14, 2010. Retrieved on April 22, 2013. In 2001 Gordon Quan, a member of the Houston City Council, urged Asian Americans and Chinese Americans to become more involved in politics.

Geography

The first Chinatown in Houston was in the northern part of

Downtown Houston Downtown is the largest central business district in the city of Houston and the largest in the state of Texas, located near the geographic center of the metropolitan area at the confluence of Interstate 10, Interstate 45, and Interstate 69. The ...

. This shifted to what is the Old Chinatown by the 1970s as skyscrapers had replaced many of the buildings in northern Downtown.Knapp and Vojnovic, p. 350 (7/27). The New Chinatown began development in the 1980s.Knapp and Vojnovic, p. 354 (11/27).

Demographics

According to the 2010 Census there were 43,940 persons of Chinese/Taiwanese descent in Harris County, making up 15.7% of all Asians in the county.Klineberg and Wu, p. 12. This figure includes those with origins from

Mainland China "Mainland China" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory governed by the China, People's Republic of China (including islands like Hainan or Chongming Island, Chongming), excluding dependent territories of the PRC, and other territorie ...

,

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the no ...

, and

Hong Kong Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a List of cities in China, city and Special administrative regions of China, special ...

.Klineberg and Wu, p. 37. In 2010 the ethnic Chinese were the second largest Asian ethnic group in

Fort Bend County Fort Bend County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. The county was founded in 1837 and organized the next year. It is named for a blockhouse at a bend of the Brazos River. The community developed around the fort in early days. Th ...

, making up 21% of that county's Asians. As of the same year the ethnic Chinese were the second largest Asian ethnic group in Montgomery County. Prior to the 1950s most Chinese in Houston were

Cantonese people The Cantonese people () or Yue people (), are a Yue-speaking Han Chinese subgroup originating from or residing in the provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi (collectively known as Liangguang), in Southern Mainland China. Although more accurat ...

and often were not formally educated. In 1980 the ethnic Chinese were Harris County's largest Asian population. In 1990 there were 25,019 persons of Chinese/Taiwanese descent, making up 22.8% of the Asians in the county. By then the origins of ethnic Chinese, in addition to those from other parts of the U.S., were from Mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong. By 1990 the Chinese were Harris County's second largest Asian community after the Vietnamese. In 2000 there were 34,673 persons of Chinese/Taiwanese descent, making up 18% of the Asians in the county. If the Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi populations of Harris County are combined into a single group, then in 2000 the Chinese were the third largest Asian ethnic group, slightly behind the second-largest Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi group. From 2000 to 2010 the ethnic Chinese population in Harris County grew by 27%.

Transportation

In 2013

Air China Air China Limited () is the flag carrier of the People's Republic of China and one of the "Big Three" mainland Chinese airlines (alongside China Southern Airlines and China Eastern Airlines). Air China's headquarters are in Shunyi District ...

announced that it would begin nonstop service from

Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), Chinese postal romanization, alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the Capital city, capital of the China, People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's Li ...

to Houston. Xu Erwen (), the consul general of the

Consulate-General of China in Houston The Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Houston was a diplomatic mission of China, headquartered at 3417 Montrose Boulevard in the Montrose neighborhood of Houston, Texas. It served eight states in the Southern United States ...

, said that the new flight "means a lot" to Houston's Chinese population. In 2015

EVA Air EVA Airways Corporation (pronounced as three letters: ; ) (), of which "EVA" stands for Evergreen Airways, is a Taiwanese international airline based at Taoyuan International Airport near Taipei, Taiwan, operating passenger and dedicated ca ...

began services to

Taipei Taipei (), officially Taipei City, is the capital and a special municipality of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Located in Northern Taiwan, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City that sits about southwest of the ...

from Houston.

Mayor of Houston The following is a list of people who have served as mayor of the city of Houston in the U.S. state of Texas. Until 2015, the term of the mayor was two years. Beginning with the tenure of Bob Lanier, the city charter imposed term limits on offi ...

Annise Parker Annise Danette Parker (born May 17, 1956) is an American politician who served as the 61st Mayor of Houston, Texas, from 2010 until 2016. She also served as an at-large member of the Houston City Council from 1998 to 2003 and city controller fro ...

stated that the growing Asian population of Houston made this flight an important one. In 2004

China Airlines China Airlines (CAL; ) is the state-owned flag carrier of the Republic of China (Taiwan), and one of its two major airlines along with EVA Air. It is headquartered in Taoyuan International Airport and operates over 1,400 flights weekly (in ...

started a flight from Houston to

Taipei Taipei (), officially Taipei City, is the capital and a special municipality of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Located in Northern Taiwan, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City that sits about southwest of the ...

stopping in

Seattle Seattle ( ) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. It is the seat of King County, Washington. With a 2020 population of 737,015, it is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region o ...

, making it the first Asian carrier to fly to Houston.Hensel, Bill Jr.
2 foreign airlines curtailing Houston passenger service
" ''

Houston Chronicle The ''Houston Chronicle'' is the largest daily newspaper in Houston, Texas, United States. , it is the third-largest newspaper by Sunday circulation in the United States, behind only ''The New York Times'' and the ''Los Angeles Times''. With i ...

''. January 12, 2008. Retrieved on December 11, 2013. The airline stated that many Taiwanese companies had offices in Houston. In 2008, China Airlines announced that it was discontinuing service to

Houston Houston (; ) is the most populous city in Texas, the most populous city in the Southern United States, the fourth-most populous city in the United States, and the sixth-most populous city in North America, with a population of 2,304,580 ...

. When the China Airlines service was in operation the airline had a private bus service to

Sugar Land Sugar Land is the largest city in Fort Bend County, Texas, United States, located in the southwestern part of the metropolitan area. Located about southwest of downtown Houston, Sugar Land is a populous suburban municipality centered around ...

and Southwest Houston Chinatown.

Media

Southern News Group, a publishing business owned by a Chinese-American, has its headquarters in Houston.Snyder, Mike.
Survey provides insight into Chinese community
" ''

Houston Chronicle The ''Houston Chronicle'' is the largest daily newspaper in Houston, Texas, United States. , it is the third-largest newspaper by Sunday circulation in the United States, behind only ''The New York Times'' and the ''Los Angeles Times''. With i ...

''. October 2, 2002. Retrieved on April 22, 2013. The ''Southwest Chinese Journal'' once served ethnic Chinese Houstonians. By 2020

WeChat WeChat () is a Chinese instant messaging, social media, and mobile payment app developed by Tencent. First released in 2011, it became the world's largest standalone mobile app in 2018, with over 1 billion monthly active users. WeChat has b ...

was commonly in use among recent Mainland immigrants.

Economy

Circa the 1870s the first Chinese laundry was established. Circa 1930 the first ethnic Chinese grocery business was Quong Yick, operated by C. Y. Chu. When Chinese laundries were no longer widely patronized, ethnic Chinese began operating restaurants; at the time not many non-Chinese in the area were interested in eating Chinese-style food, so initially restaurants served American food instead. There was a bill in the

Texas Senate The Texas Senate ( es, Senado de Texas) is the upper house of the Texas State Legislature. There are 31 members of the Senate, representing single-member districts across the U.S. state of Texas, with populations of approximately 806,000 per co ...

to have property of deceased Asian Americans in urban areas be returned to the state instead of giving to heirs, and non-Asian owners of grocery businesses wished to remove competition and therefore sponsored the bill. However the bill was removed while in committee after two Asian Americans testified against the bill: they were

Houston Houston (; ) is the most populous city in Texas, the most populous city in the Southern United States, the fourth-most populous city in the United States, and the sixth-most populous city in North America, with a population of 2,304,580 ...

resident Edward King Tung (E. K. T.) Chen and

San Antonio ("Cradle of Freedom") , image_map = , mapsize = 220px , map_caption = Interactive map of San Antonio , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = United States , subdivision_type1= State , subdivision_name1 = Texas , subdivision_ ...

resident Rose Wu.

Institutions

The

Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Houston Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Houston (TECO-Houston, ) represents the interests of Taiwan in the southern United States, functioning as a de facto consulate. The mission is located on the 20th Floor of 11 Greenway Plaza. It also ov ...

of

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the no ...

(Republic of China) is located in

Greenway Plaza Greenway Plaza is a business district located along Interstate 69 (U.S. Highway 59) within the Interstate 610 loop in southwestern Houston, Texas, west of Downtown and east of Uptown. The district is located immediately west of Upper Kirby ...

. The Taiwanese mission also has the Chinese Cultural Center in the Westchase district. In the era before the Repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act, the area Chinese consulate advocated for the rights of ethnic Chinese in the city as ethnic Chinese at the time had limited rights. The

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...

operated the Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in Houston in Montrose, from 1979 until 2020. The Chinese Community Center (CCC, , "Houston Chinese Culture Service Center"), an IRS

501(c)(3) A 501(c)(3) organization is a United States corporation, trust, unincorporated association or other type of organization exempt from federal income tax under section 501(c)(3) of Title 26 of the United States Code. It is one of the 29 types of ...

organization and a

United Way United Way is an international network of over 1,800 local nonprofit fundraising affiliates. United Way was the largest nonprofit organization in the United States by donations from the public, prior to 2016. United Way organizations raise funds ...

affiliate, is located in the Bellaire Chinatown. The facility opened in 1979 as the Chinese Language School. The CCC has several levels of English classes offered daily. As of 2006, at CCC about 80% of the students have university degrees, and the other 20% are the companions of the students with university degrees. In the early years of the Chinese community, the Chinese Association of Houston and the

On Leong Chinese Merchants Association The On Leong Chinese Merchants Association () or simply Chinese Merchants Association, formerly known as the On Leong Tong (), is a tong society operating out of its territory in Mott Street in New York's Chinatown. Established in November 1893 ...

, the latter having its meeting room in east Houston, were present. The first umbrella organization for ethnic Chinese was Wah Kew of Houston. E. K. T. Chen was elected president in the 1940s.Chen, Edward M., "An American Chinese in Houston," p. 10. The Houston Lodge of the

Chinese American Citizens Alliance Chinese American Citizens Alliance (C.A.C.A.) is a Chinese American fraternal, benevolent non-profit organization founded in 1895 in San Francisco, California to secure equal rights for Americans of Chinese ancestry and to better the welfare of th ...

(CACA) was established in 1954. Edward C. M. Chen, the son of E. K. T. Chen, wrote in "An American Chinese in Houston" that this chapter in the 1960s "came into national prominence".Chen, Edward M., "An American Chinese in Houston," p. 9. Edward C. Chen later was elected as the head of this chapter and was the youngest person elected as such. The Houston Asian American Archive, founded in 2010 b
Dr Anne S. Chao
is a research archive as part of the outreach arm of Chao Center for Asian Studies,

Rice University William Marsh Rice University (Rice University) is a Private university, private research university in Houston, Houston, Texas. It is on a 300-acre campus near the Houston Museum District and adjacent to the Texas Medical Center. Rice is ranke ...

, is housed at the

Woodson Research Center Woodson Research Center is an archive located in Fondren Library at Rice University in Houston, Texas. The Center is named for Benjamin N. Woodson and houses the special collections of Rice University's Fondren Library which includes manuscript c ...

,

Fondren Library Fondren Library is the main library of Rice University in Houston, Texas. The library is named for Walter W. Fondren, a co-founder of the Humble Oil & Refining Company, whose family donated $1 million in 1946 for construction of the library. Th ...

. The archive has documented oral history interviews of a significant number of Chinese Americans in Houston, in English, Mandarin or Cantonese.

Language

Historically the Mandarin-speaking and Cantonese-speaking groups were distinct, with the latter readily adopting American culture. Jessica Chew, author of "Vietnamese and Chinese American Cultures: Destination Houston," stated that the former "represent a more elitist culture".

Cuisine

There has been Viet Hoa (ethnic Chinese) influence on Vietnamese cuisine served in Houston. Suzanne Chew, mother of Jessica Chew, stated that the situation is a "Chinese mix". The barbecue at

Blood Bros. BBQ Blood Bros. BBQ is a barbecue restaurant in Bellaire, Texas in Greater Houston. Background Robin and Terry Wong and Quy Hoang, the first two Chinese American brothers and the second a Vietnamese American, attended Alief Elsik High School, becomin ...

in Bellaire has Asian-American influences, with the co-owners being of Chinese ancestry.

Politics

In the era before the Repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act, the area Chinese lacked political clout, relying on the Chinese consulate to advocate on their behalf. In 1995 ethnic Chinese in the Houston area had a preference for the

Republican Party Republican Party is a name used by many political parties around the world, though the term most commonly refers to the United States' Republican Party. Republican Party may also refer to: Africa * Republican Party (Liberia) *Republican Party ...

. By 2013, due concerns about discrimination against Asians and immigration policies and the lessening importance of anti-Communism, the political preferences of ethnic Chinese shifted towards Democrats and independents.Klineberg and Wu, p. 39. Beverley Clark, of mixed Chinese and African-American origins, was elected to the Houston City Council in 1989, being the first city council member of Asian origins.

Martha Wong Dr. Martha Jee Wong, born Martha Jee,(1939–)de jure In law and government, ''de jure'' ( ; , "by law") describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. In contrast, ("in fact") describes situations that exist in reality, even if not legall ...

racial segregation in the United States In the United States, racial segregation is the systematic separation of facilities and services such as housing, healthcare, education, employment, and transportation on racial grounds. The term is mainly used in reference to the legally ...

ethnic Chinese in the Houston area were classified as white and therefore could get superior educational opportunities to the undergraduate level. However professional schools such as law, medical, and dental schools in the area rejected applications from ethnic Chinese, restricting their choices of careers. CACA successfully lobbied for the professional schools to accept ethnic Chinese. E. K. T. Chen, the first university professor in the city of Chinese ancestry, was also the first graduate from the

University of Houston The University of Houston (UH) is a Public university, public research university in Houston, Texas. Founded in 1927, UH is a member of the University of Houston System and the List of universities in Texas by enrollment, university in Texas ...

of Chinese ancestry. He received his degree in the 1930s.

Religion

The Texas Teo Chew Temple (; vi, Chùa Ông Bổn) is operated by the

Teochew people The Teochew people or Chaoshan people (rendered Têo-Swa in romanized Teoswa and Chaoshan in Standard Chinese also known as Teo-Swa in mainland China due to a change in place names) is anyone native to the historical Chaoshan region in south ...

, including those who originated from Vietnam.

Fo Guang Shan Fo Guang Shan (FGS) () is an international Chinese Mahāyāna Buddhist organization and monastic order based in Taiwan that practices Humanistic Buddhism. The headquarters, Fo Guang Shan Monastery is located in Dashu District, Kaohsiung, and ...

Chung Mei Temple () is a Buddhist Temple located in

Stafford, Texas Stafford is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, in the metropolitan area. The city is mostly in Fort Bend County, with a small part in Harris County. As of the 2020 census, Stafford's population was 17,666, down from 17,693 at the 2010 census. H ...

. A

Taoist Taoism (, ) or Daoism () refers to either a school of philosophical thought (道家; ''daojia'') or to a religion (道教; ''daojiao''), both of which share ideas and concepts of Chinese origin and emphasize living in harmony with the '' Tao ...

temple, Texas Guandi Temple () is located in

East Downtown East Downtown Houston (EaDo) is a district in Houston, Texas, United States. The East Downtown Management District (EDMD), manages the area with offices headquartered at START Houston, a co-working space 1121 Delano Street. The community is locat ...

. The temple was established in 1999 by a Vietnamese couple,Davis, Rod.
Houston's really good idea Bus tour celebrates communities that forged a city.
''

San Antonio Express-News The ''San Antonio Express-News'' is a daily newspaper in San Antonio, Texas. It is owned by the Hearst Corporation and has offices in San Antonio and Austin, Texas. The ''Express-News'' is the third largest newspaper in the state of Texas, with ...

''. August 3, 2003. Retrieved on February 11, 2012. Charles Loi Ngo and Carolyn,Martin, Betty L.
Neighborhood's Alive tour hits city's multicultural hot spots
" ''

Houston Chronicle The ''Houston Chronicle'' is the largest daily newspaper in Houston, Texas, United States. , it is the third-largest newspaper by Sunday circulation in the United States, behind only ''The New York Times'' and the ''Los Angeles Times''. With i ...

''. Thursday July 17, 2003. ThisWeek 1. Retrieved on September 9, 2012. This is available from the

Houston Public Library Houston Public Library is the public library system serving Houston, Texas, United States. History Houston Lyceum and the Carnegie Library The Houston Public Library system traces its founding to the creation of the second Houston Lyceum in ...

website, accessible with a library card and PIN. the former originating from China.Tomkins-Walsh, p. 36. They decided to build a temple to

Guan Yu Guan Yu (; ), courtesy name Yunchang, was a Chinese military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Along with Zhang Fei, he shared a brotherly relationship with Liu Bei and accompanied him on ...

(Guandi) after surviving an aggravated robbery which occurred at their store in the Fifth Ward. They believed that Guandi saved their lives during the incident. A Vietnamese refugee named Charles Lee coordinated the donations and funding so the temple could be built; Lee stated his motivation was to thank the United States for welcoming him and saving his life when he arrived in 1978. The construction materials and architectural design originated from China. A representation of Buddha and a golden

Lord Brahma Brahma ( sa, ब्रह्मा, Brahmā) is a Hindu god, referred to as "the Creator" within the Trimurti, the trinity of supreme divinity that includes Vishnu, and Shiva.Jan Gonda (1969)The Hindu Trinity Anthropos, Bd 63/64, H 1/2, pp. 21 ...

originated from Thailand. The temple is open to followers of all religions, and it has perfumed halls. Ming Shui Huang was appointed volunteer manager in 2000. In 1999 the Houston area had 350 Chinese Catholic families.Vara, Richard. "Area Asian Catholics to come together in celebration." ''

Houston Chronicle The ''Houston Chronicle'' is the largest daily newspaper in Houston, Texas, United States. , it is the third-largest newspaper by Sunday circulation in the United States, behind only ''The New York Times'' and the ''Los Angeles Times''. With i ...

''. August 21, 1999. Religion p. 1.

NewsBank NewsBank is a news database resource that provides archives of media publications as reference materials to libraries. History John Naisbitt, the author of the book ''Megatrends'', founded NewsBank.Andrews 1998, p. 17. The company was launched ...

Record: 3159522. Available from the ''

Houston Chronicle The ''Houston Chronicle'' is the largest daily newspaper in Houston, Texas, United States. , it is the third-largest newspaper by Sunday circulation in the United States, behind only ''The New York Times'' and the ''Los Angeles Times''. With i ...

'
website's newspaper databases
accessible with a library card and PIN. Ascension Chinese Mission () originated from a Chinese worship service that was established in the 1970s. The parish was created in 1988, initially operating out of a commercial center in the southwest Houston Chinatown area. It relocated to its current site in Spring 1991.

Recreation

The

Lunar New Year Lunar New Year is the beginning of a calendar year whose months are Lunar phase, moon cycles, based on the lunar calendar or lunisolar calendar. The Lunar New Year as a celebration is observed by numerous cultures. It is also named "Chinese New ...

(

Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is the festival that celebrates the beginning of a new year on the traditional lunisolar and solar Chinese calendar. In Chinese and other East Asian cultures, the festival is commonly referred to as the Spring Festival () a ...

) is celebrated in Houston, and Miss Chinatown is held at that time. Other recreational events occur during the holiday.Chew, Jessica, p. 24. The Dragoneers youth social club for Chinese Americans met at Chinese Baptist Church.

Literature

Edward M. Chen compiled oral histories and wrote a chapter about the history of the ethnic Chinese published in the 1984 book '' The Ethnic Groups in Houston'', edited by Fred von der Mehden. Edward Chen, in 1980, had organized an exhibit at UH about the Chinese community, titled "Centennial of the History of Chinese in Houston since 1880."

Notable individuals

* Gordon Quan ( Houston City Council member) *

Martha Wong Dr. Martha Jee Wong, born Martha Jee,(1939–)Houston Heights Houston Heights (often referred to simply as "The Heights") is a community in northwest-central Houston, Texas, United States. "The Heights" is often referred to colloquially to describe a larger collection of neighborhoods next to and includin ...

Wong, Martha Wong transcript, 2 of 2

PDF file
.

University of Houston The University of Houston (UH) is a Public university, public research university in Houston, Texas. Founded in 1927, UH is a member of the University of Houston System and the List of universities in Texas by enrollment, university in Texas ...

. p. 1-3. Retrieved on August 18, 2015. *

KevJumba Kevin Wu (born June 12, 1990) is an American former YouTuber best known under the username KevJumba. The ''San Francisco Chronicles Jeff Yang has noted that Wu is not a comedian in the conventional sense but that by "just talking eis, well, ...

(Kevin Wu) - Comedian and actor * (黃柏鈞) Chinese-American Movie Star *

Cindy Yen Cindy Yen (), born as Cindy Wu ( on November 14, 1986 is a Taiwanese-American singer, songwriter, actress, composer and producer. She was the first artist to be signed to JR Yang and Jay Chou's company, JVR Music, in 2009, when the company was ...

Chinese-American Pop Star *Terry Chang Gee (died 2012) became a volunteer in Chinese American causes. Quan said "He's considered one of the pioneers of the Chinese community."Quiroz, Erica.
Chinese community pioneer Gee remembered for helping others
" ''

Houston Chronicle The ''Houston Chronicle'' is the largest daily newspaper in Houston, Texas, United States. , it is the third-largest newspaper by Sunday circulation in the United States, behind only ''The New York Times'' and the ''Los Angeles Times''. With i ...

''. September 8, 2012. Retrieved on April 22, 2013. *

Yao Ming Yao Ming (; born September 12, 1980) is a Chinese basketball executive and former professional player. He played for the Shanghai Sharks of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) and the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Associa ...

played for

Houston Rockets The Houston Rockets are an American professional basketball team based in Houston. The Rockets compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member team of the league's Western Conference Southwest Division. The team plays its ho ...

from 2002 to 2011 *Edward King Tung Chen (Former Deputy Counsul Republic of China and First Chinese Professor in Houston{ Prevented Internment of Chinese during the Korean War by working with FBI) 8n Application for an Official Texas Historical Marker for Edward King Tung Chen 1909-1957 Newspaperman, Diplomat, Scholar, Professor, Patriot American, Texan, Houstonian of Chinese Ancestry by Edward Chuck Ming Chen * Gene Wu (member of the

Texas House of Representatives The Texas House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature. It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms. As of the 2010 United States census, each member represents abo ...

)

References

*
Table of contents
** ** ** ** * Brady, Marilyn Dell. '' The Asian Texans''.

Texas A&M University Press Texas A&M University Press (also known informally as TAMU Press) is a scholarly publishing house associated with Texas A&M University. It was founded in 1974 and is located in College Station, Texas, in the United States. Overview The Texas A& ...

, 2004. , 9781585443123. * * Klineberg, Stephen L. and Jie Wu.
DIVERSITY AND TRANSFORMATION AMONG ASIANS IN HOUSTON: Findings from the Kinder Institute’s Houston Area Asian Survey (1995, 2002, 2011)

Archive
.

Kinder Institute for Urban Research Kinder is the German word for "children"; it may also refer to: Businesses *Kinder, a trademark of Ferrero SpA, Ferrero, an Italian confectioner: **Kinder Surprise **Kinder Chocolate bars **Kinder Happy Hippo **Kinder Bueno **Kinder Joy *Kinder M ...

,

Rice University William Marsh Rice University (Rice University) is a Private university, private research university in Houston, Houston, Texas. It is on a 300-acre campus near the Houston Museum District and adjacent to the Texas Medical Center. Rice is ranke ...

. February 2013. * Rodriguez, Nestor. "Hispanic and Asian Immigration Waves in Houston." in: Chafetz, Janet Salzman and Helen Rose Ebaugh (editors). ''Religion and the New Immigrants: Continuities and Adaptations in Immigrant Congregations''.

AltaMira Press Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an independent publishing house founded in 1949. Under several imprints, the company offers scholarly books for the academic market, as well as trade books. The company also owns the book distributing comp ...

, October 18, 2000. , 9780759117129. ** Also available in: Ebaugh, Helen Rose Fuchs and Janet Saltzman Chafetz (editors).

Rowman & Littlefield Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an independent publishing house founded in 1949. Under several imprints, the company offers scholarly books for the academic market, as well as trade books. The company also owns the book distributing comp ...

, January 1, 2000. 0742503909, 9780742503908.

Notes

External links

Chinese Community Center

Chinese American Petroleum Association
(CAPA, )
Chinese American Doctors Association of Houston
(CADAH)
Archives of the Southwest Chinese Journal
{{Chinese Americans by location Asian-American culture in Houston Chinese History of Houston Chinese-American culture in Texas

Houston Houston (; ) is the most populous city in Texas, the most populous city in the Southern United States, the fourth-most populous city in the United States, and the sixth-most populous city in North America, with a population of 2,304,580 ...

History

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References

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