''Hipparchia'' is a genus of
butterflies
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises ...
within the family
Nymphalidae
The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a red ...
. The genus was erected by
Johan Christian Fabricius
Johan Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is co ...
in 1807.
Species
*''
Hipparchia alcyone''
(Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775) – rock grayling
**''Hipparchia alcyone caroli''
(Rothschild, 1933) (
Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to A ...
) may be a
full species ''
Hipparchia ellena caroli''
**''Hipparchia alcyone genava'' may be a full species ''
Hipparchia genava
''Hipparchia genava'', the lesser rock grayling, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.
Taxonomy
Some authors consider this species separate from '' Hipparchia alcyone'', mainly on the basis of larval morphology, but doubts are sti ...
''
Fruhstorfer, 1907 (
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
)
*''
Hipparchia aristaeus''
(Bonelli, 1826) – southern grayling – (
North Africa
North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...
,
Asia Minor
Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...
, southern Europe
*''
Hipparchia algirica'' or ''Hipparchia aristaeus algirica''
(Oberthür, 1876)
**''Hipparchia aristaeus algirica''
(Oberthür, 1876) (
Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to A ...
,
Algeria
)
, image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Algiers
, coordinates =
, largest_city = capital
, relig ...
,
Tunisia
)
, image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg
, map_caption = Location of Tunisia in northern Africa
, image_map2 =
, capital = Tunis
, largest_city = capital
, ...
)
**''Hipparchia aristaeus aristaeus'' (
Corsica
Corsica ( , Upper , Southern ; it, Corsica; ; french: Corse ; lij, Còrsega; sc, Còssiga) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France. It is the fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of ...
,
Sardinia
Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label= Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, aft ...
)
**''Hipparchia aristaeus blachieri'' (
Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographi ...
)
*''
Hipparchia autonoe''
(Esper, 1784) (southeastern Europe to northern
Caucasus
The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historica ...
, southern
Siberia
Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a part ...
,
Amur
The Amur (russian: река́ Аму́р, ), or Heilong Jiang (, "Black Dragon River", ), is the world's tenth longest river, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Northeastern China (Inner Manchuria). The Amur proper is long ...
,
Korea
Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic ...
,
Tibet
Tibet (; ''Böd''; ) is a region in East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are some other ethnic groups such as Monpa people, ...
, northwestern China)
**''Hipparchia autonoe maxima''
Bang-Haas
**''Hipparchia autonoe orchomenus''
(Fruhstorfer, 1911) (Tibet)
**''Hipparchia autonoe sibirica''
(Staudinger, 1861) (Siberia)
**''Hipparchia autonoe wutaiensis''
Murayama
*''
Hipparchia azorina''
(Strecker, 1899) – Azores grayling – (
Azores
)
, motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace")
, anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores")
, image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg
, map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union
, map_caption=Location of the Azores wi ...
)
*''
Hipparchia caldeirensis''
(Oehmig (1981)
*''
Hipparchia bacchus''
Higgins, 1967
*''
Hipparchia blachieri''
(Frühstorfer, 1908)
*''
Hipparchia christenseni''
Kudrna, 1977 (
Greece
Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders wi ...
)
*''
Hipparchia cretica''
(Rebel, 1916) (
Crete
Crete ( el, Κρήτη, translit=, Modern: , Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, ...
)
*''
Hipparchia cypriensis''
(Holik, 1949) (
Cyprus
Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is ...
)
*''
Hipparchia delattini''
Kudrna, 1975 (
North Macedonia
North Macedonia, ; sq, Maqedonia e Veriut, (Macedonia before February 2019), officially the Republic of North Macedonia,, is a country in Southeast Europe. It gained independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Socialist Feder ...
, northwestern
Greece
Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders wi ...
)
*''
Hipparchia ellena''
(Oberthür, 1894) (
North Africa
North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...
)
**''Hipparchia ellena caroli''
(Rothschild, 1933) (
Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to A ...
)
*''
Hipparchia fagi
''Hipparchia fagi'', the woodland grayling, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.
Etymology
The Latin species name ''fagi'', meaning of "beech" (=''fagus''), refers to the prevailing species of trees in the relating biotope.
Subspecies
* '' ...
''
(Scopoli, 1763) – woodland grayling – (central Europe, southern
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...
)
**''Hipparchia fagi tetrica''
Fruhstorfer, 1907
*''
Hipparchia fatua''
(Freyer, 1844) – Freyer's grayling – (
Asia Minor
Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...
)
**''Hipparchia fatua klapperichi''
(Gross & Ebert, 1975)
**''Hipparchia fatua persiscana''
(Verity, 1937) (
Armenia
Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ''O ...
)
*''
Hipparchia fidia''
(Linnaeus, 1767) – striped grayling – (
North Africa
North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...
, southwestern Europe)
**''Hipparchia fidia fidia''
*''
Hipparchia genava
''Hipparchia genava'', the lesser rock grayling, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.
Taxonomy
Some authors consider this species separate from '' Hipparchia alcyone'', mainly on the basis of larval morphology, but doubts are sti ...
''
Fruhstorfer, 1907 – lesser rock grayling
*''
Hipparchia gomera''
Higgins, 1967
*''
Hipparchia hansii''
( Austaut, 1879) (North Africa)
*''
Hipparchia hermione''
(Linnaeus, 1764) (central and southern Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor)
*''
Hipparchia leighebi''
Kudrna, 1976 or ''Hipparchia semele leighebi''
Kudrna, 1976 Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographi ...
*''
Hipparchia maderensis''
(Bethune-Baker, 1891) – Madeiran grayling – (
Madeira
)
, anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira")
, song_type = Regional anthem
, image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg
, map_alt=Location of Madeira
, map_caption=Location of Madeira
, subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...
)
*''
Hipparchia mersina''
(Staudinger, 1871) (
Greece
Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders wi ...
)
*''
Hipparchia miguelensis''
Le Cerf, 1935
*''
Hipparchia neapolitana
''Hipparchia neapolitana'', the Italian grayling, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.
It is an Endemism, endemic species found only in the Campania region of Italy.
neapolitana
References
External links ''Hipparchia'' (''Parahipparch ...
''
(Stauder, 1921) – Italian grayling – (
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
)
*''
Hipparchia neomiris''
(Godart, 1824) – Corsican grayling – (
Corsica
Corsica ( , Upper , Southern ; it, Corsica; ; french: Corse ; lij, Còrsega; sc, Còssiga) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France. It is the fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of ...
,
Sardinia
Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label= Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, aft ...
)
*''
Hipparchia parisatis''
(Kollar, 1849) – white-edged rock brown – (Asia)
**''Hipparchia parisatis laeta''
(Christoph, 1877)
**''Hipparchia parisatis macrophthalma''
Eversmann, 1851 (
Armenia
Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ''O ...
)
**''Hipparchia parisatis xizangensis''
(Chou, 1994) (
Tibet
Tibet (; ''Böd''; ) is a region in East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are some other ethnic groups such as Monpa people, ...
)
*''
Hipparchia pellucida''
(Stauder, 1924) or ''
Hipparchia semele pellucida'' (
Asia Minor
Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...
, southeastern Europe)
*''
Hipparchia pisidice''
(Klug, 1832) (
Syria
Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
,
Lebanon
Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus lie ...
)
*''
Hipparchia powelli''
(Oberthür, 1910) (
Algeria
)
, image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Algiers
, coordinates =
, largest_city = capital
, relig ...
)
*''
Hipparchia sbordonii''
Kudrna, 1984 or ''Hipparchia semele sbordonii''
Kudrna, 1984 – Ponza grayling – (
Pontine Islands
The Pontine Islands (, also ; it, Isole Ponziane ) are an archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the coast of Lazio region, Italy. The islands were collectively named after the largest island in the group, Ponza. The other islands in the arch ...
)
*''
Hipparchia semele
The grayling or rock grayling (''Hipparchia semele'') is a species in the brush-footed butterfly family Nymphalidae. Although found all over Europe, the grayling mostly inhabits coastal areas, with inland populations declining significantly in re ...
''
(Linnaeus, 1758) – grayling – (Europe, southern Russia)
**''Hipparchia semele semele'' (Europe)
**''Hipparchia semele atlantica'' (northwestern
Scotland
Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to ...
)
**''Hipparchia semele cadmus''
Fruhstorfer, 1908 (mountains of Europe)
**''Hipparchia semele clarensis'' (
Ireland
Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the s ...
)
**''Hipparchia semele hibernica'' (Ireland)
**''Hipparchia semele leighebi''
Kudrna, 1976 or ''
Hipparchia leighebi'' (
Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographi ...
)
**''Hipparchia semele pellucida''
(Stauder, 1924)
**''Hipparchia semele sbordonii''
Kudrna, 1984 (
Pontine Islands
The Pontine Islands (, also ; it, Isole Ponziane ) are an archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the coast of Lazio region, Italy. The islands were collectively named after the largest island in the group, Ponza. The other islands in the arch ...
)
[Tom Tolman, Richard Lewington, ''Guide des papillons d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord'', Delachaux et Niestlé, ]
**''Hipparchia semele scota'' (coasts of Scotland)
**''Hipparchia semele thyone''
uk butterflies
/ref>
*'' Hipparchia senthes'' (Fruhstorfer, 1908) or ''Hipparchia aristaeus senthes'' (Albania
Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and share ...
, North Macedonia
North Macedonia, ; sq, Maqedonia e Veriut, (Macedonia before February 2019), officially the Republic of North Macedonia,, is a country in Southeast Europe. It gained independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Socialist Feder ...
, Bulgaria
Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...
, Greece
Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders wi ...
, Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula ...
)
*''Hipparchia statilinus
''Hipparchia statilinus'', the tree grayling, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.
Subspecies
Subspecies include:
*''Hipparchia statilinus statilinus'' (Hufnagel, 1766)
*''Hipparchia statilinus sylvicola'' (Austaut, 1880) ( Morocco, Alge ...
'' (Hufnagel, 1766) – tree grayling – (North Africa
North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...
, Asia Minor
Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...
southern and central Europe)
**''Hipparchia statilinus statilinus''
**''Hipparchia statilinus sylvicola'' (Austaut, 1880) (North Africa)
*'' Hipparchia stulta'' (Staudinger, 1882) (Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the s ...
, Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекистан), officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Ozbekiston Respublikasi, italic=yes / ; russian: Республика Узбекистан), is a doubly landlocked co ...
, Tadjikistan
Tajikistan (, ; tg, Тоҷикистон, Tojikiston; russian: Таджикистан, Tadzhikistan), officially the Republic of Tajikistan ( tg, Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Jumhurii Tojikiston), is a landlocked country in Centra ...
, Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is borde ...
)
*''Hipparchia syriaca
''Hipparchia syriaca'' is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Greece especially on the island of Samos, Turkey, Bulgaria, Albania, North Macedonia, Caucasus and Transcaucasia. It is found on the edges of foothills an ...
'' (Staudinger, 1871) (southeastern Europe, Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula ...
)
*'' Hipparchia tewfiki'' (Wiltshire, 1949)
*'' Hipparchia tilosi'' (Manil, 1984)
*'' Hipparchia volgensis'' (Mazochin-Porshnjakov, 1952) (Asia Minor
Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...
, southeastern Europe)
*'' Hipparchia wyssii'' (Christoph, 1889) (Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (; es, :es:Canarias, Canarias, ), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, in Macaronesia. At their closest point to ...
)
References
External links
Satyrinae of the Western Palearctic
* With images.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hipparchia (Butterfly)
Satyrini
Butterfly genera
Taxa named by Johan Christian Fabricius