José Hipólito Unanue y Pavón (August 13, 1755–July 15, 1833) was a
physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
,
naturalist,
meteorologist
A meteorologist is a scientist who studies and works in the field of meteorology aiming to understand or predict Earth's atmospheric phenomena including the weather. Those who study meteorological phenomena are meteorologists in research, while t ...
,
cosmographer, the first
Minister of Finance of Peru, Minister of Foreign affairs, Protomédico (equivalent to Minister of health combines with head of "Escuela de Medicina del Peru"), university
professor, founder of the San Fernando Medical School (now the Medicine faculty of
San Marcos University), representative of Arequipa in the
Cortes of Cádiz, President of the Junta de Gobierno (highest executive power in the Peruvian government at that time), Protector of the province of Arequipa (during the Spanish Empire), independence precursor and a
Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg
, image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
, other_symbol = Great Seal of the State
, other_symbol_type = National seal
, national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...
vian politician, active in politics in the early years after independence. He served as the
President of the Congress from 1822 to 1823.
Early life
Hipólito Unanue was born in
Arica
Arica ( ; ) is a commune and a port city with a population of 222,619 in the Arica Province of northern Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region. It is Chile's northernmost city, being located only south of the border with Peru. The city is the capita ...
on August 13, 1755 as the son of Antonio Unánue de Montalivert
and Manuela Pavón y Salgado, both from
creole families.
He studied philosophy and law in a seminary in
Arequipa. In 1777, Unanue moved to
Lima to study natural sciences. He studied in Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos where he received his bachelor's degree in 1783, graduated in 1786 and became a professor at the same university, establishing his name as an eminent
physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
. He was one of the founders of
Sociedad Académica de Amantes del País in 1790.
Unanue was
Minister of Finance of Peru on three times: 1821-1823, 1823-1824 and 1824-1825. His contributions to Peruvian science were "largely forgotten," during the turbulent period of Peruvian independence.
[Mark A. Burkholder, "Hipólito Unanue" in ''Encyclopedia of Latin America History and Culture'' vol. 5, p. 292. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996.]
See also
*
Spanish American Enlightenment
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Unanue Hipolito
1755 births
1833 deaths
Presidents of Peru
Presidents of the Congress of the Republic of Peru
Peruvian people of Spanish descent
Peruvian Ministers of Economy and Finance
19th-century Peruvian physicians
National University of San Marcos alumni
People from Arica
18th-century Peruvian physicians
Freemasons