file:Graet_Hylper_Wordebook.jpg, alt=Graet Hylper Wordebook, Cover of the 2019 Hindelooper Dictionary Hindeloopen Frisian (natively , West Frisian language, West Frisian: s), also referred to as ''Hindeloopers'' in English language, English and Dutch language, Dutch, is a West Frisian languages, West Frisian variety spoken in the port town of Hindeloopen and the village of Molkwerum on the west coast of Friesland. It has preserved much of the Old Frisian phonology and lexicon, and has been attested to since the 17th Century. Hindelooper is spoken by some 500 people in Hindeloopen, almost all of them elderly, with the number of speakers decreasing.

Recognition

In 1981, the (Frisian Academy) published a dictionary of the language (then seen as a dialect) entitled ''Hylper Wurdboek''. In 2006, work began on a sucsessor to the dictionary, which was published in 2019 under the name ''Graet Hylper Wordebook''. Authors of the new edition included and Sybrek Dyk. The newdictionary contains 1000 pages of words, grammar and synonyms and is considered the Standard language, definitive version of the language. In 2019, Glottolog assigned the language the code "hind1273", under the name "Hindeloopen-Molkwerum Frisian". Language revitalization, Language activist , responsible for the Glottolog entries of both Hinderloopers and Terschelling Frisian stated that "these 3 languages have a complete language system, it's not just a few words which are different from Frisian, the languages have developed separately from Frisian. Hylpers and Frisian are more different from each other than Afrikaans and Dutch" in an interview with Trouw regarding the dialect."Spreekt u al Aasters, Schiermonnikoogs of Hielpes? Dankzij Dyami Millarson (25) zijn het nu zelfstandige talen"
Dutch, Trouw, 2 juni 2019 The Hylper language is taught at the local elementary school.

Development

Due to its position on a peninsula, Hindeloopen was very isolated from the mainland until the 20th century and for centuries had more contact with the coastal cities in Holland on the other side of the South Sea. Because of this, Hindeloopen Frisian underwent greater influence from Hollandic speech than the other dialects of West Frisian. The location of Hindeloopen is, however, not a complete explanation for the dialect: until about 1800, Koudum had a dialect that was very similar to Hindeloopen.

Differences compared to Standard West Frisian

*In Hindeloopen Frisian, the ''l'' in the trigraphs ''âld'' and ''âlt'' is pronoucned, as in West Frisian language, Standard West Frisian, and is subject to Vowel length, vowel lengthening. *The Standard West Frisian ''tsj'' is reduced to ''tj'' or ''s''; for example, for the standard (against) and for the standard (church). *The digraph ''ae (digraph), ae'' is still used instead of the modern ''aa (digraph), aa''. *The standard ''ú'' is written ''uu''. *Non-standard letters used: ''ä'', ''ö'', ''è'' and ''ò''. There are also a few lexical differences, such as instead of (to sew), instead of (a child’s word for “horse”) and instead of (onion). The dialect’s vocabulary preserves many more words from Old Frisian that are no longer used elsewhere. The differences in pronunciation and vocabulary between Hindeloopen Frisian and Standard West Frisian are so big that mutual intelligibility is difficult. However, Hindeloopen Frisian has gradually become more like standard West Frisian due to increasing contact with speakers of other dialects.

Example

References

{{Frisian languages West Frisian language Súdwest-Fryslân Languages attested from the 17th century