The TAV ( pt, Trem de Alta Velocidade, meaning ''train of high-speed'') is planned to be

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

's first planned high-speed rail service. The first line was proposed to run between

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...

and

São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for ' Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the Ga ...

. It was expected to cover the between Barão de Mauá station, and

Campo de Marte Airport Campo de Marte Airport is the first airport built in São Paulo, Brazil, opened in 1929. It is named after Champ de Mars, in Paris, which in turn got its name from Campus Martius, in Rome. During a transitional period, the airport is jointly o ...

in an 85 minutes, reaching a maximum speed of . The project was originally budgeted at $231 billion, supported by both private and international investors rather than government.TAV Brazil Information
/ref>

Planning

A feasibility study revealed a demand of almost 33 million passengers by 2015. This estimate however is highly criticized for being too generous. The plans include linking the São Paulo International Airport, in Guarulhos,

Greater São Paulo Greater São Paulo ( pt, Grande São Paulo) is a nonspecific term for one of the multiple definitions of the large metropolitan area located in the São Paulo state in Brazil. Definitions Metropolitan Area A legally defined specific term, ''Reg ...

, the

Viracopos International Airport Viracopos – Campinas International Airport (sometimes referred to as São Paulo/Campinas or São Paulo/Viracopos) is an international airport serving the municipality of Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil. On 6 January 1987, the airport name ...

, in

Campinas Campinas (, ''Plains'' or ''Meadows'') is a Brazilian municipality in São Paulo State, part of the country's Southeast Region. According to the 2020 estimate, the city's population is 1,213,792, making it the fourteenth most populous Brazilian ...

, and the

Galeão International Airport Galeão (Portuguese meaning galleon) may refer to: *Galeão Air Force Base, a Brazilian Air Force base in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil *Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport (Galeão–Antonio Carlos Jobim International Airport), an airport in t ...

, in

. The route will include 134 km (85 mi) of track passing through 105 tunnels and viaducts. In Guarulhos, São Paulo, there will be tunnel of 15 km (9.3 mi) in length. Apart from the Inter-American Development Bank, five other international institutions have already tabled the possibility of investing in the Brazilian super train. BNDES, in particular, has proposed financing the project. An estimated 200,000 jobs are expected to be generated by the project once it gets underway. The winning bidders will join the government as venture partners through a

public company A public company is a company whose ownership is organized via shares of stock which are intended to be freely traded on a stock exchange or in over-the-counter markets. A public (publicly traded) company can be listed on a stock exchange ( ...

, called ETAV. In July 2000, the CND (National Council for Privatization), following the ruling of the TCU (Court of Audit) and authorized the release of the feasibility study for the project. The consortium that won the bidding for the high-speed train will, according to the original plan, have six years to complete the stretch between Rio and Campinas. According to ANTT (National Agency of Land Transport), however, the winning bidder could complete certain stretches ready for operation beforehand. It was hoped that the complete linkage between Campinas to Rio, via São Paulo, would be complete and in operation for the 2016 Summer Olympics but, due to delays, the project was expected to be completed by 2020. Due to the

coronavirus pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identifie ...

, the project has been delayed and still not completed by 2029. The ETAV, with headquarters in

Brasília Brasília (; ) is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District. The city is located at the top of the Brazilian highlands in the country's Central-West region. It was founded by President Juscelino Kubitsche ...

, aims to plan and promote the development of high-speed rail integrated with other modes of

transportation Transport (in British English), or transportation (in American English), is the intentional movement of humans, animals, and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, land (rail and road), water, cable, pipeline, ...

in the country. ETAC's assignments include: feasibility studies, technical-economic

engineering Engineering is the use of scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more speciali ...

, research,

innovation Innovation is the practical implementation of ideas that result in the introduction of new goods or services or improvement in offering goods or services. ISO TC 279 in the standard ISO 56000:2020 defines innovation as "a new or changed entit ...

and

technology Technology is the application of knowledge to reach practical goals in a specifiable and Reproducibility, reproducible way. The word ''technology'' may also mean the product of such an endeavor. The use of technology is widely prevalent in me ...

, absorb and transfer technology, supporting capacity development of national industry, overseeing the execution of the works of infrastructure and the implementation of the operation of transport high-speed railway. The new company will be organized in the form of a privately held corporation and has its capital represented by common shares - of which at least 50% will be owned by a

Union Union commonly refers to: * Trade union, an organization of workers * Union (set theory), in mathematics, a fundamental operation on sets Union may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Union (band), an American rock group ** ''Un ...

Traffic Distribution

In planning the basic services of TAV Brazil, the times of the highest flow of passengers daily, weekly and annually were taken into consideration. * For Express Service (Direct operation between

and

Rio Rio or Río is the Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, and Maltese word for "river". When spoken on its own, the word often means Rio de Janeiro, a major city in Brazil. Rio or Río may also refer to: Geography Brazil * Rio de Janeiro * Rio do Sul, a ...

): 35% of daily traffic is estimated to be concentrated in three hours during the

morning Morning is the period from sunrise to noon. There are no exact times for when morning begins (also true of evening and night) because it can vary according to one's lifestyle and the hours of daylight at each time of year. However, morning s ...

peak (6:00 am to 9:00 am) and 35% in the three hours of the afternoon peak (5:00 pm to 8:00 pm); * For Regional services the route between

and

São José dos Campos São José dos Campos (, meaning Saint Joseph of the Fields) is a major city and the seat of the municipality of the same name in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. One of the leading industrial and research centers with emphasis in aerospace scien ...

- with a stop in São Paulo) – is considered a short distance. From Campinas-

, with a stop in São Paulo, São José dos Campos,

Volta Redonda Volta Redonda () is the name of a municipality in the Rio de Janeiro state of Brazil with an area of 182.81 km2, located from 350m to 707m above the sea level (22°31'23" S, 44°06'15" W) and with a population of 273,988 inhabitants (estima ...

and

Barra Mansa Barra Mansa is a Brazilian municipality located in the south of the state of Rio de Janeiro. It is in the microregion of the Paraíba Valley, within the mesoregion of the South Fluminense. It is located at latitude 22º32'39 "south, longitude 44 ...

is considered long distance). 25% of daily traffic is concentrated at the peak of the

(6:00 am to 9:00 am) while 25% is concentrated in the

afternoon Afternoon is the time after solar noon. It is the time when the sun is descending from its peak in the sky to somewhat before its terminus at the horizon in the west. In human life, it occupies roughly the latter half of the standard work a ...

peak hours (5:00 pm to 8:00 pm) and 20% during the peak midday hours of (noon to 2:00 pm). The distribution of traffic is estimated to be 16.3% for each weekday, 7.7% on Saturdays, and 10.8% on Sundays. The total annual traffic is based on the weekly total, assuming 52 weeks per year. The total number of high-speed trains will be 14 Express trains, 25 regional trains, and 3 reserve trains. By 2024, the total number of high-speed trains is expected to be 28

express train An express train is a type of passenger train that makes a small number of stops between its origin and destination stations, usually major destinations, allowing faster service than local trains that stop at most or all of the stations alo ...

s, 50

regional train Regional rail, also known as local trains and stopping trains, are passenger rail services that operate between towns and cities. These trains operate with more stops over shorter distances than inter-city rail, but fewer stops and faster servi ...

s, and 6 reserve trains. TAV Brazil favors the reduction of

distance Distance is a numerical or occasionally qualitative measurement of how far apart objects or points are. In physics or everyday usage, distance may refer to a physical length or an estimation based on other criteria (e.g. "two counties over"). ...

between the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro and estimates that the rail service will be reduced to less than half -measured in minutes. 93 minutes by TAV, 110 minutes by airplane, 3 minutes by car, and 9 minutes by

bus A bus (contracted from omnibus, with variants multibus, motorbus, autobus, etc.) is a road vehicle that carries significantly more passengers than an average car or van. It is most commonly used in public transport, but is also in use for cha ...

. The high-speed train will be divided into two classes,

economy class Economy class, also called third class, coach class, steerage, or to distinguish it from the slightly more expensive premium economy class, standard economy class or budget economy class, is the lowest travel class of seating in air travel, rail ...

and executive class. Among passengers who fly between São Paulo-Rio, 77% do so for work and 23% do so for non-work related journeys. The axis formed by the cities of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Campinas is the most important in the country. It involves 33% of the

gross domestic product Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. Due to its complex and subjective nature this measure is oft ...

and affects 20% of the

population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a ...

of Brazil.

Railroad Specification

The parameters of the planned

railroad Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport that transfers passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, which are incorporated in tracks. In contrast to road transport, where the vehicles run on a pre ...

are: Gauge: ; Maximum Projected Speed: 350 km/h; Maximum Gradient (gradient) of the project: 3.5%; Minimum Horizontal Radius: 7228 m; Minimum Vertical Radius: 42.875 m; Axle Load per Train: 17 t; Crossing Loop/Minimum Platform Length at Each Station: 500 m/400 m (for train sets up to 16 cars). The extension and their paths are divided by 90.9 km or 56.4 mi (18%) of

Tunnel A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through surrounding soil, earth or rock, and enclosed except for the entrance and exit, commonly at each end. A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube cons ...

, 107.8 km or 66.9 mi (21%) of

bridge A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually somethi ...

s and viaducts, and 312.1 km or 193.9 mi (61%) of surface. This has taken longer that originally anticipated. For a timeline
Updated Information

TAV by Route

TAV Campinas/São Paulo/Rio

The first planned line will link the

ian cities of

and

. There will be seven stations on the route, including the cities of

, Jundiaí,

, and

Aparecida Aparecida is a Brazilian municipality in the state of São Paulo. It is located in the fertile valley of the River Paraíba do Sul on the southern (right) bank. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte. The popula ...

in the

State of São Paulo State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

and the cities of Resende,

in the state of

State of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro () is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil. It has the second largest economy of Brazil, with the largest being that of the state of São Paulo. The state, which has 8.2% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for 9.2% of ...

. The project will include the main

airport An airport is an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport. Airports usually consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surfa ...

s of Campinas, São Paulo, and Rio. Tickets are estimated to cost R$200 one way. A one-way ticket from São Paulo to Rio currently costs between R$52.00 (by bus) to R$72. Travel in executive coaches is currently estimated to cost R$60.

TAV Brasília/Goiânia

In 2009, construction of the TAV High-speed railway between

Anápolis Anápolis (, ) is a Brazilian city in the State of Goiás. It is located between two capitals, the federal capital Brasília and state capital Goiânia. It is the third most populous city in the state, with 391,772 inhabitants according to an es ...

Goiânia Goiânia (; ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Goiás. With a population of 1,536,097, it is the second-largest city in the Central-West Region and the 10th-largest in the country. Its metropolitan area has a population ...

was announced, known as the Expresso Pequi. In 2017,

South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eas ...

n rail operator

AREX AREX (Airport Railroad Express) is a South Korean commuter rail line that links Incheon International Airport with Seoul Station via Gimpo International Airport. The section between the two airports opened on March 23, 2007, and line was exten ...

proposed a line with a maximum speed of between the two cities.

TAV Belo Horizonte/Curitiba

In 2008, when the plans for implementing high-speed trains connecting the country's megalopolises was announced, the government of Brazil included by Provisional Measure - the rail link for passengers between the cities of Belo Horizonte and

Curitiba Curitiba () is the capital and largest city in the state of Paraná in Brazil. The city's population was 1,948,626 , making it the eighth most populous city in Brazil and the largest in Brazil's South Region. The Curitiba Metropolitan area ...

- in the National Transportation Plan. The

plan A plan is typically any diagram or list of steps with details of timing and resources, used to achieve an objective to do something. It is commonly understood as a temporal set of intended actions through which one expects to achieve a goal. ...

lists the investments that may be made by the government in the

sector. After completion of the auction of the Rio-São Paulo route, the Brazilian government will begin studying the connection of the capital of Minas Gerais, and the capital of Paraná. This railway line would connect - in the State of

Minas Gerais Minas Gerais () is a state in Southeastern Brazil. It ranks as the second most populous, the third by gross domestic product (GDP), and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte (literally ...

the cities of; Belo Horizonte, Divinópolis, Varginha and Poços de Caldas, in the State of São Paulo; Campinas, São Paulo, Sorocaba,

Itapetininga Itapetininga is a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The population is 165,526 (2020 est.) in an area of 1790 km2. The name comes from a Tupi-Guarani language, meaning "dry stone".Apiaí Apiaí is a Brazilian municipality of the state of São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for ' Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian sta ...

, and, in the State of Paraná; Curitiba.Belo Horizonte-Curitiba High-speed rail
/ref>

TAV Ribeirão Preto/Uberlândia

There are also plans for a high-speed railway between Uberlândia and Ribeirão Preto, which will be funded by the federal government.

References

External links

TAV – Trem de Alta Velocidade
{{DEFAULTSORT:High-Speed Rail In Brazil es:Tren de Alta Velocidad de Brasil