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The is a traditional
and is too weak to warm a whole room, often disappointing foreigners who expected such power. Sometimes, people placed a over the to boil water for Japanese tea, tea. Later, by the 1900s, some cooking was also done over the . Traditional Japanese houses were well ventilated (or poorly sealed), so
must never be used in airtight rooms such as those in Western buildings. In
File:Japanese Edo Hibachi.JPG, Primitive from before the
The is a traditional Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the n ...
ese heating device. It is a brazier
A brazier () is a container used to burn charcoal or other solid fuel for cooking, heating or cultural rituals. It often takes the form of a metal box or bowl with feet. Its elevation helps circulate air, feeding oxygen to the fire. Braziers h ...
which is either round, cylindrical, or box-shaped, open-topped container, made from or lined with a heatproof material and designed to hold burning charcoal
Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating wood (or other animal and plant materials) in minimal oxygen to remove all water and volatile constituents. In the traditional version of this pyrolysis process, ...
. It is believed date back to the Heian period
The is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. It followed the Nara period, beginning when the 50th emperor, Emperor Kanmu, moved the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto). means "peace" in Japan ...
(794 to 1185). It is filled with incombustible ash
Ash or ashes are the solid remnants of fires. Specifically, ''ash'' refers to all non-aqueous, non-gaseous residues that remain after something burns. In analytical chemistry, to analyse the mineral and metal content of chemical samples, ash ...
, and charcoal sits in the center of the ash. To handle the charcoal, a pair of metal chopsticks
Chopsticks ( or ; Pinyin: ''kuaizi'' or ''zhu'') are shaped pairs of equal-length sticks of Chinese origin that have been used as kitchen and eating utensils in most of East and Southeast Asia for over three millennia. They are held in the ...
called is used, in a way similar to Western fire iron
A fire iron is any metal instrument for tending a fire.
Types
There are three types of tools commonly used to tend a small fire, such as an indoor fireplace fire or yule log: the spade, the tongs and the poker itself. These tools make it possi ...
s or tongs
Tongs are a type of tool used to grip and lift objects instead of holding them directly with hands. There are many forms of tongs adapted to their specific use.
The first pair of tongs belongs to the Egyptians. Tongs likely started off as ...
. were used for heating, not for cooking. It heats by radiation
In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium. This includes:
* ''electromagnetic radiation'', such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visi ...
, (bibliographic datand is too weak to warm a whole room, often disappointing foreigners who expected such power. Sometimes, people placed a over the to boil water for Japanese tea, tea. Later, by the 1900s, some cooking was also done over the . Traditional Japanese houses were well ventilated (or poorly sealed), so
carbon monoxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning typically occurs from breathing in carbon monoxide (CO) at excessive levels. Symptoms are often described as " flu-like" and commonly include headache, dizziness, weakness, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion. Large ...
or suffocation from carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide ( chemical formula ) is a chemical compound made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in the gas state at room temperature. In the air, carbon dioxide is t ...
from burning charcoal were of lesser concern. Nevertheless, such risks do exist, and proper handling is necessary to avoid accidents. (bibliographic datmust never be used in airtight rooms such as those in Western buildings. In
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and th ...
, the term refers to a small cooking stove heated by charcoal (called a in Japanese), or to an iron hot plate
A hot plate is a portable self-contained tabletop small appliance cooktop that features one or more electric heating elements or gas burners. A hot plate can be used as a stand-alone appliance, but is often used as a substitute for one of t ...
(called a in Japanese) used in restaurants.
Edo period
The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was character ...
(1600–1868) ( Fukagawa Edo Museum)
File:The real hibachi.jpg, A traditional charcoal , made c. 1880–1900
File:Edo Hibachi.JPG, House of the Edo period (Fukagawa Edo Museum)
File:Hishikawa Buch.jpg, Two women and a man warming themselves by a
See also
*Brazier
A brazier () is a container used to burn charcoal or other solid fuel for cooking, heating or cultural rituals. It often takes the form of a metal box or bowl with feet. Its elevation helps circulate air, feeding oxygen to the fire. Braziers h ...
* Japanese traditional heating devices:
** Kamado
A is a traditional Japanese wood- or charcoal-fueled cook stove.
Etymology and history
The kamado was invented in China, spread to Korea, and eventually made its way to Japan.Farrispp.83-87./ref> The name kamado is the Japanese word for ...
: a kitchen stove
** Shichirin
]
The ''shichirin'' (; , literally "seven wheels") is a small charcoal grill.
Etymology
''Shichirin'' being a compound word made up of the characters 七 (''shichi'' or ''nana'', "seven") and 輪 (''rin'' or ''wa'', "wheel," "loop," or "ri ...
: a portable brazier
** Tabako-bon
A is a Japanese smoking pipe, traditionally used for smoking ''kizami'', a finely shredded tobacco product resembling hair.
History
The word ''kiseru'' is said to have originated from the Cambodian word ''khsier'' around the 16th century, whi ...
: a mini brazier to light tobacco in ''kiseru'' pipes
** Kotatsu
A is a low, wooden table frame covered by a ''futon'', or heavy blanket, upon which a table top sits. Underneath is a heat source, formerly a charcoal brazier but now electric, often built into the table itself. ''Kotatsu'' are used almost ...
: a covered table over a brazier
**
*** Chagama
''Chagama'' (茶釜, "tea kettle") is a Japanese term referring to the metal pot or kettle used in the Japanese tea ceremony. ''Kama'' are made of cast iron, and are used to heat the water used to make tea.
Description
In the tea room, the ''k ...
*** Tetsubin
''Tetsubin'' (鉄瓶) are Japanese cast-iron kettles with a pouring spout, a lid, and a handle crossing over the top, used for boiling and pouring hot water for drinking purposes, such as for making tea.
''Tetsubin'' are traditionally heated ...
* Japanese cuisine
Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of political, economic, and social changes. The traditional cuisine of Japan ( Japanese: ) is based on rice with miso soup and oth ...
References
Cooking techniques Japanese pottery Japanese cuisine terms Stoves Portable furniture Japanese home {{Japan-culture-stub