In
4th-century Christianity
The 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini/Common era) was the time period which lasted from 301 ( CCCI) through 400 ( CD). In the West, the early part of the century was shaped by Constantine the Great, who became the first Rom ...
, the Anomoeans , and known also as Heterousians , Aetians , or Eunomians , were a
sect that upheld an extreme form of
Arianism, that
Jesus Christ
Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label= Hebrew/ Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and relig ...
was not of the same nature (
consubstantial
Consubstantiality, a term derived from la, consubstantialitas, denotes identity of substance or essence in spite of difference in aspect.
It appears most commonly in its adjectival form, "consubstantial", from Latin ''consubstantialis'', and ...
) as
God the Father nor was of like nature (
homoiousian
Homoiousios ( el, ὁμοιούσιος from , ''hómoios'', "similar" and , '' ousía'', "essence, being") is a Christian theological term, coined in the 4th century by a distinctive group of Christian theologians who held the belief that God ...
), as maintained by the semi-Arians.
The word "anomoean" comes from
Greek 'not' and 'similar': "different; dissimilar". In the 4th century, during the reign of
Constantius II, this was the name by which the followers of
Aëtius and
Eunomius were described. The term "heterousian" derives from the
Greek , ''heterooúsios'', "differing in substance" from , ''héteros'', "another" and , ''ousía'', "substance, being".
The semi-Arians condemned the Anomoeans in the
Council of Seleucia, and the Anomoeans condemned the semi-Arians in their turn in the Councils of
Constantinople
la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه
, alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis (" ...
and
Antioch
Antioch on the Orontes (; grc-gre, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου, ''Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou'', Learned ; also Syrian Antioch) grc-koi, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπ ...
; erasing the word from the formula of
Rimini and that of Constantinople and protesting that the Word had not only a different substance but also a will different from that of the Father. From that, they were to be called .
In the 5th century, the Anomoean presbyter
Philostorgius wrote an Anomoean church history.
Notable Anomoeans
*
Aëtius, who founded the Anomoean tradition, later bishop (361–?).
[Socrates Scholasticus, ''Church History'', book 2, chapter 35.]
*
Theodulus, bishop of
Chaeretapa (?–c. 363) and
Palestine (c. 363–c. 379).
*
Eunomius, bishop of
Cyzicus (360–361) and exiled bishop (361–c. 393).
[Philostorgius, in Photius, ''Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius'', book 5, chapter 3 and book 6, chapters 1–3.]
*
Paemenius, bishop of
Constantinople
la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه
, alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis (" ...
, (c. 363, at the same time as
Eudoxius of Antioch).
[Philostorgius, in Photius, ''Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius'', book 8, chapter 2.]
*
Candidus (Bishop of Lydia), (c. 363–?).
*
Arrianus, bishop of
Ionia, (c. 363–?).
*
Florentius, bishop of
Constantinople
la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه
, alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis (" ...
, (c. 363–?, at the same time as
Eudoxius of Antioch).
*
Thallus, bishop of
Lesbos, (c. 363–?, at the same time as
Eudoxius of Antioch).
*
Euphronius, bishop of
Galatia, the
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Rom ...
and
Cappadocia
Cappadocia or Capadocia (; tr, Kapadokya), is a historical region in Central Anatolia, Turkey. It largely is in the provinces Nevşehir, Kayseri, Aksaray, Kırşehir, Sivas and Niğde.
According to Herodotus, in the time of the Ionian Revo ...
, (c. 363–?).
*
Julian, bishop of
Cilicia
Cilicia (); el, Κιλικία, ''Kilikía''; Middle Persian: ''klkyʾy'' (''Klikiyā''); Parthian: ''kylkyʾ'' (''Kilikiyā''); tr, Kilikya). is a geographical region in southern Anatolia in Turkey, extending inland from the northeastern co ...
, (c. 363–?).
*
Serras,
Stephen, and Heliodorus, bishops of Egypt, (c. 363–?).
*
Philostorgius, historian.
Notable opponents of Anomoeanism
*
Basil of Caesarea, bishop of
Caesarea, and author of ''Against Eunomius''.
*
Gregory of Nazianzus
Gregory of Nazianzus ( el, Γρηγόριος ὁ Ναζιανζηνός, ''Grēgorios ho Nazianzēnos''; ''Liturgy of the Hours'' Volume I, Proper of Saints, 2 January. – 25 January 390,), also known as Gregory the Theologian or Gregory N ...
, archbishop of
Constantinople
la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه
, alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis (" ...
, prolific writer and orator.
''The First Theological Oration. A Preliminary Discourse Against the Eunomians.''*
Gregory of Nyssa
Gregory of Nyssa, also known as Gregory Nyssen ( grc-gre, Γρηγόριος Νύσσης; c. 335 – c. 395), was Bishop of Nyssa in Cappadocia from 372 to 376 and from 378 until his death in 395. He is venerated as a saint in Catholicis ...
, bishop of the Cappadocian town of
Nyssa and brother to Basil of Caesaria.
Against Eunomius' (12 books) and
''
See also
*
Archbishop Nectarius of Constantinople
Nectarius ( el, Νεκτάριος; died 17 September 397) was the archbishop of Constantinople from AD 381 until his death, the successor to Saint Gregory Nazianzus and predecessor to St. John Chrysostom.
Life
Born at Tarsus in Cilicia of a ...
*
Homoean
The Acacians (), also known as the Homoians or Homoeans (), were an Arian sect which played a major role in the Christianization of the Goths in the Danubian provinces of the Roman Empire.
They first emerged into distinctness as an ecclesiasti ...
s, in contrast to the Anomoeans
*
Arianism
*
Arian controversy
Notes
References
*First edition
Encyclopædia Britannica
The (Latin for "British Encyclopædia") is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It is published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; the company has existed since the 18th century, although it has changed ownership various t ...
ssued 1768-1771*
{{Heresies condemned by the Catholic Church
Arianism
Trinitarianism
Christian terminology
Nature of Jesus Christ