The coat of arms of the present-day Germany, German States of Germany, free state of Saxony shows a tenfold horizontally-partitioned (''Barry (heraldry), Barry of ten'') field of black (''Sable (heraldry), sable'') and gold/yellow (''Or (heraldry), or'') stripes,Freistaat Sachsen official website
Accessed 2009-05-19. charged with a green (''Vert (heraldry), vert'') crancelin (a stylized Ruta graveolens, common rue) running from the viewer's top-left to bottom-right (''in Bend (heraldry), bend''). Although the crancelin is sometimes shown bent (''embowed'') like a crown, this is due to artistic license. The coat of arms is also displayed on the State flag, state flag of Saxony.

History

The shield "''Variation of the field#Barry, Paly, Bendy, Barry of ten sable and or, a crancelin vert''" deduce from the Duchy of Saxony, Saxon counts of Ballenstedt (in present-day Saxony-Anhalt), ancestors of the ducal House of Ascania. The Ascanian margrave Albert the Bear achieved the Saxon ducal title in 1138; when his House of Welf, Welf successor Henry the Lion was deposed by Emperor Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick Barbarossa in 1180, Albert's son Bernhard, Count of Anhalt received the remaining Saxon territories around Wittenberg and Lauenburg, and the ducal title. Legend goes that when he rode in front of the emperor, at the occasion of his investiture, carrying his escutcheon with the Ballenstedt coat of arms (''barry sable and or''), Barbarossa took the Ruta graveolens, rue wreath he wore against the heat of the sun from his head, hanging it over Bernhard's shield and thus creating the Saxonian ''crancelin vert''. From about 1260, the Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg emerged under the Ascanian duke Albert II, Duke of Saxony, Albert II, who adopted the tradition of the Saxon stem duchy and especially took over the Saxon Prince-elector, electoral dignity, against the fierce protest of his Ascanian Saxe-Lauenburg cousins but confirmed by the Golden Bull of 1356. The Saxe-Wittenberg black and golden shield already displayed the Gothic art, Gothic crancelin, probably symbolizing the waiver of the Lauenburg lands. As the Ascanian Electorate of Saxony, Electors of Saxony also held the High office of an Arch-Marshal of the Holy Roman Empire, they added the ensign ''Per fess sable and argent two swords in saltire gules'' (the swords later featuring as the trademark of the Meissen swords, Meissen china factory) to their coat of arms. When the line became extinct in 1422, the arms and electoral dignity were adopted by the House of Wettin, Wettin margrave Frederick I, Elector of Saxony, Frederick IV of Meissen. When upon the German reunification the Free State of Saxony was re-established, the coat of arms was formally confirmed in 1991: The Constitution of the Free State of Saxony adopted by the Landtag on 26 May 1992 stated the country flag displays in a ninefold partitioned field of Black and Gold a right diagonal green crancelin.

Galleries

Previous versions

Ernestine duchies

United Kingdom

Belgium

Bulgaria

Spain

Liechtenstein

Luxembourg

Nazi Germany

References

{{German coats of arms Saxony German coats of arms, Saxony Culture of Saxony Duchy of Saxony Coats of arms with crancelins, Saxony Coats of arms barry, Saxony