Hepato-biliary diseases include
liver disease
Liver disease, or hepatic disease, is any of many diseases of the liver. If long-lasting it is termed chronic liver disease. Although the diseases differ in detail, liver diseases often have features in common.
Signs and symptoms
Some of the si ...
s and
biliary disease Biliary diseases include gallbladder disease and biliary tract diseases. In 2013 they resulted in 106,000 deaths up from 81,000 deaths in 1990.
__TOC__ Types
* malignant Gallbladder Cancer, neoplasm of the gallbladder
* malignant neoplasm of other p ...
s. Their study is known as
hepatology
Hepatology is the branch of medicine that incorporates the study of liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and pancreas as well as management of their disorders. Although traditionally considered a sub-specialty of gastroenterology, rapid expansion ...
.
Liver diseases
Viral hepatitis
* Acute
hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is an infectious disease of the liver caused by ''Hepatovirus A'' (HAV); it is a type of viral hepatitis. Many cases have few or no symptoms, especially in the young. The time between infection and symptoms, in those who develop them ...
* Acute
hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the '' Hepatitis B virus'' (HBV) that affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis. It can cause both acute and chronic infection.
Many people have no symptoms during an initial infection. ...
* Acute
hepatitis C
* Acute
hepatitis D
Hepatitis D is a type of viral hepatitis caused by the hepatitis delta virus (HDV). HDV is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. HDV is considered to be a satellite (a type of subviral agent) because it can propagate only in ...
– this is a superinfection with the delta-agent in a patient already infected with hepatitis B
* Acute
hepatitis E
Hepatitis E is inflammation of the liver caused by infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV); it is a type of viral hepatitis. Hepatitis E has mainly a fecal-oral transmission route that is similar to hepatitis A, although the viruses are unrel ...
* Chronic viral hepatitis
* Other viral hepatitis viruses may exist but their relation to the disease is not firmly established like the previous ones (
hepatitis F,
GB virus C,
hepatitis X)
Other infectious diseases
*
Hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue. Some people or animals with hepatitis have no symptoms, whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes ( jaundice), poor appetite, vomiting, tiredness, abdominal ...
:
**
cytomegalovirus infection
** herpesviral:
herpes simplex
Herpes simplex is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. Infections are categorized based on the part of the body infected.
Oral herpes involves the face or mouth. It may result in small blisters in groups often called col ...
infection
*
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by '' Toxoplasma gondii'', an apicomplexan. Infections with toxoplasmosis are associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric and behavioral conditions. Occasionally, people may have a few weeks or mont ...
* Hepatosplenic
schistosomiasis
*
Portal hypertension in
schistosomiasis
* Liver disease in
syphilis
*
Epstein–Barr virus
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), formally called ''Human gammaherpesvirus 4'', is one of the nine known human herpesvirus types in the herpes family, and is one of the most common viruses in humans. EBV is a double-stranded DNA virus.
It is b ...
infection
*
yellow fever
Yellow fever is a viral disease of typically short duration. In most cases, symptoms include fever, chills, loss of appetite, nausea, muscle pains – particularly in the back – and headaches. Symptoms typically improve within five days. ...
virus infection
*
rubella virus infection
*
leptospirosis
*
Echinococcosis
Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease of tapeworms of the ''Echinococcus'' type. The two main types of the disease are ''cystic echinococcosis'' and '' alveolar echinococcosis''. Less common forms include ''polycystic echinococcosis'' and ''uni ...
*
Amoebiasis
Amoebiasis, or amoebic dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by a parasitic amoeba '' Entamoeba histolytica''. Amoebiasis can be present with no, mild, or severe symptoms. Symptoms may include lethargy, loss of weight, colonic ...
Other inflammatory diseases
*
liver abscess
A liver abscess is a mass filled with pus inside the liver. Common causes are abdominal conditions such as appendicitis or diverticulitis due to haematogenous spread through the portal vein. It can also develop as a complication of a liver injury.
...
*
autoimmune hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis, formerly known as lupoid hepatitis, plasma cell hepatitis, or autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, is a chronic, autoimmune disease of the liver that occurs when the body's immune system attacks liver cells, causing the live ...
*
primary biliary cholangitis
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune disease of the liver. It results from a slow, progressive destruction of the small bile ducts of the liver, causing bile and other toxins to build ...
(
primary biliary cirrhosis)
*
phlebitis
Phlebitis (or Venitis) is inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs. It most commonly occurs in superficial veins. Phlebitis often occurs in conjunction with thrombosis and is then called thrombophlebitis or superficial thrombophlebitis. Unlike ...
of the
portal vein
* granulomatous hepatitis
**
berylliosis
Berylliosis, or chronic beryllium disease (CBD), is a chronic allergic-type lung response and chronic lung disease caused by exposure to beryllium and its compounds, a form of beryllium poisoning. It is distinct from acute beryllium poisoning, wh ...
**
sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis (also known as ''Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease'') is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as granulomata. The disease usually begins in the lungs, skin, or lymph nodes. Less commonly a ...
* nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Alcohol
This may cause fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis and Sclerosis (medicine), sclerosis leading to cirrhosis and finally liver failure.
Toxins
This includes mostly drug-induced hepatotoxicity, (DILI) which may generate many different patterns over liver disease, including
* cholestasis
* necrosis
* acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis of different forms,
* cirrhosis
Effects of Acetaminophen (Tylenol)* other rare disorders like focal nodular hyperplasia, Hepatic fibrosis, peliosis hepatis and veno-occlusive disease.
Liver damage is part of Reye syndrome.
Tumours
Malignant liver tumour, neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts. The most frequent forms are metastatic malignant neoplasm of liver)
* liver cell carcinoma
** hepatocellular carcinoma
** hepatoma
* cholangiocarcinoma
* hepatoblastoma
* angiosarcoma of liver
* Kupffer cell sarcoma
* other sarcomas of liver
Benign liver tumour, neoplasm of liver include hepatic hemangiomas, Adenoma#Liver, hepatic adenomas, and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH).
End-stage liver disease
Chronic liver diseases like chronic hepatitis, chronic alcohol abuse or chronic hepatotoxicity, toxic liver disease may cause
* liver failure and hepatorenal syndrome
* fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver
Cirrhosis may also occur in
primary biliary cirrhosis. Rarely, cirrhosis is congenital.
Metabolic diseases
* metabolic diseases (chapter E in ICD-10)
** haemochromatosis
** Wilson's disease
** Gilbert's syndrome
** Crigler–Najjar syndrome
** Dubin–Johnson syndrome
** Rotor syndrome
Vascular disorders
* chronic passive congestion of liver
* central haemorrhagic necrosis of liver
* infarction of liver
* peliosis hepatis
* veno-occlusive disease
* portal hypertension
* Budd–Chiari syndrome
Cysts
* Congenital cystic disease of the liver
* Cysts caused by Echinococcus
* Polycystic liver disease
Others
Amyloid degeneration of liver
Gallbladder and biliary tract diseases
* malignant Gall bladder#Gallbladder Cancer, neoplasm of the gallbladder
* malignant neoplasm of other parts of biliary tract
** extrahepatic bile duct
** ampulla of Vater
* cholelithiasis
* cholecystitis
* others (excluding postcholecystectomy syndrome), but including
** other obstructions of the gallbladder (like strictures)
** Edema, hydrops, perforation, fistula
** cholesterolosis
** biliary dyskinesia
* ICD-10 code K83: other diseases of the biliary tract:
** cholangitis (including ascending cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis)
** obstruction, perforation, fistula of biliary tract (bile duct)
** spasm of sphincter of Oddi
** biliary cyst
** biliary atresia
References
ICD-10 codes K70-K77: Liver Disease
{{Gastroenterology
Diseases of liver
Hepatology