Early life
Butler was the fourth son of George Butler (headmaster), George Butler, Headmaster of Harrow School and later Dean of Peterborough, and his wife Sarah Maria . He was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge, matriculating in 1851. At Cambridge he won the Browne Medal in 1853 and 1854, the Camden Medal, and the Porson Prize in 1854, and was List of presidents of the Cambridge Union, President of the Cambridge Union for Michaelmas term 1855. He graduated Bachelor of Arts, B.A. as senior classic in 1855, Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin), M.A. 1858, Doctor of Divinity, D.D. 1865. Made a Fellow of Trinity in 1855, Butler was a tutor there 1855–1859. He was ordained deacon and priest in 1859.Career
As his father had, Butler served as headmaster of Harrow School (1860 to 1885). As headmaster, he influenced many young people, including Stanley Baldwin (Prime Minister), Randall Thomas Davidson, Lord Davidson (Archbishop of Canterbury), John Galsworthy, Galsworthy of the Forsyte Saga, 10 bishops including Charles Gore, Bishop Gore, 17 judges, 4 viceroys, 12 governors, 12 ambassadors, 33 privy councillors, and 64 generals. He changed Harrow from a hide-bound and backward seventeenth century institution to a rebuilt and well-equipped contemporary school. He was then appointed Dean of Gloucester in 1885 and was also Master of Trinity College, Cambridge from 1886 to 1918, and Vice Chancellor of the University, 1889–1890. A talented and versatile Latinist, Butler achieved fame as one of the most adept British composers of Latin (and Greek) verse in the 19th and 20th centuries. He wrote one hymn, ''Lift Up Your Hearts!, Lift up your hearts! We lift them, Lord, to thee'' in 1881. He died in Cambridge on 14 January 1918.Trivia
Shane Leslie described him as "the Master of Trinity, a bland Olympian in a black skull-cap with a white Jovine beard and an untiring flow of the lengthy anecdotes that are told in Heaven after the nectar has gone round twice.” Butler's desk was donated to Duke University Medical Center, Duke Hospital by Dr. William John Dann in March 1938. After it had been moved to storage, circumstances led the school to refinish it and hence to discover the plaque telling of its historical significance. Henry Montagu Butler was the first cousin once removed to Montagu C. Butler, Montagu Christie Butler, with whom he may easily be confused if either is referred to simply as "Montagu Butler". He was also the brother of schoolmaster George Butler (1819–1890), George Butler, whose wife was the social reformer Josephine Butler, and the great-uncle of Rab Butler, Richard Austen 'Rab' Butler, who also became Master of Trinity. A. C. Benson recounted how Butler fell asleep during a College meeting and awoke with the emphatic observation, "A strong case, tellingly put".Family
Butler married twice. Firstly, on 19 December 1861, to Georgina Isabella Elliot (1839–1883), with issue: *Agnes Isabel Butler (1865–1949), married Edmund Whytehead Howson *Edward Montagu Butler (1866–1948), first-class cricketer and father of Olympic gold medallist Guy Butler (athlete), Guy Montagu Butler *Edith Violet Butler (1869–1887) *Arthur Hugh Montagu Butler (1873–1943), House of Lords Librarian *Gertrude Maud Butler (1880–1933), married Bernard Morley-Fletcher Secondly, in August 1888 at St George's Hanover Square Church, St George's, Hanover Square, aged 55, Butler married Agnata Butler, Agnata Frances Ramsay (1867–1931), a 21-year-old classicist who in 1887 attained the highest marks in the Classical Tripos at Cambridge. They had issue: *Sir J. R. M. Butler, James Ramsay Montagu Butler (1889–1975), politician *Gordon Kerr Montagu Butler (1891–1916), killed in action in the First World War *Sir Nevile Butler, Nevile Montagu Butler (1893–1973), diplomatNotes
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