Early life
He was born in Lyon, France, in 1904 to a British mother, Rose Calmann and a German-Jewish father, Théodore Friedlaender, who was a silk merchant. His sister was the ceramic artist Marguerite Wildenhain. When he was six years old the family moved to Berlin where he attended the Mommsen-Gymnasium. In 1925, he moved to Leipzig, where he studied calligraphy and printing in Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig, Leipzig Academy of Graphic Arts.Career and personal life
In 1930, Friedlaender started working on the Hebrew typeface Hadassah in Germany. He later worked with Bibliotheca Teubneriana#Benedictus Gotthelf Teubner, B. G. Teubner and with Wirth in Dresden, with Jakob Hegner in Hellerau, and for the Klingspor Type Foundry with Max Dorn. After working with Rudolf Koch he became a typography, typographic designer with Hartung in Hamburg and later a printer and manager with Haag-Drugulin in Leipzig with Ernst Kellner. In 1932, Friedlaender immigrated to the Netherlands where he worked as art director of Drukkerij Mouton & Co. in The Hague. In 1940 Friedlaender married Maria Helena Bruhn, a gymnastics teacher. Due to the Nazi occupation restrictions he had to stop his professional activities and hide in the attic of his house in Wassenaar. Between 1940 and 1945 he was totally isolated, communicating only with his wife who, herself not being Jewish, could overtly make a living. In these years he continued to work for the Exilliteratur publishers Querido and Allert de LangPrizes and awards
*1937 - Silver medal: Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne *1950 - Buchpreis (Duwaer-Prijs) der Stadt Amsterdam *1954 - La Triennale di Milano *1959 - Internationale Buchkunst Ausstellung in Leipzig *1971 - Gutenberg Prize of the International Gutenberg Society and the City of Mainz, Gutenberg Prize.Editor. (1971). News and Notes. ''Quaerendo.'' 1(4): 308-315.Solo exhibitions
* Israel Museum - 1973 * Tel Aviv Museum of Art - 1985Writings by
* Die Vorbilder der Mediäval und der Antiqua, Archiv für Buchgewerbe und Gebrauchsgraphik, Leipzig: Deutsche Buchgewerbeverein., 1927, 10/12, pp. 726–730 * Die Buchbinderinnen Dorothea und Katharina Freise, Archiv für Buchgewerbe und Gebrauchsgraphik, Leipzig: Deutsche Buchgewerbeverein., May 1932, pp. 227–232 * Moderne holländische Druckschriften, Schweizer Graphische Mitteilungen (journal), to 1951. See also Typographische Monatsblätter. Aug. 1948, pp. 336–339 (brief Eng. summary pp. 359, 361) * Philobiblon, 1933, p. 1 (self-advertisement) * Typografisch ABC, Den Haag, 1939 (written for apprentices at Mouton) (Dutch) * De Overweldiger. Hoofdstuk I en II van het boek Habakuk vertaald door Henri Friedlaender (1945) (Dutch) * Zijn einde. Jesaja XIV: 3-21 vertaald door Henri Friedlaender (1945) (Dutch) * Der Knecht Gottes, (introduction + commentary) Pulvis Viarum (1947) (German) * Kerstnummer Drukkersweekblad, Winter 1948 (Dutch) * Typographie oder Gebrauchsgraphik?, Schweizer Graphische Mitteilungen (journal), to 1951. See also Typographische Monatsblätter, June 1948, pp. 257–264 (German) * Toward a Modern Hebrew. ''Printing & Graphic Arts.'' February(1959): 49–56. * Modern Hebrew Typefaces. ''Typographica.'' 16(1959): 4–9. * The history of numerals. ''Typographica.'' 1(1960): 48–53. * On Letters and Digits. Hadassah Printing School, Jerusalem, 1960. (Hebrew) * Book Craft. Hadassah Printing School, Jerusalem, 1962. (Hebrew) * Modern Hebrew lettering. ''Ariel: A quarterly review of the arts and sciences in Israel.'' 4(1962): 6–15. ''Print.'' Jan./Feb.(1964): 81. (Typography – USA seminar). * Training by production. ''Penrose Annual.'' (1965): 167–173. * Die Entstehung meiner Hadassah-Hebräisch, Hamburg: Sichowsky/Christians, 1967. (translated into English: The Making of Hadassah Hebrew. ''The Typophiles Keepsake.'' 1975. ''Israel Bibliophiles newsletter.'' 4(1984): 1–4.). * Von dem Möglichkeiten und den Notwendigkeiten künftiger Buchgestaltung (HF as participant in a symposium with Jan Tschichold and others), Hamburg: Sichowsky/Christians, 1970 (German). * Dankwort - Gutenberg Preis, Gutenberg Gesellschaft, Mainz (1971) (German) * Contribution to Richard von Sichowsky, Typograph, 1985 * Color Theory for Printers, 1994 (Hebrew)Writings about
* Henri Friedlaender: Typography and Lettering, Jerusalem: Israel Museum. Library Hall. February–March, 1973. Cat. no. 105. * Henri Friedlaender: Gutenberg Prize Winner. ''Israel Book World.'' 5(September 1971): 9–11. * Wer ist wer? ''Schweizer Graphische Mitteilungen'' (journal), to 1951. See also ''Typographische Monatsblätter.'' July(1949): 321. * Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon, Munich/Leipzig: K.G. Saur Verlag, 1990-., 2005. * Avrin, Leila. ''The art of the Hebrew book in the twentieth century.'' In [49], pages 125–139. * Blumenthal, Joseph. ''Typographic Years: a Printer's Journey Through a Half Century 1925-1975.'' New York: Frederic C. Beil, 1982. * Broos, Kees, and Hefting, Paul. ''Dutch Graphic Design.'' London: Phaidon, 1993, pp. 126, 127, 146. * Fischer, Ernst and others, Buchgestaltung im Exil 1933–1950. Eine Ausstellung des Deutschen Exilarchivs 1933–1945 Der Deutschen Bibliothek. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2003. pp. 38, 40, 95, and biog. pp. 160–161 * Fontaine, William C. The Hadassah type at Dartmouth’s Graphic Arts Workshop in Baker Library. oFurther reading
*References
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