Heinrich Berghaus
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Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus (3 May 1797 – 17 February 1884) was a German
geographer A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts. The Greek prefix "geo" means "earth" a ...
and cartographer who conducted trigonometric surveys in Prussia and taught geodesy at the Bauakademie in Berlin. He taught cartography and produced a pioneering and influential thematic atlas which provided maps of flora, fauna, climate, geology, diseases and a range of other information. He was a friend of
Alexander von Humboldt Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 17696 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister, ...
and produced some of the maps used in his publications. A nephew Hermann Berghaus also worked in cartography.


Life

Berghaus was born at
Kleve Kleve (; traditional en, Cleves ; nl, Kleef; french: Clèves; es, Cléveris; la, Clivia; Low Rhenish: ''Kleff'') is a town in the Lower Rhine region of northwestern Germany near the Dutch border and the River Rhine. From the 11th century ...
. He was trained as a surveyor, and after volunteering for active service under General Tauentzien in 1813, joined the staff of the
Prussian Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an e ...
trigonometrical survey in 1816. He carried on a geographical school at
Potsdam Potsdam () is the capital and, with around 183,000 inhabitants, largest city of the German state of Brandenburg. It is part of the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region. Potsdam sits on the River Havel, a tributary of the Elbe, downstream o ...
where he trained Heinrich Lange,
August Heinrich Petermann Augustus Heinrich Petermann (18 April 182225 September 1878) was a German cartographer. Early years Petermann was born in Bleicherode, Germany. When he was 14 years old he started grammar school in the nearby town of Nordhausen. His mother wa ...
, his nephew Hermann Berghaus and others, and long held the professorship of
applied mathematics Applied mathematics is the application of mathematical methods by different fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology, finance, business, computer science, and industry. Thus, applied mathematics is a combination of mathemati ...
at the Bauakademie. He died at Stettin (Szczecin) on 17 February 1884. He is most famous for his cartographic work. His greatest achievement was the ''Physikalischer Atlas'' (Gotha, 1838–1848), with which, as in others, his nephew Hermann Berghaus (1828–1890) was associated with him. This atlas was used to illustrate
Alexander von Humboldt Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 17696 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister, ...
's ''
Cosmos The cosmos (, ) is another name for the Universe. Using the word ''cosmos'' implies viewing the universe as a complex and orderly system or entity. The cosmos, and understandings of the reasons for its existence and significance, are studied in ...
''. It was planned to publish this atlas in Britain too, together with Alexander Keith Johnston, but it later was published in a different form by Johnston alone. Berghaus had also a share in the re-issue of the great Stieler ''Handatlas'' (originally produced by
Adolf Stieler Adolf Stieler (26 February 177513 March 1836) was a German cartographer and lawyer who worked most of his life in the Justus Perthes Geographical Institute in Gotha. Although he studied law and would serve in government for his entire career, h ...
in 1817–1823, see:
Stielers Handatlas ''Stielers Handatlas'' (after Adolf Stieler, 1775–1836), formally titled ''Hand-Atlas über alle Theile der Erde und über das Weltgebäude'' (''Handy atlas of all parts of the world and of the universe''), was the leading German world atlas ...
), and in the production of other atlases. The sections of the ''Physikalischer Atlas'' were: * Section I. Meteorology and Climatology (15 maps) * Section II. Hydrology and Hydrography (16) * Section III. Geology (15) * Section IV. Telluric Magnetism (5) * Section V. Geography of Botany (6) * Section VI. Geography of Zoology (12) * Section VII. Anthropology (4) * Section VIII. Ethnography (19) Berghaus's written works were numerous and important, including ''Allgemeine Länder- und Völkerkunde'' (Stuttgart, 1837–1840), ''Grundriss der Geographie in fünf Büchern'' (Berlin, 1842), ''Die Völker des Erdballs'' (Leipzig, 1845–1847), ''Was man von der Erde weiß'' (Berlin, 1856–1860), and various large works on Germany. In 1863 he published ''Briefwechsel mit Alexander von Humboldt'' (Leipzig). In 1838, Berghaus became a correspondent, living abroad, of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands. When that institute became the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1851 he became a foreign member. Berghaus is the namesake of Berghaus Island, one of the islands of the
Franz Josef Land Franz Josef Land, Frantz Iosef Land, Franz Joseph Land or Francis Joseph's Land ( rus, Земля́ Фра́нца-Ио́сифа, r=Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa, no, Fridtjof Nansen Land) is a Russian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. It is inhabited on ...
Arctic archipelago.


Works

;Magazines and other literature edited with his participation * ''Hertha'' (mit K. F. V. Hoffmann, 1825–1829) * ''Annalen der Erd-, Völker- und Staatenkunde'' (Berlin 1830–43, 28 volumes) * ''Almanach, den Freunden der Erdkunde gewidmet'' (vol. 1–3, Stuttgart 1837–39; vol. 4 and 5, Gotha 1840–41) * ''Geographische Jahrbuch'' (vol. 1–4, Stuttgart 1850–1852; continued as '' Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen''). ;Monographs (excerpt) * ''Allgemeine Länder- und Völkerkunde'' (Stuttgart 1837–40, 5 volumes) * ''Grundriß der Geographie in fünf Büchern'' (Berlin 1842
online
* ** * ''Die Völker des Erdballs'' (Leipzig 1845–47, 2 volumes; new edition 1862) * ''Die Grundlinien der Ethnographie'' (Stuttgart 1850, 2nd ed., 1856) * ''Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg und des Markgraftums Niederlausitz'' (Brandenburg 1853–56, 3 volumes) ** Vol. 1, VI + 684 pages, 1854
online
** Vol. 2, IX + 650 pages, 1855
online
** Vol. 3, VI + 783 pages, 1856
online
+ CVIII pages ''Register'' + ''Corrigenda''. * ''Was man von der Erde weiß'' (Berlin 1856–1860, 4 volumes) * ''Deutschland seit hundert Jahren - Geschichte der Gebiets-Einteilung und der politischen Verfassung des Vaterlandes'' (Leipzig 1859–62, 5 volumes) ** Part I: ''Deutschland vor hundert Jahren'' *** Vol. 1: Leipzig 1859, 448 pages
online.
*** Vol 2: Leipzig 1860, 440 pages
online.
** Part II: ''Deutschland vor fünfzig Jahren'' *** Vol. 1: ''Zustände vom baierschen Erbfolge-Streit, 1778, bis zum Reichsdeputations-Receß, 1803''. Leipzig 1861, VI + 406 pages
online
*** Vol. 2: (Entwicklungen von 1803 bis 1809). Leipzig 1861, IV + 412 pages
online
*** Vol. 3: (Entwicklungen von 1809 bis 1813). Leipzig 1862, IV + 426 pages
online.
* ''Wallfahrt durch's Leben ...'' (Berghaus' autobiografische Erinnerungen) Leipzig, 1862 (vol. 1 + 2
online
(Vol. 3 - 289 pages
online
(Vol. 4 - 236 pages
online
(Vol. 5 - 269 pages
online
(Vol. 6 - 228 pages
online
(Vol. 7 - 245 pages
online
(Vol. 8 - 230 pages
online
(Vol. 9 - 256 pages
online
* ''Briefwechsel mit
Alexander von Humboldt Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 17696 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister, ...
'', 3 volumes (Leipzig 1863) * ''Blücher als Mitglied der Pommerschen Ritterschaft 1777-1817 und beim Preußischen Heere am Rhein 1794''. Anklam 1863
online
* ''Landbuch des Herzogtums Pommern - Schilderung der Zustände dieser Lande in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts'' (Anklam 1862–1868, 13 volumes), including: ** Part II: ''Landbuch des Herzogtums Stettin, von Kammin und Hinterpommern; oder des Verwaltungsbezirks der Königlichen Regierung zu Stettin''. *** Vol. 1: ''Kreise Demmin, Anklam, Usedom-Wollin und Ueckermünde''. Anklam 1865, 1094 pages
online.
*** Vol. 2: ''Randowscher Kreis und Allgemeines über die Kreise auf dem linken Oder-Ufer'', Anklam 1865
online.
*** Vol. 3: ''Kreise Greifenhagen und Pyritz'', Anklam 1868
online.
*** Vol. 4: ''Saatziger Kreis, insbesondere Stadt Stargard'', Anklam 1867,
online.
** Part III: ''Landbuch des Herzogtums Kaschubien und der einverleibten Kreise der Neumark; oder des Verwaltungs-Bezirks der Königlichen Regierung zu Köslin westlicher Teil''. *** Vol. 1: ''Kreise Fürstentum Kammin und Belgard''. Anklam 1867
online
**Part IV: ''Landbuch von Neu-Vorpommern und der Insel Rügen, oder des Verwaltungs-Bezirks der Königlichen Regierung zu Stralsund''. *** Vol. 2 ''Greifswalder Kreis'', Anklam 1868, 1232 pages
online.
* ''Geschichte der Stadt Stettin, der Hauptstadt von Pommern - Topographisch-statistisch beschrieben nach allen Richtungen ihres politischen, bürgerlichen, merkantilischen und kirchlichen Lebens'' (Berlin/Wriezen 1875–76, 2 volumes) ** Vol. 1, 1102 pages ** Vol 2, 1115 pages ;Atlas * ''Asia, Sammlung von Denkschriften in Beziehung auf die Geo- und Hydrographie dieses Erdtheils; zur Erklärung und Erläuterung seines Karten-Atlas zusammengetragen'' 1835. Map of Syria (No. 5 of Berghaus' Atlas of Asia):
Karte von Syrien, den Manen Jacotin's und Burckhardt's gewidmet
' at the
National Library of Israel The National Library of Israel (NLI; he, הספרייה הלאומית, translit=HaSifria HaLeumit; ar, المكتبة الوطنية في إسرائيل), formerly Jewish National and University Library (JNUL; he, בית הספרים הלא ...
.


Notes


References

* Jürgen Espenhorst: ''Petermann’s Planet, A Guide to German Handatlases.'' Vol. 1: ''The great handatlases'', Pangaea, Schwerte 2003, , pp. 365–385. * * Kärstin Weirauch: ''Berghaus, Heinrich Karl Wilhelm''. In: Friedrich Beck,
Eckart Henning Eckart is a German surname, and may refer to: * Anselm Eckart (1721–1809), German Jesuit missionary * Carl Eckart * Dennis E. Eckart (born 1950), American lawyer, former member of the U.S. House of Representatives * Dietrich Eckart (1868–1923) ...
(eds.): ''Brandenburgisches Biographisches Lexikon'' (= ''Einzelveröffentlichung der Brandenburgischen Historischen Kommission e.V.'' Vol. 5). Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Potsdam 2002, , p. 43 ff. * J. T.: ''Berghaus, Heinrich Karl Wilhelm''. In: ''
Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon Thieme-Becker is a German biographical dictionary of artists. Thieme-Becker The dictionary was begun under the editorship of Ulrich Thieme (1865–1922) (volumes one to fifteen) and Felix Becker (1864–1928) (volumes one to four). It was complet ...
''. Band 9, Saur, Munich/Leipzig 1994, , p. 383 ff. * ;Attribution *


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Berghaus, Heinrich 1797 births 1884 deaths People from Kleve People from the Duchy of Cleves German cartographers Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Prussian Army personnel 19th-century German people 19th-century geographers