The Heidelberg University Faculty of Law (also known as Heidelberg Law School), located in

Heidelberg Heidelberg (; Palatine German: ') is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany. As of the 2016 census, its population was 159,914, of which roughly a quarter consisted of students ...

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwee ...

, is one of the original four constituent faculties of

Heidelberg University } Heidelberg University, officially the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, (german: Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; la, Universitas Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis) is a public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, ...

. Founded in 1386 by

Rupert I, Elector Palatine Rupert I "the Red", Elector Palatine (; 9 June 1309, Wolfratshausen – 16 February 1390, Neustadt an der Weinstraße) was Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1353 to 1356, and Elector Palatine from 10 January 1356 to 16 February 1390. He was th ...

, it is the oldest

law school A law school (also known as a law centre or college of law) is an institution specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a lawyer within a given jurisdiction. Law degrees Argentina In Argentina, ...

in Germany.

Academics

Besides the

first professional degree A professional degree, formerly known in the US as a first professional degree, is a degree that prepares someone to work in a particular profession, practice, or industry sector often meeting the academic requirements for licensure or accreditatio ...

in law, and various doctoral programs, the school offers a general

Master of Laws A Master of Laws (M.L. or LL.M.; Latin: ' or ') is an advanced postgraduate academic degree, pursued by those either holding an undergraduate academic law degree, a professional law degree, or an undergraduate degree in a related subject. In mo ...

(LL.M.) program for foreign-educated lawyers, a specialized LL.M. in corporate restructuring, as well as a specialized LL.M. in international law, the latter being offered exclusively at the Heidelberg Center in

Santiago, Chile Santiago (, ; ), also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile as well as one of the largest cities in the Americas. It is the center of Chile's most densely populated region, the Santiago Metropolitan Region, whose ...

. Teaching is delivered through

lecture A lecture (from Latin ''lēctūra'' “reading” ) is an oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject, for example by a university or college teacher. Lectures are used to convey critical infor ...

tutorial A tutorial, in education, is a method of transferring knowledge and may be used as a part of a learning process. More interactive and specific than a book or a lecture, a tutorial seeks to teach by example and supply the information to complete ...

Moot court Moot court is a co-curricular activity at many law schools. Participants take part in simulated court or arbitration proceedings, usually involving drafting memorials or memoranda and participating in oral argument. In most countries, the phrase " ...

s and

seminar A seminar is a form of academic instruction, either at an academic institution or offered by a commercial or professional organization. It has the function of bringing together small groups for recurring meetings, focusing each time on some parti ...

s. The school also runs the ''Max Planck Research School for Successful Dispute Resolution in International Law'' in cooperation with the Max Planck Institute for International Law. Law students have to cover a wide range of compulsory subjects. After the intermediate examination, they can choose one of eleven elective subjects ("Schwerpunktbereiche"), in Heidelberg:

Legal history Legal history or the history of law is the study of how law has evolved and why it has changed. Legal history is closely connected to the development of civilisations and operates in the wider context of social history. Certain jurists and histo ...

and Historical Comparative Law;

Criminal Law Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime. It prescribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people inclusive of one's self. Most criminal law ...

and

Criminology Criminology (from Latin , "accusation", and Ancient Greek , ''-logia'', from λόγος ''logos'' meaning: "word, reason") is the study of crime and deviant behaviour. Criminology is an interdisciplinary field in both the behavioural and s ...

; German and European

Administrative Law Administrative law is the division of law that governs the activities of executive branch agencies of government. Administrative law concerns executive branch rule making (executive branch rules are generally referred to as " regulations"), ...

;

Labor Law Labour laws (also known as labor laws or employment laws) are those that mediate the relationship between workers, employing entities, trade unions, and the government. Collective labour law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee ...

and Social Legislation;

Tax Law Tax law or revenue law is an area of legal study in which public or sanctioned authorities, such as federal, state and municipal governments (as in the case of the US) use a body of rules and procedures (laws) to assess and collect taxes in a ...

; Business Law;

Commercial Law Commercial law, also known as mercantile law or trade law, is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and business engaged in commerce, merchandising, trade, and sales. It is often considered to be a branc ...

and

European Community Law European Union law is a system of rules operating within the member states of the European Union (EU). Since the founding of the European Coal and Steel Community following World War II, the EU has developed the aim to "promote peace, its valu ...

;

Civil Procedure Civil procedure is the body of law that sets out the rules and standards that courts follow when adjudicating civil lawsuits (as opposed to procedures in criminal law matters). These rules govern how a lawsuit or case may be commenced; what kin ...

;

Conflict of Laws Conflict of laws (also called private international law) is the set of rules or laws a jurisdiction applies to a case, transaction, or other occurrence that has connections to more than one jurisdiction. This body of law deals with three broad ...

;

Public International Law International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognized as binding between states. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework for ...

; Health Care Law. Thomas Lobinger and the exam preparation course "HeidelPräp!" won the Ars legendi-Award 2014 for excellence in higher education didactics, donated by Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft and

German Rectors' Conference The German Rectors' Conference/Hochschulrektorenkonferenz (HRK) is the voluntary association of state and state-recognised universities and other higher education institutions in Germany. It currently has 257 member institutions at which more than ...

. Heidelberg is home of Germany's oldest student

law review A law review or law journal is a scholarly journal or publication that focuses on legal issues. A law review is a type of legal periodical. Law reviews are a source of research, imbedded with analyzed and referenced legal topics; they also p ...

"'' ''StudZR''''". The main research interests of the faculty center around the harmonisation of

private Private or privates may refer to: Music * " In Private", by Dusty Springfield from the 1990 album ''Reputation'' * Private (band), a Denmark-based band * "Private" (Ryōko Hirosue song), from the 1999 album ''Private'', written and also recorde ...

and

public law Public law is the part of law that governs relations between legal persons and a government, between different institutions within a state, between different branches of governments, as well as relationships between persons that are of direct ...

at a European and international level; the ongoing refinement and adaptation of

commercial Commercial may refer to: * a dose of advertising conveyed through media (such as - for example - radio or television) ** Radio advertisement ** Television advertisement * (adjective for:) commerce, a system of voluntary exchange of products and s ...

fiscal Fiscal usually refers to government finance. In this context, it may refer to: Economics * Fiscal policy, use of government expenditure to influence economic development * Fiscal policy debate * Fiscal adjustment, a reduction in the government ...

and

labor Labour or labor may refer to: * Childbirth, the delivery of a baby * Labour (human activity), or work ** Manual labour, physical work ** Wage labour, a socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer ** Organized labour and the la ...

legislation Legislation is the process or result of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating laws by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body. Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill, and may be broadly referred to ...

; the design of a legal framework for dealing with issues posed by statehood and European and global

transnationality Transnationality is the principle of acting at a geographical scale larger than that of states, so as to take into account the interests of a supranational entity. Transnational policies or programmes are not simply aggregations of national poli ...

;

criminology Criminology (from Latin , "accusation", and Ancient Greek , ''-logia'', from λόγος ''logos'' meaning: "word, reason") is the study of crime and deviant behaviour. Criminology is an interdisciplinary field in both the behavioural and s ...

; and the history of law.

Reputation and admission

For centuries Heidelberg has been one of the preeminent

s in Germany, today regularly placing at or near the top of various German law school rankings. In the 2020

QS World University Rankings ''QS World University Rankings'' is an annual publication of university rankings by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS). The QS system comprises three parts: the global overall ranking, the subject rankings (which name the world's top universities for th ...

by subjects Heidelberg Law ranks 51–100 globally, down from rank 24 in 2014. In the 2020

CHE University Ranking The ''CHE University Ranking'' (german: CHE Hochschulranking) is an annual ranking of German universities and colleges. It is a subject‐specific, multidimensional system aimed at providing information for students, with its main emphasis on te ...

, Heidelberg University is in the top group with regard to support in the study entry phase and doctorates per professor. The school accepts less than one in ten applicants for the first professional degree program, and consistently has the highest number of applicants per place of all German law schools. Admission decisions for the first professional degree course are based on the

Abitur ''Abitur'' (), often shortened colloquially to ''Abi'', is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Germany. It is conferred on students who pass their final exams at the end of ISCED 3, usually after twelve or thirteen ye ...

GPA; the Abitur grades in German, mathematics, and in the first foreign language; as well as on other individual merits. Admission to graduate degrees is based on the results of the previous law degree and if applying for doctoral studies, the candidate's demonstrated capacity to pursue independently original research.

Institutes

* Institute for History of Law * Institute for Foreign and International Private and Economic Law * Institute for German and European Corporate and Economic Law * Institute for German and European Technology and Environmental Law * Institute for Criminology * Institute for German and European Public and Administrative Law * Institute for Financial and Tax Law * Institute for Medical Law * Associate:

Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law The Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law (Max Planck Institute for International Law, MPIL) is a legal research institute located in Heidelberg, Germany. It is operated by the Max Planck Society. The institute w ...

Professors

Professors in Ordinary Emeriti (Selection) Kirchhof

* Prof. Dr. iur. Winfried Brugger, LL.M (U.C. Berkeley) † * Prof. Dr. iur. Dres. h.c. Karl Doehring † * Prof. Dr. iur. Dres. h.c. Werner F. Ebke, LL.M. (U.C. Berkeley) * Prof. Dr. iur. Ludwig Häsemeyer * Prof. Dr. iur. Dr. h.c. Thomas Hillenkamp * Prof. Dr. iur. Dres. h.c. Peter Hommelhoff, former president of Heidelberg University,

KPMG KPMG International Limited (or simply KPMG) is a multinational professional services network, and one of the Big Four accounting organizations. Headquartered in Amstelveen, Netherlands, although incorporated in London, England, KPMG is a net ...

* Prof. Dr. iur. Gerrick v. Hoyningen-Huene * Prof. Dr. iur. Dr. h.c. Othmar Jauernig † * Prof. Dr. iur. Dr. h.c. mult.

Erik Jayme Erik Jayme (born 8 June 1934, in Montreal) is a German jurist. Until his retirement in 2002 he was professor of Private Law, Private International Law and Comparative Law at the University of Heidelberg. From 1997 to 1999 he served as president of ...

* Prof. Dr. iur. Dres. h.c. Paul Kirchhof * Prof. Dr. iur. Wilfried Küper * Prof. Dr. iur. Dres. h. c. Herbert Kronke, Chairman in the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal in The Hague * Prof. Dr. iur. Karl Lackner † * Prof. Dr. iur. Dr. h.c. Adolf Laufs †, former president of Heidelberg University * Prof. Dr. iur. Dr. med. Heinz Leferenz † * Prof. Dr. iur. Olaf Miehe † * Prof. Dr. iur. Friedrich Müller * Prof. Dr. iur. Reinhard Mußgnug * Prof. Dr. iur. Fritz Nicklisch * Prof. Dr. iur. Dres. h.c. Eberhard Schmidt-Aßmann * Prof. Dr. iur. Hans Schneider † * Prof. Dr. iur. Helmut Steinberger † * Prof. Dr. iur. Dres. h.c. mult. Peter Ulmer, former president of Heidelberg University * Prof. Dr. iur. Dr. h.c. Rüdiger Wolfrum, former president of the

International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea International is an adjective (also used as a noun) meaning "between nations". International may also refer to: Music Albums * ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * ''International'' (New Order album), 2002 * ''International'' (The T ...

. Honorary professors (Selection) * Prof. Dr. iur. Christian Duve * Prof. Dr. iur. Hans-Jürgen Hellwig,

Hengeler Mueller Hengeler Mueller is a German law firm of about 320 lawyers. The firm maintains offices in Berlin, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt am Main, Munich, Brussels and London. The firm was created in 1990 when Hengeler Kurth Wirtz (founded 1901 in Düsseldorf) and ...

* Prof. Dr. Stephan Harbarth, LL.M. (Yale), President of the Federal Constitutional Court (

Bundesverfassungsgericht The Federal Constitutional Court (german: link=no, Bundesverfassungsgericht ; abbreviated: ) is the supreme constitutional court for the Federal Republic of Germany, established by the constitution or Basic Law () of Germany. Since its inc ...

) * Prof. Dr. iur. Burkhard Hess,

Max Planck Society The Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (german: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e. V.; abbreviated MPG) is a formally independent non-governmental and non-profit association of German research institutes. ...

Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law * Prof. Dr. iur. Carl-Heinz Heuer, Feddersen, Heuer & Partner * Prof. Dr. iur. Bernd Heuermann, Presiding Judge at the Bundesfinanzhof (Federal Fiscal Court) * Prof. Dr. iur. Claus Meissner, Former President of the Administrative Court of Baden-Württemberg in Mannheim * Prof. Dr. iur. Anne Peters, LL.M. (Harvard), Director of

* Prof. Dr. iur. Gerald Rittershaus, Rittershaus

Statistics

The school comprises 2.764

student A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution. In the United Kingdom and most commonwealth countries, a "student" attends a secondary school or higher (e.g., college or university); those in primary or elementa ...

s, including 2.396 students pursuing the first legal examination, 241 doctoral students and 96

students. Ten percent of the student body are international students. As of 2014, the law school's faculty consists of 62

full professors Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an Academy, academic rank at university, universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin as a "person who pr ...

, excluding assistant professors, graduate research and teaching assistants, adjunct faculty, and

visiting scholar In academia, a visiting scholar, visiting researcher, visiting fellow, visiting lecturer, or visiting professor is a scholar from an institution who visits a host university to teach, lecture, or perform research on a topic for which the visitor ...

s. In 2012, the school raised 790,000 EUR in third-party funds. In Germany, regularly thirty percent of the candidates fail the First Legal Examination, and only 10 percent achieve a distinction. At Heidelberg Law School, the failure rate is only 20 percent and more than 20 percent graduate with distinction in the statewide final exam.

International cooperations

The school has student exchange agreements and research cooperations with some 40 partner universities, and it has established a professorial exchange program with the

Georgetown University Law Center The Georgetown University Law Center (Georgetown Law) is the law school of Georgetown University, a private research university in Washington, D.C. It was established in 1870 and is the largest law school in the United States by enrollment and ...

. In addition, it co-runs the School of German Law at the Jagiellonian University of Kraków, and it is actively involved in the development of the German-speaking Andrássy University of Budapest.

Noted people

Among the school's noted alumni in government are three

Chancellors of Germany The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany,; often shortened to ''Bundeskanzler''/''Bundeskanzlerin'', / is the head of the federal government of Germany and the commander in chief of the G ...

, a

Prime Minister of Belgium german: Premierminister von Belgien , insignia = State Coat of Arms of Belgium.svg , insigniasize = 100px , insigniacaption = Coat of arms , insigniaalt = , flag = Government ...

and

Nobel Peace Laureate The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor and armaments (military weapons and equipment) manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiolo ...

, a

Prime Minister of Bulgaria The prime minister of Bulgaria ( bg, Министър-председател, Ministar-predsedatel) is the head of government of Bulgaria. They are the leader of a political coalition in the Bulgarian parliament – known as the National Asse ...

, a Prince Regent of Thailand, a

Secretary General of NATO The secretary general of NATO is the chief civil servant of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The officeholder is an international diplomat responsible for coordinating the workings of the alliance, leading NATO's international staff ...

, two Federal Ministers of Justice, a Federal Minister of the Interior, a Federal Minister of Defense, a Federal Minister of Education and Research, and two Nazi-era ministers. Besides numerous Federal Judges, alumni in judiciary include 17

Justices A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a panel of judges. A judge hears all the witnesses and any other evidence presented by the barristers or solicitors of the case, assesses the credibility an ...

of the

Federal Constitutional Court of Germany The Federal Constitutional Court (german: link=no, Bundesverfassungsgericht ; abbreviated: ) is the supreme constitutional court for the Federal Republic of Germany, established by the constitution or Basic Law () of Germany. Since its in ...

including three vice presidents of the court, a President of the

International Court of Justice The International Court of Justice (ICJ; french: Cour internationale de justice, links=no; ), sometimes known as the World Court, is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN). It settles disputes between states in accordanc ...

, two Presidents of the

European Court of Human Rights The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR or ECtHR), also known as the Strasbourg Court, is an international court of the Council of Europe which interprets the European Convention on Human Rights. The court hears applications alleging that ...

, a President of the

Federal Court of Justice of Germany The Federal Court of Justice (german: Bundesgerichtshof, BGH) is the highest court in the system of ordinary jurisdiction (''ordentliche Gerichtsbarkeit'') in Germany, founded in 1950. It has its seat in Karlsruhe with two panels being situat ...

, a President of the Federal Labor Court of Germany, a Vice President of the

International Criminal Court The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal seated in The Hague, Netherlands. It is the first and only permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals f ...

, two Vice Presidents of the OSCE Court of Conciliation and Arbitration, two Attorneys General of Germany, an Advocate General at the European Court of Justice, a Justice in the Supreme Court of the Philippines, and a British

Law Lord Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, commonly known as Law Lords, were judges appointed under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 to the British House of Lords, as a committee of the House, effectively to exercise the judicial functions of the House o ...

. Other famous alumni include the

national poet A national poet or national bard is a poet held by tradition and popular acclaim to represent the identity, beliefs and principles of a particular national culture. The national poet as culture hero is a long-standing symbo ...

of Pakistan Sir Muhammad Iqbal and classical composer Robert Schumann. RadbruchGustav

Among the Heidelberg law scholars in the 19th and 20th centuries were Anton Friedrich Justus Thibaut, Bernhard Windscheid, Johann Caspar Bluntschli,

Georg Jellinek Georg Jellinek (16 June 1851 – 12 January 1911) was a German public lawyer and was considered to be "''the'' exponent of public law in Austria“. Life From 1867, Jellinek studied law, history of art and philosophy at the University of Vienna ...

Otto von Gierke Otto Friedrich von Gierke, born Otto Friedrich Gierke (11 January 1841 – 10 October 1921) was a German legal scholar and historian. He is considered today as one of the most influential and important legal scholars of the 19th and 20th century. ...

Gerhard Anschütz Gerhard Anschütz (10 January 1867 in Halle (Saale) – 14 April 1948 in Heidelberg) was a noted German teacher of constitutional law and the leading commentator of the Weimar Constitution. His principal work (with Richard Thoma) is the two ...

and

Gustav Radbruch Gustav Radbruch (21 November 1878 – 23 November 1949) was a German legal scholar and politician. He served as Minister of Justice of Germany during the early Weimar period. Radbruch is also regarded as one of the most influential legal philoso ...

. The law school's present professors include former Justice of the

Paul Kirchhof, former President of the

Rüdiger Wolfrum, former Secretary General of

UNIDROIT UNIDROIT (formally, the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law; French: ''Institut international pour l'unification du droit privé'') is an intergovernmental organization whose objective is to harmonize international privat ...

and sitting chairman in the

Iran–United States Claims Tribunal The Iran–United States Claims Tribunal (IUSCT) is an international arbitral tribunal established by the Algiers Accords, an international agreement between the U.S. and Iran embodied in two Declarations by the Government of the Democratic and ...

Herbert Kronke, and sitting President of the

European Nuclear Energy Tribunal The European Nuclear Energy Tribunal (ENET) is an international tribunal, established 1 January 1960, that operates under the auspices of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Its member states are Austria, Belgium, D ...

Armin von Bogdandy. Also, many Heidelberg law professors frequently act as

consultants A consultant (from la, consultare "to deliberate") is a professional (also known as ''expert'', ''specialist'', see variations of meaning below) who provides advice and other purposeful activities in an area of specialization. Consulting servic ...

to the Federal Government, the

Federal Parliament The Parliament of Australia (officially the Federal Parliament, also called the Commonwealth Parliament) is the legislative branch of the government of Australia. It consists of three elements: the monarch (represented by the governor-gen ...

, the

European Commission The European Commission (EC) is the executive of the European Union (EU). It operates as a cabinet government, with 27 members of the Commission (informally known as "Commissioners") headed by a President. It includes an administrative body ...

, and to the highest national and international courts. Sitting Justices of the

Ferdinand Kirchhof,

Johannes Masing Johannes Masing (born 9 January 1959 in Wiesbaden) is a German jurisprudent, public law and former judge of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. Career Between 1979 and 1986, Masing studied law and philosophy at the University of Freibur ...

, Rudolf Mellinghoff, and Lerke Osterloh have served as lecturers and researchers in the school prior to their appointment to the court.

In fiction and popular culture

In Bernhard Schlink's semi-autobiographical 1995 novel '' The Reader'', Heidelberg University is one of the main scenes of Part II. Nearly a decade after his affair with an older woman came to a mysterious end, Michael Berg, a law student at the university, re-encounters his former lover as she defends herself in a war-crimes trial, which he observes as part of a seminar. The university is also featured in the

Academy Award The Academy Awards, better known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the American and international film industry. The awards are regarded by many as the most prestigious, significant awards in the entertainment ind ...

-winning 2008 film version The Reader, starring Kate Winslet,

David Kross David Kross (born 4 July 1990) is a German actor. He began his career at a young age with a small role in the 2002 film ''Hilfe, ich bin ein Junge'' and worked sporadically, mainly focusing on his school work. In 2008, he won the starring role o ...

and

Ralph Fiennes Ralph Nathaniel Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes ( ; born 22 December 1962) is an English actor, film producer, and director. A Shakespeare interpreter, he excelled onstage at the Royal National Theatre before having further success at the Royal Shak ...

. Heidelberg university is featured in

Naoki Urasawa is a Japanese manga artist and musician. He has been drawing manga since he was four years old, and for most of his professional career has created two series simultaneously. The stories to many of these were co-written in collaboration with his ...

's 1994–2001 manga series, '' Monster'', and its subsequent 2004–2005 anime adaptation, wherein it is featured as the university Nina Fortner (Anna Liebert) is attending to get her degree in law. By the end of the series, despite the turmoil she's faced and her professor's initial displeasure at her consistent tardiness, she graduates with her degree. In Michel Favart's film «Les Alsaciens ou les Deux Mathilde», Karl Kempf, one of the main characters, studies law at Heidelberg university, while his brother Edouard begins his studies at the

École Polytechnique École may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France * École, Savoi ...

in France. Hans Julius Grebenar is a law graduate of Heidelberg university in

Jeffrey Archer Jeffrey Howard Archer, Baron Archer of Weston-super-Mare (born 15 April 1940) is an English novelist, life peer, convicted criminal, and former politician. Before becoming an author, Archer was a Member of Parliament (1969–1974), but did not ...

's short story "A good eye" of the collection And Thereby Hangs a Tale, as well as the East Prussian

Junker (Prussia) The Junkers ( ; ) were members of the landed nobility in Prussia. They owned great estates that were maintained and worked by peasants with few rights. These estates often lay in the countryside outside of major cities or towns. They were an impo ...

Count Rudolf von Adelhaus in Harold Spender's 1916 Novel "The Dividing Sword".

References

External links

Heidelberg University Faculty of Law

Introduction to the Faculties
{{Coord, 49.4075, N, 8.6956, E, source:wikidata, display=title Heidelberg University

Heidelberg Heidelberg (; Palatine German language, Palatine German: ''Heidlberg'') is a city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany. As of the 2016 census, its population was 159,914 ...

1380s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire 1386 establishments in Europe Law schools in Germany