or refers to Japanese literature of the

Heian period The is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. It followed the Nara period, beginning when the 50th emperor, Emperor Kanmu, moved the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto). means "peace" in Japanese ...

, running from 794 to 1185. This article summarizes its history and development.

Overview

'' Kanshi'' (poetry written in Chinese) and ''

kanbun A is a form of Classical Chinese used in Japan from the Nara period to the mid-20th century. Much of Japanese literature was written in this style and it was the general writing style for official and intellectual works throughout the period. ...

'' (prose in Chinese) had remained popular since the

Nara period The of the history of Japan covers the years from CE 710 to 794. Empress Genmei established the capital of Heijō-kyō (present-day Nara). Except for a five-year period (740–745), when the capital was briefly moved again, it remained the c ...

, and the influence of the Tang poet Bai Juyi (''Haku Kyoi'' in Japanese) on Japanese ''kanshi'' in this period was great. Even in the ''

Tale of Genji Tale may refer to: * Narrative A narrative, story, or tale is any account of a series of related events or experiences, whether nonfictional (memoir, biography, news report, documentary, travelogue, etc.) or fictional ( fairy tale, fable, ...

'', a

pure Japanese ''Pure Japanese'' is a 2022 Japanese action film directed by Daishi Matsunaga and starring Dean Fujioka. This is also Fujioka's first created and produced film. Daisuke Tateishi (Fujioka), an eccentric man with no social skills and a devotion to Ja ...

work composed entirely in ''

kana The term may refer to a number of syllabaries used to write Japanese phonological units, morae. Such syllabaries include (1) the original kana, or , which were Chinese characters (kanji) used phonetically to transcribe Japanese, the most p ...

'', particularly in the chapter "Kiritsubo", the influence of his '' Song of Everlasting Regret'' has been widely recognized.

Sugawara no Michizane was a scholar, poet, and politician of the Heian Period of Japan. He is regarded as an excellent poet, particularly in Kanshi poetry, and is today revered in Shinto as the god of learning, . In the poem anthology '' Hyakunin Isshu'', he is know ...

, who taught at the

Daigaku-ryō was the former Imperial university of Japan, founded at the end of the 7th century.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Daigaku-ryō''" in . The Daigaku-ryō predates the Heian period, continuing in various forms through the early Meiji period. ...

before becoming

Minister of the Right was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian periods. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 702. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the ''udaijin'' in the context of a central administr ...

, was known not only as a politician but as a leading ''kanshi'' poet. In 905, with the imperial order to compile the Kokinshū, the first imperial anthology, ''

waka Waka may refer to: Culture and language * Waka (canoe), a Polynesian word for canoe; especially, canoes of the Māori of New Zealand ** Waka ama, a Polynesian outrigger canoe ** Waka hourua, a Polynesian ocean-going canoe ** Waka taua, a Māori w ...

'' poetry acquired a status comparable to ''kanshi''. ''Waka'' were composed at ''

uta-awase , poetry contests or '' waka'' matches, are a distinctive feature of the Japanese literary landscape from the Heian period. Significant to the development of Japanese poetics, the origin of group composition such as ''renga'', and a stimulus to ...

'' and other official events, and the private collections of well-known poets such as

Ki no Tsurayuki was a Japanese author, poet and court noble of the Heian period. He is best known as the principal compiler of the ''Kokin Wakashū'', also writing its Japanese Preface, and as a possible author of the '' Tosa Diary'', although this was publish ...

(the '' Tsurayuki-shū'') and

Lady Ise , also known as , was a Japanese poet in the Imperial court's '' waka'' tradition. She was born to of Ise Province, and eventually became the lover of the and a concubine to Emperor Uda was the 59th emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Ag ...

(the '' Ise-shū'') became well-known. During this period, since the language of most official documents was Chinese, most men of the nobility used

Chinese characters Chinese characters () are logograms developed for the writing of Chinese. In addition, they have been adapted to write other East Asian languages, and remain a key component of the Japanese writing system where they are known as ''kanji ...

to write poetry and prose in Chinese, but among women the ''kana'' syllabary continued to grow in popularity, and more and more men adopted this simpler style of writing as well. Most of the works of literature from the Heian period that are still well-regarded today were written predominantly in ''kana''.

Diaries Diaries may refer to: * the plural of diary *''Diaries: 1971-1976'', a 1981 documentary by Ed Pincus *'' Diaries 1969–1979: The Python Years'', a 2006 book by Michael Palin *''OFW Diaries ''OFW Diaries'' is a Philippine television documentary ...

had been written by men in Chinese for some time, but in the early tenth century Ki no Tsurayuki chose to write his '' Tosa Nikki'' from the standpoint of a woman, in ''kana''. Partly due to the ''Tosa Nikkis influence, diaries written in Japanese became increasingly common.

Timeline of notable works

*797 – '' Shoku Nihongi'' by Fujiwara no Tsuginawa,

Sugano no Mamichi , originally known as , was a Japanese noble of the early Heian period. He reached the Ritsuryō#Establishment of court rank, court rank of and the position of ''Sangi (Japan), sangi''. Life In 778, Mamichi was appointed as an in the Ministr ...

et al. (history) *807 - '' Kogo Shūi by Inbe no Hironari (Inbe clan history)'' *814 – ''

Ryōunshū The was the first imperially commissioned Japanese kanshi collection. It was compiled by Ono no Minemori, Sugawara no Kiyotomo and others under the command of Emperor Saga was the 52nd emperor of Japan, Emperor Saga, Saganoyamanoe Imperial ...

'', compiled by

Ono no Minemori Ono no Minemori (小野岑守; 778–830) was a Japanese historian, poet, and politician of the early Heian period. He wrote in the '' kanshi'' style of poetry. Biography Ono no Minemori was born in 778. He was the third son of , the '. He w ...

, Sugawara no Kiyotomo et al. (''kanshi'' anthology) *815 – ''

Shinsen Shōjiroku is an imperially commissioned Japanese genealogical record. Thirty volumes in length, it was compiled under the order of Emperor Saga by his brother, the Imperial Prince Manta (万多親王, 788–830). Also by Fujiwara no Otsugu and Fujiwara no ...

'' by , et al. (genealogy) *818 – ''

Bunka Shūreishū is the second imperially commissioned Japanese kanshi collection. The text was compiled by Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu, Sugawara no Kiyotomo, Nakao Ō, Isayama no Fumitugu, Shigeno no Sadanushi, and Kuwahara no Haraaka under the command of Emperor ...

'', compiled by Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu, Sugawara no Kiyotomo et al. (''kanshi'' anthology) *824 – ''

Nihon Ryōiki The is an early Heian period setsuwa collection. Written by Kyōkai between 787 and 824, it is Japan's oldest collection of Buddhist setsuwa. It is three volumes in length. Title Commonly abbreviated as ''Nihon Ryōiki'', which means "Record of ...

'' by ('' setsuwa'' anthology) *827 – ''

Keikokushū The was the third imperially commissioned anthology of kanshi (poetry written in classical Chinese by Japanese poets). The text was compiled by Yoshimine no Yasuyo, Minabuchi no Hirosada, Sugawara no Kiyotomo, Yasuno no Fumitugu, Shigeno no ...

'', compiled by Yoshimine no Yasuyo, Sugawara no Kiyotomo et al. (''kanshi'' anthology) *833 - Ryō no gige a commentary of the Yoro code and the source of information that modern scholars use to reconstruct law from the Heian period and Nara period *835 – '' Shōryōshū'' by

Kūkai Kūkai (; 27 July 774 – 22 April 835Kūkai was born in 774, the 5th year of the Hōki era; his exact date of birth was designated as the fifteenth day of the sixth month of the Japanese lunar calendar, some 400 years later, by the Shingon se ...

(''kanshi''/''kanbun'' anthology) *841 – ''

Nihon Kōki is an officially commissioned Japanese history text. Completed in 840, it is the third volume in the Six National Histories. It covers the years 792–833. Background Following the earlier national history ''Shoku Nihongi'' (797), in 819 Empero ...

'' by Fujiwara no Otsugu et al. (history) *847 - '' Ennin's Diary'' *868 - Ryo no Shuge a private commentary on the yoro codes had no legal effect like Ryō no Gige. It was written by Naomoto Koremun, a lawyer. Though 50 volumesoriginally, it is now 35. *869 – ''

Shoku Nihon Kōki is an officially commissioned Japanese history text. Completed in 869, it is the fourth volume in the Six National Histories. It covers the years 833–850. Background Following the earlier national history ''Nihon Kōki'' (840), in 855 Emperor ...

'' *879 – '' Toshi Bunshū by Miyako no Yoshika a personal poetry collection but it also includes important imperial documents from his time at court and historical information about Sugawara no Michizane'' *879 - Hatashi Honkeicho the history of the hata set of shrines there formation submitted to the imperial court. *879 -

Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku , abbreviated as Montoku Jitsuroku, is an officially commissioned Japanese history text. Completed in 879, it is the fifth text in the Six National Histories series. It covers the years 850-858, the years of reign of the 55th Japanese sovereign, E ...

(history) *891 - Nihonkoku Genzaisho Mokuroku a book catalog of Chinese books written by Fujiwara no Sukeyo after a fire had destroyed these books. Some of these Chinese books no longer exist today. see List of National Treasures of Japan (writings: Classical Chinese books) for more information on imported books *892 - ''

Ruijū Kokushi is a historical text that categorizes and chronologizes the events listed in the ''Six National Histories''. It was compiled by Sugawara no Michizane and completed in 892. The text was commissioned by Emperor Uda. Contents The text was originall ...

(history)'' *900 – '' Kanke Bunsō'' by

(''kanshi''/''kanbun'' anthology) *901 -

Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku , abbreviated as Sandai Jitsuroku, is an officially commissioned Japanese history text. Completed in 901, it is the sixth and final text in the Six National Histories series. It covers the years 858–887. Background Following the earlier natio ...

(history) *903 - Kanke Kōshū by

(kanshi/kanbun anthology) written before his death while in exile and was shown to Ki no Haseo after being sent *905 – ''

Kokin Wakashū The , commonly abbreviated as , is an early anthology of the '' waka'' form of Japanese poetry, dating from the Heian period. An imperial anthology, it was conceived by Emperor Uda () and published by order of his son Emperor Daigo () in abo ...

'' - compiled by

Ki no Tomonori Ki no Tomonori (紀友則) (c. 850 – c. 904) was an early Heian ''waka'' poet of the court, a member of the ''sanjūrokkasen'' or Thirty-six Poetry Immortals. He was a compiler of the '' Kokin Wakashū'', though he certainly did not see it to ...

, Ōshikōchi no Mitsune and

Mibu no Tadamine Mibu no Tadamine (壬生忠岑) was an early Heian '' waka'' poet of the court (active 898–920), and a member of the ''sanjūrokkasen'' or Thirty-six Poetry Immortals. His son Mibu no Tadami was also a distinguished poet. He emerged as an i ...

on the orders of

Emperor Daigo was the 60th emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'') 醍醐天皇 (60)/ref> according to the traditional order of succession. Daigo's reign spanned the years from 897 through 930. He is named after his place of burial. G ...

(''

chokusen wakashū The (), also shortened to (), were imperially-commissioned Japanese anthologies of '' waka'' poetry. They numbered 21 in total (called '' nijūichidaishū''). Overview The term (hereafter shortened to ) refers to anthologies of '' waka'' poet ...

'') *Before 910 – ''

Taketori Monogatari is a (fictional prose narrative) containing elements of Japanese folklore. Written by an unknown author in the late 9th or early 10th century during the Heian period, it is considered the oldest surviving work in the form. The story detail ...

'' (author unknown; ''

monogatari is a literary form in traditional Japanese literature – an extended prose narrative tale comparable to the epic novel. ''Monogatari'' is closely tied to aspects of the oral tradition, and almost always relates a fictional or fictionali ...

'') *913 - Shinsen Manyoshu *927 - ''

Engishiki The is a Japanese book about laws and customs. The major part of the writing was completed in 927. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Engi-shiki''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 178. History In 905, Emperor Daigo ordered the compilation of th ...

'' *935 – '' Tosa Nikki'' by

(

diary A diary is a written or audiovisual record with discrete entries arranged by date reporting on what has happened over the course of a day or other period. Diaries have traditionally been handwritten but are now also often digital. A personal ...

) *939 - Teishinkoki *(date unknown) - ''

Ise Monogatari is a Japanese ''uta monogatari'', or collection of ''waka'' poems and associated narratives, dating from the Heian period. The current version collects 125 sections, with each combining poems and prose, giving a total of 209 poems in most versions ...

'' ('' uta monogatari'') *951 - ''

Gosen Wakashū The , often abbreviated as ''Gosenshū'' ("Later Collection"), is an imperial anthology of Japanese waka compiled in 951 at the behest of Emperor Murakami by the Five Men of the Pear Chamber: Ōnakatomi no Yoshinobu (922-991), Kiyohara no Mot ...

'' * 951 - Yamato monogatari *952 - Heichu Monogatari *962 - Tonomine Shosho Monogatari *972 - Toyokage Moogatari *973 - Shinsen Kisoki the first text of Japanese turtle shell divination completed in 973 but was compiled through 830. *974 - '' Kagerō Nikki'' *975 -

Ochikubo Monogatari , also known as ''The Tale of Ochikubo'', is a story from the Heian period which is similar to the famous fairy tale Cinderella. ''Ochikubo Monogatari'' was written during the later part of the 10th century by an unknown author. It is known as t ...

* Before 977 – ''

Utsubo Monogatari is a late 10th century Japanese story. It is Japan's oldest full-length narrative.Kubota (2007:34)Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten Henshū Iinkai (1986:170-173) Composition The author is unknown. Minamoto no Shitagō is cited as a likely candidat ...

by Unknown * 977 - Honin no Jiju Shu * 980 -

Sumiyoshi Monogatari is a late 10th century Japanese story. Along with '' Ochikubo Monogatari'', it is representative of Japanese Cinderella-type literature dealing with stepmother bullying and harassment. It belongs to the tsukuri monogatari genre.Nihon Koten Bungak ...

it was a highly influential book read by

Murasaki Shikibu was a Japanese novelist, poet and lady-in-waiting at the Imperial court in the Heian period. She is best known as the author of '' The Tale of Genji,'' widely considered to be one of the world's first novels, written in Japanese between abou ...

and

Sei Shōnagon was a Japanese author, poet, and a court lady who served the Empress Teishi (Sadako) around the year 1000 during the middle Heian period. She is the author of . Name Sei Shōnagon's actual given name is not known. It was the custom among aris ...

* 982 -

Chiteiki ''Chiteiki'' ( 池亭記) is a classic work of Japanese non-fiction literature written during the late tenth century by Yoshishige no Yasutane 慶滋保胤 (c. 933–1002). Composed in Sino-Japanese (''kanbun'' 漢文), ''Chiteiki'' is considered ...

* 984 - Sanpo-e * 984 - Zokusajosho the history of the Daijo-kan inherited by Otsuki. It compiles years 984 until the 7th year of the Genroku period of the Edo period. It has some 270 documents. * 991 - ''Fujiwara no Sari hitsu shojō a letter by Fujiwara no sari'' * 999 - Sanekata Shu Fujiwara no sanekata's personal poetry collection. *1002 – ''

The Pillow Book is a book of observations and musings recorded by Sei Shōnagon during her time as court lady to Empress Consort Teishi during the 990s and early 1000s in Heian-period Japan. The book was completed in the year 1002. The work is a collection o ...

'' by

(' zuihitsu'') *1004 - Izumi Shikibu Nikki by

Izumi Shikibu was a mid-Heian period Japanese poet. She is a member of the . She was the contemporary of Murasaki Shikibu, and Akazome Emon at the court of empress Joto Mon'in. She "is considered by many to have been the greatest woman poet of the Heian p ...

a poetic diary *1005 - ''

Shūi Wakashū The , often abbreviated as ''Shūishū'', is the third imperial anthology of waka from Heian period Japan. It was compiled by Emperor Kazan in about 1005.Keene 1999 : 283 Its twenty volumes contain 1,351 poems. The details of its publication an ...

'' *1008 – '' The Tale of Genji'' by

('' tsukuri-monogatari'') *1008 - Political affairs summary a book detailing political affairs, it was completed in 1002 when Emperor Ichijo was ruling and updated until 1008. It was written by Tadasuke Koremune at the request of Fujiwara no Sanesuke out of 130 volumes 26 remain. *1010 - Murasaki Shikibu Nikki *1011 - Ruiju - Sandaikaku a collection of laws, a compilation of the lost Engi Kyaku. The author is unknown but Engi Kyaku is said to have been written by Tokihira Fujiwara as the head of editing. *1012 - Shinsen Zuinō by Fujiwara no kinto *1012 - Waka Kuhon by Fujiwara no kinto *1013 - '' Wakan rōeishū'' *1017 - Gonki a diary by Fujiwara no Yukinari *1020 – '' Sarashina Nikki'' by Takasue's daughter *1021 - ''Midō Kanpakuki the diary of

Fujiwara no Michinaga was a Japanese statesman. The Fujiwara clan's control over Japan and its politics reached its zenith under his leadership. Early life Michinaga was born in Kyōto, the son of Kaneiye. Kaneiye had become Regent in 986, holding the position unt ...

'' *1030 - ''Gengenshu by Nōin'' *1031 - Hosshin Wakashu *1032 - shoyuki by Fujiwara no Sanesuke *''1043 - Hokke Genki'' *1047 - Enoshima engi *1050 - '' Sakuteiki (the first garden manual)'' *1050 - ''Nōin Utamakura by Nōin'' *1055 - tsutsumi chunagon monogatari a book of short stories *''1059 -

Yoru no Nezame is a c. 11th century Japanese story. It is one of the major representative Heian period texts. It is a courtly romance and belongs to the '' tsukuri monogatari'' genre.Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten Henshū Iinkai (1986:1898-1900) Composition The ...

'' *1060 - Hamamatsu Chunagon Monogatari *1061 - Sagami-shū by

sagami Sagami may refer to: * Sagami, an 11th-century ''waka'' poet *Sagami Province, an old province in Japan *Sagami River, a river in Kanagawa and Yamanashi *Sagami Bay, a bay south of Kanagawa Prefecture in Honshū *Sagami Line, a railway roughly along ...

*1065 - Shinsarugakuki a book presumed to been written by Fujiwara no Akihira. It is a book full of customs and possibly a biographical account but is often regarded as a work of fiction. It lists general references to each trade of Japan from performers of sarugaku to farmers. *1065 - Meigo Orai a book of model letters by Fujiwara no Akihira. *1076 - Sagoromo Monogatari *1081 - ''Suisaki a diary by Minamoto no Toshifusa'' *1086 - ''

Goshūi Wakashū :''"The language of poetry should be like brocade and the feeling deeper than the ocean."'' -from Michitoshi's Preface The , sometimes abbreviated as ''Goshūishū'', is an imperial anthology of Japanese waka compiled in 1086 at the behest of ...

'' *1094 - Ruijufusensho a collection of laws. Tsuneyori Minamoto is said to have written it. *1099 - ''Go-Nijō Donoki (''Moromichi Diary) a diary by Fujiwara no Moromichi *1100 - ''Rōei gōchū a commentary on the Wakan rōeishū by Ōe no Masafusa'' *1105 - Konjaku Monogatarish *1107 -

Eiga Monogatari is a Japanese ''monogatari'' which relates events in the life of courtier Fujiwara no Michinaga. It is believed to have been written by a number of authors, over the course of roughly a century, from 1028 to 1107. It is notable for giving high c ...

*1109 - Honchō shinsenden by Ōe no Masafusa *1109 - Sanuki no suke Nikki the diary of Sanuki no suke *1110 -

Nezame monogatari emaki The is an or (painted narrative handscroll) from the Heian period of Japanese history (794–1185). It is an illuminated manuscript of , which recounts a romance at the Imperial Court in Kyoto. The work is one of the oldest of the preserve ...

*1113 -

Nishi Honganji Sanju-rokunin Kashu Sanju-rokunin Kashu (Collection of Thirty-six Anthologies) is a set of illuminated manuscript codex from the early 12th century containing a collection of ''waka'' poems by thirty-six master poets (Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry). The were original ...

*1113 - ise Nikki *1113 - '' Saigū no Nyōgo Shū'' *1113 - '' Okikaze-shū'' *1120 – ''

Ōkagami ''Ōkagami'' () is a Japanese historical tale written in around 1119 by an unknown author. It covers the period 850 to 1025, the golden days of the Fujiwara family's rule. It is said to be a successor (世継物語, ''yotsugi monogatari'') with the ...

'' (author unknown; '' rekishi monogatari'') *1120 – '' Konjaku Monogatarishū'' (compiler unknown; '' setsuwa'' anthology) *1127 – ''

Kin'yō Wakashū The , sometimes abbreviated as ''Kin'yōshū'', is a Japanese imperial anthology of waka whose two drafts were finished in 1124 and 1127. It was compiled at the behest of the Retired Emperor Shirakawa, by Minamoto no Shunrai (~1055–1129; somet ...

'', compiled by Minamoto no Toshiyori (''chokusen wakashū'') *1131 - Kohon Setsuwashu a recently discovered setsuwa (that was lost ) *1133 - Hosouruirin a book of laws written by shinsai 4 volumes remain out of 230 *1140 - Genji Monogatari Emaki *1142 - Kikki a diary by Tsunefusa yoshida (started in 1142 finished in 1200) *1144 - rin'yō wakashū a personal collection by Shun'e *1146 - Myobokanyosho a law book compiled and edited from old law books supposedly written by a monk named megumi *''1150 -

Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga , commonly shortened to , is a famous set of four picture scrolls, or ''emakimono'', belonging to Kōzan-ji temple in Kyoto, Japan. The ''Chōjū-giga'' scrolls are also referred to as ''Scrolls of Frolicking Animals'' and ''Scrolls of Frol ...

'' *1150 - '' Kibi Daijin Nittō Emaki'' *1150 - Gaki-zoshi at the

Kyoto National Museum The is one of the major art museums in Japan. Located in Kyoto's Higashiyama ward, the museum focuses on pre-modern Japanese and Asian art. History The Kyoto National Museum, then the Imperial Museum of Kyoto, was proposed, along with the Impe ...

*1150 - Ji''gokuzōji Hell scroll at the Nara National Museum'' *1150 - ''Hekija-E ( Extermination of Evil)'' *1150 - Jigoku-zoshi Hell Scroll at the Tokyo National Museum *1151 – ''

Shika Wakashū , abbreviated as ''Shikashū'', is an imperial anthology of Japanese waka, compiled c.1151–1154 CE at the behest of the Emperor Sutoku who ordered it in 1144. It was compiled by Fujiwara no Akisuke (1090–1155; a member of the Rokuj� ...

'', compiled by Fujiwara no Akisuke (''chokusen wakashū'') *1151 - Sankaiki a diary by

Nakayama Tadachika was a Japanese court noble and writer during the late Heian period, Heian and early Kamakura period and a member of the influential Fujiwara clan, Fujiwara family. His works are valuable historical documents describing a pivotal period in History o ...

(started 1151 ended 1194) *1156 - Hogen monogatari *''1157 - Shigisan Engi Emaki'' *1158 - ''Nenju gyōji emaki'' *1159 - Honcho Seiki (history) *1160 - heiji monogatari *1161 - Kirei Mondō a manual for writing letters by

*1164 - Gyokuyo a diary by Kanezane kujo (started in 1164 finished in 1200) *1164 - Fujiwara no Tadamichi hitsushojōan a set of 25 letters by Fujiwara no Tadamichi said to be a manual for writing letters. *1165 - Kara monogatari a collection of tales from China *1169 - '' Fusō Ryakuki'' *1170 –'' Imakagami'' by Fujiwara no Tametsune ('' rekishi monogatari'') *1170 - ''

Torikaebaya Monogatari , translated into English as ''The Changelings'', is a Japanese tale from the late Heian period (794 to 1185) by an unknown author, or possibly more than one author. It is four volumes in length.Kubota (2007:255) It is the tale of two siblings who ...

'' *''1178 - Takakura tennō shinkan goshōsoku a letter by

emperor takakura was the 80th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1168 through 1180. Genealogy Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his ''imina'') was Norihito''-shi ...

'' *''1178 - Seigan-ji urabon engi a history of the ghost festival scroll'' *1180 - ''Takakura-in Itsukushima Gokōki'' a travel diary by

Minamoto no Michichika was a Japanese noble and statesman of the late Heian period and early Kamakura period. Serving in the courts of seven different emperors, he brought the Murakami Genji to the peak of their success. He is also commonly known as , and in Sōtō Z ...

*1180 - Saigyo Poems of a Mountain Home *1180 - Ryōjin Hishō *1181 - '' Kojijū-shū'' *1181 - ''Takakura-in Shōkaki a diary by

Minamoto no michichika was a Japanese noble and statesman of the late Heian period and early Kamakura period. Serving in the courts of seven different emperors, he brought the Murakami Genji to the peak of their success. He is also commonly known as , and in Sōtō Z ...

mourning the death of emperor takakura'' *1182 - '' Nijōin no Sanuki Shū'' *1183 - '' Kokawa-dera Engi Emaki'' *''1184 - Ban Dainagon Ekotoba'' *''1184 - Nijō Taikō Taigōgū no Daini shu'' *1185 -

heike monogatari is an epic account compiled prior to 1330 of the struggle between the Taira clan and Minamoto clan for control of Japan at the end of the 12th century in the Genpei War (1180–1185). Heike () refers to the Taira (), ''hei'' being the ''on'yo ...

*1185 - takamura monogatari *1188 – ''

Senzai Wakashū , often abbreviated as ''Senzaishū'', is an imperial anthology of Japanese waka poetry. It was compiled in 1187 by Fujiwara no Shunzei at the behest of the Retired Emperor Go-Shirakawa, who ordered it in 1183. It consists of twenty volumes ...

'', compiled by Fujiwara no Shunzei on the command of

Emperor Go-Shirakawa was the 77th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His de jure reign spanned the years from 1155 through 1158, though arguably he effectively maintained imperial power for almost thirty-seven years through the ''ins ...

in 1183 it started to be compiled (''chokusen-wakashū'')

Notes

{{reflist History of literature in Japan Late Old Japanese texts *