The Head of Government ( es, Jefe de Gobierno) wields the executive power in

Mexico City Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities, it is located in the Valley o ...

. The Head of Government serves a six-year term, running concurrently with that of the President of the Republic.

, or CDMX, is the seat of national

executive Executive ( exe., exec., execu.) may refer to: Role or title * Executive, a senior management role in an organization ** Chief executive officer (CEO), one of the highest-ranking corporate officers (executives) or administrators ** Executive di ...

legislative A legislature is an assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city. They are often contrasted with the executive and judicial powers of government. Laws enacted by legislatures are usually known ...

, and judicial power, and is largely contiguous with the core of the sprawling Mexico City conurbation.

Background

According to Article 122 of the

Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these pr ...

, "the Head of Government of the Federal District shall be responsible for executive power and public administration in the district and shall be represented by a single individual, elected by universal, free, direct, and secret suffrage." The title is commonly rendered in English as "Mayor of Mexico City" but in reality the position does not correspond exactly to the mayor of a municipality. Even though the position is called Head of Government, it has the rank of governor of a

state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...

and has a seat at the National Governors Conference. For the greater part of the 20th century, the D.F. was administered directly by the President of the Republic, who delegated his authority to an appointed Head of the Federal District Department, known more commonly (and tersely) as the ''Regente'' ("Regent" in English). This non-democratic imposition was a source of constant and often bitter resentment among the inhabitants of Mexico City. Under the reforms of the state introduced by presidents Carlos Salinas and

Ernesto Zedillo Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León (; born 27 December 1951) is a Mexican economist and politician. He was 61st president of Mexico from 1 December 1994 to 30 November 2000, as the last of the uninterrupted 71-year line of Mexican presidents from t ...

, the Regent was replaced by the first directly elected Head of Government in 1997. On July 6, 1997, with a 47.7% share of the vote in an eight-candidate race,

Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas Solórzano (; born 1 May 1934) is a Mexican prominent politician. The son of 51st President of Mexico Lázaro Cárdenas, he is a former Head of Government of Mexico City and a founder of the Party of the Democratic Revol ...

won the first direct Head of Government election (this first term was to last only three years, to bring the office into line with the presidential succession). Cárdenas later resigned to compete in the 2000 presidential campaign and left in his place Rosario Robles, who served out the remainder of his term as the first person to govern Mexico City. The Head of Government elected for the 2000–2006 term was

Andrés Manuel López Obrador Andrés Manuel López Obrador (; born 13 November 1953), also known by his initials AMLO, is a Mexican politician who has been serving as the 65th president of Mexico since 1 December 2018. He previously served as Head of Government of Mex ...

, elected with 39% of the popular vote in the same election that saw

Vicente Fox Vicente Fox Quesada (; born 2 July 1942) is a Mexican businessman and politician who served as the 62nd president of Mexico from 1 December 2000 to 30 November 2006. After campaigning as a right-wing populist, Fox was elected president on the ...

of the PAN win the presidency. López Obrador was temporarily removed from office by the federal

Congress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of ...

on April 7, 2005 and was replaced, on an interim basis for a period of slightly over two weeks, by his secretary of government,

Alejandro Encinas Alejandro is the Spanish form of the name Alexander. Alejandro has multiple variations in different languages, including Aleksander (Czech, Polish), Alexandre ( French), Alexandros (Greek), Alsander ( Irish), Alessandro (Italian), Aleksandr (R ...

. See desafuero of AMLO. All the Heads of the Federal District Department were members of the

Institutional Revolutionary Party The Institutional Revolutionary Party ( es, Partido Revolucionario Institucional, ; abbr. PRI) is a political party in Mexico that was founded in 1929 and held uninterrupted power in the country for 71 years, from 1929 to 2000, first as the Nati ...

(PRI), and all the Heads of Government of the Federal District are from center-left parties or party coalitions.

List of governors of the Federal District's territory from 1824 to 1997

Governors of the Federal District (before the formal declaration)

Melchor Múzquiz Melchor de Eca y Múzquiz (5 January 1790 – 14 December 1844) was a Mexican soldier and politician. He was named interim president of Mexico during the Plan of Veracruz which had the aim of overthrowing President Anastasio Bustamante. T ...

January 9, 1824 * Manuel Gómez Pedraza March 3, 1824

Governors of the Federal District

* Gen.

Jose Maria Mendivil Jose is the English transliteration of the Hebrew and Aramaic name ''Yose'', which is etymologically linked to ''Yosef'' or Joseph. The name was popular during the Mishnaic and Talmudic periods. * Jose ben Abin * Jose ben Akabya *Jose the Galil ...

November 25, 1825 *

Juan Manuel de Elizalde ''Juan'' is a given name, the Spanish and Manx versions of ''John''. It is very common in Spain and in other Spanish-speaking communities around the world and in the Philippines, and also (pronounced differently) in the Isle of Man. In Spanish, t ...

August 26, 1826 *

Francisco Molinos del Campo Francisco is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the masculine given name ''Franciscus''. Nicknames In Spanish, people with the name Francisco are sometimes nicknamed "Paco". San Francisco de Asís was known as ''Pater Comunitatis'' (father of ...

: September 2, 1826 *

: October 2, 1826 (2nd time) * José Ignacio Esteva January 1, 1828 *

José María Tornel José María de Tornel y Mendívil (1795–1853) was a 19th-century Mexican army general and politician who greatly influenced the career of President Antonio López de Santa Anna. Birth José Maria Tornel y Mendívil was born March 1, 1795 in ...

February 23, 1828 * José Ignacio Esteva December 3, 1828 (2nd time) * Augustine of F. Lebrija January 30, 1830 * Miguel Cervantes February 20, 1830 * Francisco Fagoaga February 18, 1831 * Ignacio Martinez (Mexico): October 14, 1832 *

José Joaquín de Herrera José Joaquín Antonio de Herrera (February 23, 1792 – February 10, 1854) was a Mexican moderate politician who served as president of Mexico three times (1844, 1844–1845 and 1848–1851), and as a general in the Mexican Army during the Me ...

January 9, 1833 * Ignacio Martinez: October 14, 1832 * José Ignacio Esteva April 17, 1833 (3rd time) *

November 24, 1833 (2nd time) * Ramon Rayon January 12, 1835 * José Gómez de la Cortina: October 13, 1835 * Manuel Fernández Madrid: October 15, 1836 * Francisco García Conde: October 26, 1836 * Luis G. Vieyra: March 9, 1837

Governors Mexico Department (Centralist Era)

* Agustín Vicente Eguia December 30, 1837 * José María Icaza: September 20, 1838 * José Fernando de Peredo December 30, 1838 * Luis G. Vieyra January 8, 1839 (2nd Attempt) * Miguel González Calderón January 11, 1840 * Luis G. Vieyra April 30, 1840 (3rd Attempt) * José María Barrera March 16, 1841 * Luis G. Vieyra July 31, 1841 (4th Occasion) * Francis O. Zarate: September 19, 1841 * Luis G. Vieyra: October 9, 1841 (5th Occasion) * Valentín Canalizo March 10, 1843 * Manuel Rincon: October 3, 1843 * Ignacio Inclan December 3, 1843

Governors of the Federal District (Reinstatement)

* Jose Guadalupe Covarrubias December 7, 1846 * Vicente Romero (Mexico): January 4, 1847 * Juan José Baz January 13, 1847 * Jose Ramon Malo February 17, 1847

City Council of Mexico (U.S. Invasion)

Manuel Reyes Veramendi Manuel may refer to: People * Manuel (name) * Manuel (Fawlty Towers), a fictional character from the sitcom ''Fawlty Towers'' * Charlie Manuel, manager of the Philadelphia Phillies * Manuel I Komnenos, emperor of the Byzantine Empire * Manu ...

: September 8, 1847 *

Francisco Juarez Iriarte Francisco is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the masculine given name '' Franciscus''. Nicknames In Spanish, people with the name Francisco are sometimes nicknamed " Paco". San Francisco de Asís was known as ''Pater Comunitatis'' (father o ...

January 18, 1847 *

John M. Flores y Teran John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second ...

March 6, 1848 * Jose Ramon Malo: November 5, 1848 (2nd time)

Head of the Federal District (U.S. Occupation)

Winfield Scott Winfield Scott (June 13, 1786May 29, 1866) was an American military commander and political candidate. He served as a general in the United States Army from 1814 to 1861, taking part in the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the early s ...

: September 14, 1847 * William O. Butler February 18, 1848 *

Stephen W. Kearny Stephen Watts Kearny (sometimes spelled Kearney) ( ) (August 30, 1794October 31, 1848) was one of the foremost antebellum frontier officers of the United States Army. He is remembered for his significant contributions in the Mexican–American Wa ...

March 16, 1848

Governors of the Federal District (Reinstatement)

* Pedro Torrin: May 14, 1849 *

Pedro Maria Anaya Pedro is a masculine given name. Pedro is the Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician name for ''Peter''. Its French equivalent is Pierre while its English and Germanic form is Peter. The counterpart patronymic surname of the name Pedro, meaning ...

July 10, 1849 * Miguel Azcarate: January 2, 1850 * Antonio Diaz Bonilla: October 21, 1854 * Juan José Baz: January 5, 1856 (2nd time)

Governors of the Federal District (Constitution of 1857)

* Augustine Alcerreca: October 4, 1857 (2nd time)

Governors of the Department of Mexico (War of the Reform)

Conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in ...

s *

Rómulo Díaz de la Vega José María Rómulo Díaz de la Vega Fuentes (23 May 1800 — 3 October 1877) as commander of the garrison in Mexico City was the ''de facto'' president of Mexico in 1855 after the resignation of President Martin Carrera during the revolution ...

December 20, 1859 *

Francis G. Casanova Francis may refer to: People *Pope Francis, the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State and Bishop of Rome *Francis (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters *Francis (surname) Places *Rural Mu ...

February 29, 1860

Governors of the Federal District (Constitution of 1857)

* Justin Fernandez January 6, 1861 * Juan José Baz June 25, 1861 (2nd time) * Anastasio Parrodi January 8, 1862 * Ángel Frías April 27, 1862 * José María González de Mendoza: May 24, 1862 * José Silvestre Aramberri: September 20, 1862 *

Manuel Terreros Manuel may refer to: People * Manuel (name) * Manuel (Fawlty Towers), a fictional character from the sitcom ''Fawlty Towers'' * Charlie Manuel, manager of the Philadelphia Phillies * Manuel I Komnenos, emperor of the Byzantine Empire * Manuel ...

November 11, 1862 *

Ponciano Arriaga José Ponciano Arriaga Mejía (1811–1865) was a lawyer and radical liberal politician from the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí. Biography Arriaga rose to prominence in the late 1840s and is particularly known for pushing for the equality of ...

January 23, 1863 * José María González de Mendoza March 1, 1863 (2nd time) * Gen. John J. of the heron,

John H. Mateos John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second ...

, Joaquin Mayor and Manuel Ramos, May 1863, City of Mexico City. * Miguel Maria Azcarate June 12, 1863 * Manuel Garcia Aguirre: June 30, 1863

Governors of the Department of Mexico (2nd Empire)

* José del Villar Bocanegra: November 4, 1863 * Manuel Campero: April 9, 1866 * Mariano Icaza: September 20, 1866 *

Tomás O'Horán Tomás may refer to: * Tomás (given name) * Tomás (surname) Tomás is a Spanish and Portuguese surname, equivalent of ''Thomas''. It may refer to: * Antonio Tomás (born 1985), professional Spanish footballer * Belarmino Tomás (1892–1950) ...

: September 30, 1867

Governors of the Federal District (Constitution of 1857, Restored Republic)

Porfirio Díaz José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori ( or ; ; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915), known as Porfirio Díaz, was a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico, a total of 31 years, from 28 November 1876 to 6 Decem ...

June 15, 1867 (Military Governor) * Juan José Baz August 14, 1867 (2nd time) * Francis H. Velez: September 7, 1869 *

Francisco Paz Francisco is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the masculine given name '' Franciscus''. Nicknames In Spanish, people with the name Francisco are sometimes nicknamed " Paco". San Francisco de Asís was known as ''Pater Comunitatis'' (father o ...

January 27, 1871 * Gabino Bustamante March 17, 1871 *

Alfredo Chavero Alfredo Chavero (1841–1906) was a Mexican archaeologist, politician, poet, and dramatist. According to Howard F. Cline, "Chavero's most enduring claim to remembrance rests...on iscompletion and extension of Ramírez's plans to republish majo ...

June 15, 1871 * José María Castro: September 19, 1871 * Tiburcio Montiel: October 21, 1871 * Joaquin A. Pérez: September 29, 1873 * Protasio G. Tagle November 22, 1876 * Agustin del Rio: November 30, 1876 * Juan Crisostomo Bonilla: February 7, 1877 * Gen. Luis C. Curiel February 16, 1877 * Carlos Pacheco Villalobos December 2, 1880 * Ramon Fernandez: June 25, 1881 * Carlos Rivas: May 5, 1884 * General Jose Ceballos: December 3, 1884 * Manuel Dominguez: April 19, 1893 *

* Pedro Rincón Gallardo July 17, 1893 * Nicolas Island and Bustamante: August 3, 1896 *

Rafael Rebollar Rafael may refer to: * Rafael (given name) or Raphael, a name of Hebrew origin * Rafael, California * Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, Israeli manufacturer of weapons and military technology * Hurricane Rafael, a 2012 hurricane Fiction * Rafa ...

: August 8, 1896 * Guillermo de Landa y Escandon: October 8, 1900 *

Ramón Corral Ramón Corral Verdugo (January 10, 1854 – November 10, 1912) was the Vice President of Mexico under Porfirio Díaz from 1904 until their resignations in May 1911. Early life Corral was born Ramón Corral Verdugo on Hacienda Las Mercedes ( ...

: December 8, 1900 * Guillermo de Landa y Escandon: January 3, 1903 (2nd time) * Gen. Samuel Garcia Cuellar: May 3, 1911

Governors of the Federal District (Constitution of 1857, Madero Revolution)

* Alberto Garcia Granados: May 30, 1911 * Ignacio Rivero: August 3, 1913 * Federico Gonzalez Garza August 21, 1912

Governors of the Federal District (Constitution of 1857, Government of Victoriano Huerta)

* Gen. Cepeda and Gen.

Alberto Yarza Alberto is the Romance languages, Romance version of the Latinized form (''Albertus'') of Germanic languages, Germanic ''Albert (given name), Albert''. It is used in Italian language, Italian, Portuguese language, Portuguese and Spanish language, ...

: February 3, 1913 (Grales. responsible for the city after the

Ten Tragic Days The Ten Tragic Days ( es, La Decena Trágica) during the Mexican Revolution is the name now given to a multi-day coup d'etat in Mexico City by opponents of Francisco I. Madero, the democratically elected president of Mexico, between 9 - 19 Fe ...

* Gen. Samuel Garcia Cuellar February 24, 1913 (2nd time) *

Ramón Corona Ramón Corona (18 October 1837, Tuxcueca, Jalisco, Mexico – 11 November 1889, Guadalajara, Jalisco) was a liberal Mexican general and diplomat. He served with distinction during the Second French Intervention in Mexico and after the triumph ...

February 28, 1914 * Mr. Gen. Eduardo Iturbide: March 28, 1914

Governors of the Federal District (Constitution of 1857 Constitutionalist Revolution)

* Alfredo Robles Dominguez August 18, 1914 * Gen. Heriberto Jara: September 19, 1914 * Juan Gutierrez R. November 22, 1914

Governors of the Federal District (Constitution of 1857, the Government Conventional)

Vicente Navarro Vicente is an Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese name. Like its French variant, Vincent, it is derived from the Latin name ''Vincentius'' meaning "conquering" (from Latin ''vincere'', "to conquer"). Vicente may refer to: Location *São Vicente, Ca ...

: November 26, 1914 ( Zapatista) *

Manuel Chao Manuel may refer to: People * Manuel (name) * Manuel (Fawlty Towers), a fictional character from the sitcom ''Fawlty Towers'' * Charlie Manuel, manager of the Philadelphia Phillies * Manuel I Komnenos, emperor of the Byzantine Empire * Manu ...

: December 4, 1914 ( Zapatista) * Vito Alessio Robles January 1, 1915 *

Mayor of Mexico City The Head of Government ( es, Jefe de Gobierno) wields the executive power in Mexico City. The Head of Government serves a six-year term, running concurrently with that of the President of the Republic. Mexico City, or CDMX, is the seat of natio ...

: January 27, 1915, is responsible for the departure of the conventionalist, who retire to be near the city to the forces of

Álvaro Obregón Álvaro Obregón Salido (; 17 February 1880 – 17 July 1928) better known as Álvaro Obregón was a Sonoran-born general in the Mexican Revolution. A pragmatic centrist, natural soldier, and able politician, he became the 46th President of Me ...

. * Magana Cerda March 15, 1915

Governor of Valle de Mexico (Const. 1857, Constitutional Government)

* Gen. Cesar Lopez de Lara: August 3, 1915 (By the decrees of 3/12/1914 based on the

Plan of Guadalupe The Plan of Guadalupe ( es, Plan de Guadalupe) was a political manifesto which was proclaimed on March 26, 1913, by the Governor of Coahuila Venustiano Carranza in response to the reactionary coup d'etat and execution of President Francisco I. ...

, federal capital city of Veracruz and January 5, 1917 decree establishing the capital in the city of Querétaro. The changes of residence were never ratified by Congress)

Governors of the Federal District (Constitution of 1917)

* Col. Gonzalo G. de la Mata: April 3, 1917 (Interim) * Gen. Cesar Lopez de Lara: June 3, 1917 (2nd time)

Governors of the Federal District (Carrancistas)

Alfredo Breceda Alfredo (, ) is a cognate of the Anglo-Saxon name Alfred and a common Italian, Galician, Portuguese and Spanish language personal name. People with the given name include: *Alfredo (born 1946), Brazilian footballer born as Alfredo Mostarda Filh ...

January 22, 1918 * Arnulfo González August 28, 1918 *

January 21, 1919 (2nd time) * Benito Flores February 26, 1919 * Manuel Rueda Magro: May 31, 1919 *

: May 7, 1920 (Move Carranza in Veracruz on the Federal Government, I fail to install)

Governors of the Federal District (Obregon)

* Manuel Gómez Noriega: May 8, 1920 * Gen. Celestino Gasca July 7, 1920 * Jorge Prieto Laurens: 1922 * Ramon Ross: October 25, 1923 * Abel S. Rodriguez: December 15, 1923 (Interim) * Ramon Ross: February 11, 1924 (2nd time) * Gen. Francisco R. Serrano June 21, 1926 * Primo Villa Michel June 1927 until December 31, 1928.

Heads of the Federal District Department (Regents 1929-1940)

* (1929–1930):

José Manuel Puig Casauranc José Manuel Puig Casauranc (31 January 1888 – 5 May 1939) was a Mexican politician, diplomat and journalist who served as Secretary of Public Education, Secretary of Industry, Commerce and Labor, Secretary of Foreign Affairs and federal le ...

* (1930): Crisóforo Ibáñez * (1930–1931): Lamberto Hernandez * (1931): Enrique Romero Courtade * (1931–1932): Lorenzo Hernandez * (1932):

Vicente Estrada Cajigal The governor of Morelos, which was created with the state of Mexico in 1869. ( Morelos was a Federal Territory from June 17, 1914, to February 5, 1917.) See also * List of Mexican state governors *List of people from Morelos, Mexico The ...

* (1932): Manuel Padilla * (1932) John G. Cabral * (1932–1935): Aaron Saenz * (1935–1938): Cosme Hinojosa * (1938–1940):

José Siurob Ramírez José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese language, Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced differently in each language: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ). In French, the name ''José'', pronounced ...

Governor of Federal District (Regents)

* (1940–1946): Javier Rojo Gomez

Heads of the Federal District Department (Regents)

* (1946–1952):

Fernando Casas German Fernando is a Spanish and Portuguese given name and a surname common in Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Switzerland, former Spanish or Portuguese colonies in Latin America, Africa, the Philippines, India, and Sri Lanka. It is equivalent to the G ...

* (1952–1966): Ernesto P. Uruchurtu * (1966–1970):

Alfonso Corona del Rosal Alphons (Latinized ''Alphonsus'', ''Adelphonsus'', or ''Adefonsus'') is a male given name recorded from the 8th century (Alfonso I of Asturias, r. 739–757) in the Christian successor states of the Visigothic kingdom in the Iberian peninsula. ...

* (1970–1971): Alfonso Martinez Dominguez * (1971–1976): Octavio Sentíes Gómez * (1976–1982): Carlos Hank Gonzalez * (1982–1988): Ramón Aguirre Velázquez * (1988–1993): Manuel Camacho Solís * (1993–1994): Manuel Aguilera Gomez * (1994–1997): Oscar Espinosa Villarreal

Heads of government of the Federal District/Mexico City

References

External links

* {{Governors of Mexican states * Politics of Mexico City Mexico City

Mayors In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well as ...