Hava Vladimirovna Volovich (
:ru:Волович, Хава Владимировна;1916–2000), was a Ukrainian writer, actress, puppet theater director and
Gulag
The Gulag, an acronym for , , "chief administration of the camps". The original name given to the system of camps controlled by the GPU was the Main Administration of Corrective Labor Camps (, )., name=, group= was the government agency in ...
survivor.
In literary value and historical witness, her notes from the Soviet forced labour camps have been compared with
Shalamov's stories and
Anne Frank's Diary
A diary is a written or audiovisual record with discrete entries arranged by date reporting on what has happened over the course of a day or other period. Diaries have traditionally been handwritten but are now also often digital. A personal ...
.
Anne Applebaum
Anne Elizabeth Applebaum (born July 25, 1964) is an American journalist and historian. She has written extensively about the history of Communism and the development of civil society in Central and Eastern Europe.
She has worked at ''The Econ ...
wrote that Volovich stands out in the anthology "Gulag Voices", as she, like Elena Glinka, was not afraid to touch upon taboo subjects Volovich's story about her own child in the camp contrasts to some stereotypes about the selfishness and venality of gulag prisoners who bore children there.
Biography
Hava Vladimirovna (Vilkovna) Volovich was born in 1916 into a Jewish family in
Mena
MENA, an acronym in the English language, refers to a grouping of countries situated in and around the Middle East and North Africa. It is also known as WANA, SWANA, or NAWA, which alternatively refers to the Middle East as Western Asia (or a ...
, a small town in the
Chernihiv region
Chernihiv Oblast ( uk, Черні́гівська о́бласть, translit=Chernihivska oblast; also referred to as Chernihiv Oblast#Nomenclature, Chernihivshchyna, uk, Черні́гівщина, translit=Chernihivshchyna) is an administra ...
of northern Ukraine. In 1934 she finished a seven-year school and began work first as a typesetter and then as sub-editor with a local newspaper.
Volovich was arrested on August 14, 1937 on the charge of
anti-Soviet agitation and sentenced to fifteen years in the
Soviet forced ("correctional") labor camps or "ITL"
She served her time in "
Sevzheldorlag" (lumbering) at the "Mariinsky Mine" (
Мариинский прииск) (farm work), in "
Ozerlag" and in "
Dzhezkasgan".
In 1942, she had a daughter who died in the gulag in 1944.
For many years she participated in the camp amateur productions, acting in the camp theater and organizing a
marionette
A marionette (; french: marionnette, ) is a puppet controlled from above using wires or strings depending on regional variations. A marionette's puppeteer is called a marionettist. Marionettes are operated with the puppeteer hidden or revealed ...
theater. She was released on April 20, 1953.
[Hava Volovich, Hella Frisher. DAYS OF LIFE. Moscow. 2014.
]
After the camp, Volovich lived in exile until 1956. In 1957, she returned to her hometown. Starting in 1958, she directed the local club
puppet theater. She was exonerated on December 28, 1963.
She died in Mena on February 14, 2000.
See also
*
White Sea-Baltic Canal
White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no hue). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully reflect and scatter all the visible wavelengths of light. White on ...
*
History of the Soviet Union
The history of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union (USSR) reflects a period of change for both Russia and the world. Though the terms "Soviet Russia" and "Soviet Union" often are synonymous in everyday speech (either acknowledging the dominance ...
*
Gulag
The Gulag, an acronym for , , "chief administration of the camps". The original name given to the system of camps controlled by the GPU was the Main Administration of Corrective Labor Camps (, )., name=, group= was the government agency in ...
*
Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code)
Article 58 of the Russian SFSR Penal Code was put in force on 25 February 1927 to arrest those suspected of counter-revolutionary activities. It was revised several times. In particular, its Article 58-1 was updated by the listed sub-articles and ...
*
Enemy of the people
The term enemy of the people or enemy of the nation, is a designation for the political or class opponents of the subgroup in power within a larger group. The term implies that by opposing the ruling subgroup, the "enemies" in question are ac ...
References
Publications
* Журнал «Горизонт», № 2, 1989 г..
* Доднесь тяготеет.
б. воспоминаний Вып. 1. Записки вашей современницы / Сост. С. С. Виленский. — М.: Сов. пис., 1989. — С. 461—494.
*Озерлаг: как это было / сост. Л. С. Мухин. — Иркутск : Вост.-Сиб. кн. изд-во, 1992. — С. 55-87.
*Театр Гулага. Воспоминания. Очерки / Сост. М. М. Кораллов. — М.: Звенья, 1995. — С. 143—15
Театр ГУЛАГа.*Отечественные записки. 2006. № 2/27 (на сайте ОЗ текст убран, но сохранился в кэше Яндекса).
* Till my Tale is Told.
omen's memoirs of GULAGby Indiana University Press, 199
Till my Tale is Told* Gulag Voices. edited by Anne Applebaum, Yale University Press, 201
Gulag Voices
External links
Hava Volovich official siteHava Volovich on Lib.ruДневники «советской Анны Франк» (Diaries of a Soviet Anne Frank) on Jewish.ru* — биография.
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Volovich, Hava
1916 births
2000 deaths
Gulag detainees
Russian Jews
Soviet writers
Russian memoirists
Jewish women writers
Russian prisoners and detainees
Soviet rehabilitations
Women memoirists
20th-century Russian women writers
20th-century memoirists