Hans Heinrich Schaeder
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Heinz Heinrich Schaeder (31 January 1896 – 13 March 1957) was a German Orientalist and
Iranologist Iranian studies ( fa, ايران‌شناسی '), also referred to as Iranology and Iranistics, is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the research and study of the civilization, history, literature, art and culture of Iranian peoples. It ...
.


Life

Heinz Heinrich Schaeder was born in
Göttingen Göttingen (, , ; nds, Chöttingen) is a college town, university city in Lower Saxony, central Germany, the Capital (political), capital of Göttingen (district), the eponymous district. The River Leine runs through it. At the end of 2019, t ...
, Germany on 31 January 1896. He was the son of theologist
Erich Schaeder Erich Schaeder (22 December 1861 – 18 February 1936) was a German Protestant theologian. He studied theology at the universities of Berlin and Greifswald, where in 1891 he qualified as a lecturer. In 1894 he became an associate professor of th ...
, brother of historian Hildegard Schaeder and cousin of theologian Günter Lüling. Raised in a strict fashion by his father, Schaeder studied
classical philology Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity. In the Western world, classics traditionally refers to the study of Classical Greek and Roman literature and their related original languages, Ancient Greek and Latin. Classics ...
at the
University of Kiel Kiel University, officially the Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, (german: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, abbreviated CAU, known informally as Christiana Albertina) is a university in the city of Kiel, Germany. It was founded in ...
since 1914. During World War, he served in the
German Army The German Army (, "army") is the land component of the armed forces of Germany. The present-day German Army was founded in 1955 as part of the newly formed West German ''Bundeswehr'' together with the ''Marine'' (German Navy) and the ''Luftwaf ...
. He continued his studies in classical philology at Kiel under
Werner Jaeger Werner Wilhelm Jaeger (30 July 1888 – 19 October 1961) was a German-American classicist. Life Werner Wilhelm Jaeger was born in Lobberich, Rhenish Prussia in the German Empire. He attended school in Lobberich and at the Gymnasium Thomaeum in ...
. Under the influence of historian Fritz Kern, Lommel developed an interest in the
Middle east The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabian Peninsula, Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Anatolia, Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Pro ...
. Completing "all his academic degrees in an incredibly short time", Schaeder gained his
Ph.D. A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is ...
at Kiel in 1919 with a thesis on the Islamic theologian
Hasan al-Basri Abu Sa'id ibn Abi al-Hasan Yasar al-Basri, often referred to as Hasan of Basra (Arabic: الحسن البصري, romanized: ''Al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī''; 642 - 15 October 728) for short, or as Hasan al-Basri, was an early Muslim preacher, asceti ...
. He completed his
habilitation Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in many European countries. The candidate fulfills a university's set criteria of excellence in research, teaching and further education, usually including a ...
in 1922 with a thesis on the Persian poet
Hafez Khwāje Shams-od-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī ( fa, خواجه شمس‌‌الدین محمّد حافظ شیرازی), known by his pen name Hafez (, ''Ḥāfeẓ'', 'the memorizer; the (safe) keeper'; 1325–1390) and as "Hafiz", ...
. In the 1920s, German
Iranian studies Iranian studies ( fa, ايران‌شناسی '), also referred to as Iranology and Iranistics, is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the research and study of the civilization, history, literature, art and culture of Iranian peoples. It ...
was dominated by
Friedrich Carl Andreas Friedrich Carl Andreas (14 April 1846 in Batavia – 4 October 1930 in Göttingen) was an orientalist of German, Malay and Armenian parentage (descendant of the Bagratuni or Bagratid royal family (Armenian: Բագրատունի). He was t ...
and , but Schaeder belonged to neither of those schools. Instead, he gained his introduction to the subject through Carl Heinrich Becker and
Josef Markwart Josef Markwart (originally spelled Josef Marquart: December 9, 1864 in Reichenbach am Heuberg – February 4, 1930 in Berlin) was a German historian and orientalist. He specialized in Turkish and Iranian Studies and the history of the Middle ...
. From 1922 to 1926, Schaeder was a professor at the
University of Breslau A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, th ...
. Schaeder considered these years the most productive of his career. He "acquired an amazing knowledge" of Semitic,
Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian lan ...
and
Turkic languages The Turkic languages are a language family of over 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and Western Asia. The Turkic languag ...
, and of philosophy, religious science and general linguistics. Several works of importance were written at this time. From 1926 to 1931, Schaeder was a professor at the
University of Königsberg The University of Königsberg (german: Albertus-Universität Königsberg) was the university of Königsberg in East Prussia. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke Albert of Prussi ...
. He was also briefly a professor at the
University of Leipzig Leipzig University (german: Universität Leipzig), in Leipzig in Saxony, Germany, is one of the world's oldest universities and the second-oldest university (by consecutive years of existence) in Germany. The university was founded on 2 Decemb ...
during this time. Upon the death of Markwart in 1930, Schaeder was appointed Chair of Iranian and Armenian Philology at the
University of Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (german: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a German public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin. It was established by Frederick William III on the initiative o ...
. He occupied this position from 1931 to 1944. Schaeder symphatized with
Nazism Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ...
, but was always respectful towards his
Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
colleagues. Since 1944, Schaeder served as Chair of Oriental Philology and Religious History at the
University of Göttingen The University of Göttingen, officially the Georg August University of Göttingen, (german: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, known informally as Georgia Augusta) is a public research university in the city of Göttingen, Germany. Founded ...
. Throughout his career, Schaeder published more than 260 scholarly books and articles. His most important contributions were to the study of
Manichaeism Manichaeism (; in New Persian ; ) is a former major religionR. van den Broek, Wouter J. Hanegraaff ''Gnosis and Hermeticism from Antiquity to Modern Times''SUNY Press, 1998 p. 37 founded in the 3rd century AD by the Parthian Empire, Parthian ...
. As a professor he was known for his powerful oratory and high demands on his students.
Annemarie Schimmel Annemarie Schimmel (7 April 1922 – 26 January 2003) was an influential German Orientalist and scholar who wrote extensively on Islam, especially Sufism. She was a professor at Harvard University from 1967 to 1992. Early life and education ...
and were among his students. Schaeder died in Göttingen on 13 March 1957.


Selected works

* “Hasan von Basra Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des frühen Islam,” Ph.D. diss., Universität Breslau, 1919. * “Hafizstudien,” Habilitation for Oriental Philology, Universität Breslau, 1922. * “Die islamische Lehre vom Vollkommenen Menschen, ihre Herkunft und ihre dichterische Gestaltung,” ZDMG 79, 1925, pp. 192–268. * “Iranische Lehren,” in R. Reitzenstein, H. H. Schaeder, eds., ''Studien zum antiken Synkretismus aus Iran und Griechenland'', II, Leipzig and Berlin, 1926, pp. 199–305. * “Urform und Fortbildungen des mannichäischen Systems,” in F. Saxl, ed., ''Vorträge der Bibliothek Warburg 1924–1925'', Leipzig and Berlin, 1927, pp. 65–157; repr. in Colpe, 1968, pp. 15–107. * ''Esra der Schreiber'', Tübingen, 1930. * “Zandik – Zindiq,” Iranische Beitrtäge I, Schriften der Königsberger Gelehrten Gesellschaft 6.5, Halle, 1930, pp. 274–91. * “Über die Inschrift des Ariaramnes,” SPAW, Phil.-hist. Kl., XXIII, Berlin, 1931, pp. 635–45 . * Review of H. Lommel, Die Religion Zarathustras nach dem Awesta dargestellt, ''Deutsche Literaturzeitung'' 3/45, 1932, coll. 2121-37 . * “Bardesanes von Edessa in der griechischen und der syrischen Kirche,” ''Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte'' 3, Folge II, 51, 1932a, pp. 1–74; repr . in Colpe 1968, pp. 109–16. * “Gott und Mensch in der Verkündigung Zarathustras,” Corolla, Ludwig Curtius zum 60. Geburtstag dargebracht, Stuttgart, 1934, pp. 187–200. * “Über einige altpersische Inschriften,” SPAW, Phil.-hist. Kl. XIX, Berlin, 1935, pp. 489–506. * “Ein parthischer Titel im Sogdischen,” BSOS 8, 1935a, pp. 737–49. * “Manichäismus und spätantike Religion,” ''Zeitschrift für Missionskunde und Religionswissenschaft'' 50/3, 1935b, pp. 65–85. * “Der Manichäismus nach neuen Funden und Forschungen,” in F. G. Taeschner, ed., ''Orientalische Stimmen zum Erlösungsgedanken'', Series Morgenland 28, Leipzig, 1936, pp. 80–109. * “Beiträge zur iranischen Sprachgeschichte,” ''Ungarische Jahrbücher'' 15, 1935
936 Year 936 ( CMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * June 19 – At Laon, Louis IV, the 14-year old son of the late King Charles the Simp ...
1936a, pp. 560–88. * “Lebensansicht und lyrische Form bei Hafis,” in ''Goethes Erlebnis des Ostens'', Leipzig, 1938, pp. 105–22. * “Zarathustras Botschaft von der Rechten Ordnung,” Corona 9, 1940, pp. 575–602; repr. in B. Schlerath, ed., ''Zarathustra'', Darmstadt, 1970, pp. 97–117. * “Der iranische Zeitgott und sein Mythos,” ZDMG 95, NF 20, 1941, pp. 268–99. * “Läßt sich die ‘seelische Entwicklung des Dichters Hafis’ ermitteln?,” ''Orientalische Literaturzeitung'', 1942, coll. 201-10. * “Des eigenen Todes sterben,” ''Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen,'' Phil.-hist. Kl. 1946/47, pp. 24–36. * “Der Manichäismus und sein Weg nach Osten,” ''Glaube und Geschichte Festschrift für Friedrich Gogarten'', 1948, pp. 236–54. * ''Goethe als Mitmensch'', Göttingen, 1949.


See also

* Stig Wikander


Sources

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Schaeder, Hans Heinrich 1896 births 1957 deaths German Army personnel of World War I German orientalists German philologists Humboldt University of Berlin faculty Iranologists Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich faculty University of Breslau faculty University of Göttingen faculty University of Kiel alumni University of Königsberg faculty Leipzig University faculty 20th-century philologists