Hanoch Levin
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Hanoch Levin ( he, חנוך לוין; December 18, 1943 – August 18, 1999) was an Israeli
dramatist A playwright or dramatist is a person who writes plays. Etymology The word "play" is from Middle English pleye, from Old English plæġ, pleġa, plæġa ("play, exercise; sport, game; drama, applause"). The word "wright" is an archaic English ...
, theater director, author and poet, best known for his plays. His absurdist style is often compared to the work of Harold Pinter and Samuel Beckett.


Biography

Levin was born in 1943 to Malka and Israel Levin, who
immigrated Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent residents or naturalized citizens. Commuters, tourists, and ...
to then-
British Mandate of Palestine British Mandate of Palestine or Palestine Mandate most often refers to: * Mandate for Palestine: a League of Nations mandate under which the British controlled an area which included Mandatory Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan. * Mandatory P ...
in 1935 (now
Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
) from
Łódź Łódź, also rendered in English as Lodz, is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located approximately south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of cant ...
, Poland. He grew up in a religious Jewish home in the Neve Sha'anan neighborhood in southern
Tel Aviv Tel Aviv-Yafo ( he, תֵּל־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ, translit=Tēl-ʾĀvīv-Yāfō ; ar, تَلّ أَبِيب – يَافَا, translit=Tall ʾAbīb-Yāfā, links=no), often referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the ...
. His father ran a grocery store. As a child, he attended the Yavetz State Religious School. In the 1950s, his brother, David, who was nine years older than he was, worked as an assistant director at the
Cameri Theater The Cameri Theater ( he, התיאטרון הקאמרי, ''HaTeatron HaKameri''), established in 1944 in Tel Aviv, is one of the leading theaters in Israel, and is housed at the Tel Aviv Performing Arts Center. History The Cameri theater was found ...
. His father died of a
heart attack A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to the coronary artery of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which ma ...
when he was 12 years old. Hanoch attended Zeitlin Religious High School in Tel Aviv. After ninth grade, he left school to help support the family. He worked as a messenger boy for the Herut company and took classes at a night school for working youth at the Ironi Aleph middle school. There he joined a drama club and acted in ''Michal, Daughter of Saul'' by Aharon Ashman. After serving his compulsory military duty as a code clerk in the signal corps, Levin began to study philosophy and Hebrew literature at
Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv University (TAU) ( he, אוּנִיבֶרְסִיטַת תֵּל אָבִיב, ''Universitat Tel Aviv'') is a public research university in Tel Aviv, Israel. With over 30,000 students, it is the largest university in the country. Locate ...
(1964–67). In 1965 he joined the editorial board of the ''Dorban'' newspaper, one of the university's two student newspapers. Some passages from the period were republished, with thorough revisions, as part of his later work. For example, "A Hardened Ballad of a Soldier Man and Woman" from June 1966 was revised as "Black Eagle on a Red Roof" and published after the 1982 Lebanon War. During his university studies, Levin associated with the
Communist Party A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism. The term ''communist party'' was popularized by the title of ''The Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ...
, where he met
Danny Tracz Danny is a masculine given name. It is related to the male name Daniel. It may refer to: People * Danny Altmann, British immunologist * Danny Antonucci, Canadian animator, director, producer, and writer *Danny Baker (born 1957), English journal ...
, the dramatist of the Communist youth. A friendship and professional kinship developed between the two that lasted beyond the period of their party activities. Levin was married twice, to Naava Koresh and Edna Koren. His partner in the last years of his life was actress and dubber Lillian Barto. He had four children. Levin was known for his refusal to give interviews. In one of the few interviews that he gave at the beginning of his career (to
Michael Handelzalts Michael Handelzalts (born 1950) ( he, מיכאל הנדלזלץ) is an Israeli theater critic. Biography Michael Handelzalts was born in Poland. His grandfather, Elyahu Handelzalc, was a teacher and writer from Warsaw, Poland who fled the city i ...
from
Israel Defense Forces Radio Army Radio ( he, גלי צה"ל lit. IDF waves) or Galei Tzahal, known in Israel by its acronym Galatz ( he, גל"צ), is a nationwide Israeli radio network operated by the Israel Defense Forces. The station broadcasts news, music, traffic report ...
), he answered the question "Why do you write specifically for the theater?":" I just think, the theater, it's much more charming, much more involving when you see these things on the stage. It's just much more exciting, I don't know why... you see the world, that way, formed on the stage. I don't know whether the material takes on a different quality, or it's better or worse, but in any case for me it's more exciting, material that's produced on the stage." Levin died of prostate cancer on August 18, 1999. He continued to work even in the hospital, nearly to his last day, but didn't have time to finish the staging of his play ''The Crybabies''. During his lifetime he composed 63 plays and directed 22 of them.


Literary and theater career

In 1967, Levin published a
poem Poetry (derived from the Greek ''poiesis'', "making"), also called verse, is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language − such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre − to evoke meanings in ...
called "Birkot ha-Shahar" (the name of the Jewish "dawn blessings") in the literary journal ''Yochani'', and was met with critical acclaim. The poem was later reprinted in his poetry collection ''Life of the Dead''. In '' Haaretz'' he published the stories "Stubborn Dina" (1966) and "Pshishpsh" (1971, also published in the book ''The Eternal Invalid and the Beloved''), as well as the verse cycles "Party Song of the Wicked: An Idyll" (1968, later appeared in ''Life of the Dead'') and "Flawed People" (1970). Following
Meir Wieseltier Meir Wieseltier (Hebrew: מאיר ויזלטיר, born 1941) is a prize-winning Israeli poet and translator. Biography Meir Wieseltier was born in Moscow in 1941, shortly before the German invasion of Russia. He was taken to Novosibirsk in southwe ...
's invitations, he began in 1971 to publish stories, poems, and verse in the literary journal ''Exclamation Point'' (סימן קריאה): "The World of the Sycophantes" in 1973, "A Hunchback Finds a Prostitute" in 1976, "Life of the Dead" in 1981, and others. Also in 1967, Levin sent a
radio play Radio drama (or audio drama, audio play, radio play, radio theatre, or audio theatre) is a dramatized, purely acoustic performance. With no visual component, radio drama depends on dialogue, music and sound effects to help the listener imagine t ...
called ''Catch the Spy'' to a radio drama competition at
Kol Israel ''Kol Yisrael'' or ''Kol Israel'' ( lit. "Voice of Israel", also "Israel Radio") is Israel's public domestic and international radio service. It operated as a division of the Israel Broadcasting Service from 1951 to 1965, the Israel Broadcasti ...
, winning first prize. The show, under the direction of David Levin, was broadcast several times. Levin's translation into English won first prize in 1969 in a radio drama competition in Italy. It was later published in the book ''Finale''. In 1967–70, Levin devoted himself to
political satire Political satire is satire that specializes in gaining entertainment from politics; it has also been used with subversive intent where political speech and dissent are forbidden by a regime, as a method of advancing political arguments where s ...
. In March 1968 he began working on a
cabaret Cabaret is a form of theatrical entertainment featuring music, song, dance, recitation, or drama. The performance venue might be a pub, a casino, a hotel, a restaurant, or a nightclub with a stage for performances. The audience, often dining o ...
show entitled ''You, Me and the Next War,'' with
Edna Shavit Edna Shavit ( he, עדנה שביט; April 25, 1935 – 14 June 2015) was an Israelis, Israeli professor affiliated with the theater department of Tel Aviv University. She was married to Yoram Gal between 1994 and 2003. In the 1960s, Shavit pla ...
. The show was mounted in August 1968 at the Bar-Barim club in Tel Aviv by four of Shavit's students from the theatre department at
Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv University (TAU) ( he, אוּנִיבֶרְסִיטַת תֵּל אָבִיב, ''Universitat Tel Aviv'') is a public research university in Tel Aviv, Israel. With over 30,000 students, it is the largest university in the country. Locate ...
: Bat-Sheva Zeisler, Shifra Milstein, Gad Keynar and Rami Peleg. Danny Tracz was the producer. Next, Levin wrote a satire called ''Ketchup.'' Under the direction of his brother, David, it was performed in the basement of the Satirical Cabaret in Tel Aviv in March 1969. In these two works, Levin mocked Israeli military pathos (as in the parody "Victory Parade for the 11 Minutes War" of the victory speech by General
Shmuel Gonen Shmuel "Gorodish" Gonen ( he, שמואל גונן; 1930 – 30 September 1991) was an Israeli general and Chief of the Southern Command of the Israel Defense Forces during the Yom Kippur War. Early life Born in Vilna, Poland, Gonen immigrate ...
at the close of the
Six-Day War The Six-Day War (, ; ar, النكسة, , or ) or June War, also known as the 1967 Arab–Israeli War or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states (primarily Egypt, Syria, and Jordan) from 5 to 10 Ju ...
), the impotence and complacency of Israel's politicians ("Peace Talks in the Middle East"), and presented a macabre treatment of bereavement ("Squares in the Cemetery"). The criticism directed at Levin following ''You, and Me and the Next War'' and ''Ketchup'' deepened after the premiere of his third political play, ''Queen of a Bathtub'' ("מלכת אמבטיה), produced by the Cameri Theater in April 1970. David Levin directed the controversial play, which made pointed use of vulgarity, and contained provocative sketches such as "The Binding" in which Isaac begs his father Abraham not to hesitate to slaughter him, and "The Courting" which mocks Israeli volubility and arrogance. Perhaps because it was presented on the stage of an established theater, the play aroused an unprecedented storm of public opinion. Viewers protested and made a disturbance during the performances. The
National Religious Party The National Religious Party ( he, מִפְלָגָה דָּתִית לְאֻומִּית, ''Miflaga Datit Leumit'', commonly known in Israel by its Hebrew acronym Mafdal, ) was a political party in Israel representing the religious Zionist moveme ...
demanded censorship of a song that, in its opinion, profaned the honor of the Bible. The government threatened to withdraw its financial support from the theater. The criticism further addressed the play itself: "a combination of flawed dialogues and ditties attempting to toss salt on our open wounds" (Dr.
Haim Gamzu Haim Gamzu () (1910-1982) (also Haim Gamzou) was an Israeli art and drama critic. Biography Haim Gamzu was born in Chernihiv in the Russian Empire (now Ukraine). In 1923, his family immigrated to Mandatory Palestine. Gamzu studied art and philosop ...
); "This 'theatrash' (''mahazevel'') makes us all out to be despicable killers, citizens of a militarist, money-grabbing state." (Uri Porat); and "a scene about a reporter, who comes to interview a young widow whose husband died in the trenches, and plays at love with her, only a demonic or infirm mind could devise... it's a malicious abuse of thousands of bereaved parents" (Reuven Yanai). In spite of Levin's objections, the theater's management decided, in the wake of these outraged responses, to close the show after only nineteen performances.


Critical acclaim

Levin's first "artistic" play was the comedy ''Solomon Grip'', which premiered in May 1969 at the Open Theater under direction of Hillel Ne'eman. He achieved his first great public success with his next comedy, ''Hefez'', which was mounted on the stage of the
Haifa Theater The Haifa Theatre ( he, תיאטרון חיפה; ''Teat'ron Kheifa'') is the first municipal theater company of Haifa, Israel. Background Haifa Theater, Israel's first municipal theater, was established by Haifa mayor Abba Hushi. Together with the ...
in March 1972, directed by
Oded Kotler Oded Kotler ( he, עודד קוטלר; born 5 May 1937) is an Israeli actor and theatre director. He is best known for his role in the film '' Three Days and a Child'' (1967), for which he received the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor ...
. This play had previously been passed up by the Cameri and
Habima The Habima Theatre ( he, תיאטרון הבימה ''Te'atron HaBima'', lit. "The Stage Theatre") is the national theatre of Israel and one of the first Hebrew language theatres. It is located in Habima Square in the center of Tel Aviv. History ...
. His next play, ''Ya'akobi and Leidental'', the first that Levin also directed, was first presented in December 1972 at the Cameri Theater. During the 1970s, he continued to write and direct plays that primarily appeared at the Haifa Theater and Cameri (see the list of plays below). During this period Levin also wrote two screenplays: ''Floch'', directed by Danny Wolman in 1972, and ''Fantasy on a Romantic Theme'', directed by Vitek Tracz in 1977. The two movies earned the acclaim of critics, but not the public. The next great tempest occurred in the wake of the play ''
Job's Passion ''Job's Passion'' ( he, יסורי איוב, Ysurei 'Yov) is a play by Israeli playwright Hanoch Levin, based on the biblical story of Job, combined with elements of Christ's Passion. The play was first staged in April 1981 at The Cameri Theater ...
'' in 1981. The play included a scene in which the naked Job, in the person of
Yosef Carmon Yosef Carmon ( he, יוסף כרמון; 14 June 1933 – 2 March 2022) was an Israeli actor and theater director. Early life and education Born in Radom in 1933 to parents who were both Tanning (leather), tanners and the only son out of five ch ...
, is impaled through his anus on a pole by the Caesar's soldiers, and is sold to a circus so that his death throes can draw a crowd. Miriam Taaseh-Glazer, at the time the Deputy Minister of Education and Culture, announced from the
Knesset The Knesset ( he, הַכְּנֶסֶת ; "gathering" or "assembly") is the unicameral legislature of Israel. As the supreme state body, the Knesset is sovereign and thus has complete control of the entirety of the Israeli government (with ...
dais that the State need not fund a theater "where a naked guy hangs for ten minutes with all his privates waving around." Levin's next play, ''The Great Whore of Babylon'' (1982), aroused opposition even among his colleagues the Cameri Theater actors, chiefly
Yossi Yadin Yossi is a Hebrew given name, usually a short and nickname for Yosef (equivalent to English Joseph). It may refer to: People * Abba Yossi – mythology figure * Country Yossi – American singer and radio personality *Yossi Abu – Israeli execu ...
. Following this opposition, the play was cut by 20 minutes. Levin returned to political writing in ''The Patriot'', which opened October 1982 at the Neve Zedek Theater, directed by Oded Kotler. The play is about an Israeli citizen who asks to emigrate to the United States. The American consul asks him to spit on his mother, kick an Arab boy's face, and afterward, to taunt God. Although the Council for Film and Drama Criticism banned the entire play, Kottler decided to present it.
Yitzhak Zamir Yitzhak Zamir (Hebrew: יצחק זמיר) (born in Poland on April 15, 1931) is a professor of public law and Dean of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem's Faculty of Law, a former Attorney General of Israel, first Dean of the University of Haifa's ...
, then the government's legal counsel, recommended indictments against the theater management for transgressing censorship law. The play was allowed to go on only after it was edited. During the 1980s, some of the critics charged that Levin was repeating material in his plays (''Yakish and Poupche'', ''Hamitlabet''), although his later plays (''The Dreaming Child'', ''Those Who Walk in the Darkness'', ''Repose'', and others) received widespread acclaim. In 1994, ''The Dreaming Child'' was adapted as a television film by noted Israeli director Ram Loevy. The opera '' The Child Dreams'', composed by Gil Shohat, premiered in January 2010 on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the
Israeli Opera The Israeli Opera, formerly known as the New Israeli Opera, is the principal opera company of Israel. It was founded in 1985 after lack of Israeli government funding led to the demise of the Israel National Opera. Since 1994 the Tel Aviv Performi ...
. Sets and costumes were designed by
Gottfried Helnwein Gottfried Helnwein (born 8 October 1948) is an Austrian-Irish visual artist. He has worked as a painter, draftsman, photographer, muralist, sculptor, installation and performance artist, using a wide variety of techniques and media. His work is ...
, and the production was directed by
Omri Nitzan Omri ( ; he, , ''‘Omrī''; akk, 𒄷𒌝𒊑𒄿 ''Ḫûmrî'' 'ḫu-um-ri-i'' fl. 9th century BC) was, according to the Hebrew Bible, the sixth Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), king of Israel. He was a successful military campaigner who ex ...
, Artistic Director of the
Cameri Theater The Cameri Theater ( he, התיאטרון הקאמרי, ''HaTeatron HaKameri''), established in 1944 in Tel Aviv, is one of the leading theaters in Israel, and is housed at the Tel Aviv Performing Arts Center. History The Cameri theater was found ...
, who also helped Shohat adapt the play into the libretto. Levin also wrote popular songs ("Mr. Almost and Mrs. Already" recorded by
Yehudit Ravitz Yehudit Ravitz ( he, יהודית רביץ; born December 29, 1956) is an Israeli singer-songwriter, multidisciplinary artist, composer and music producer. She is one of the most successful and famous Israeli rock musicians, with a career spannin ...
, "What Does the Bird Care" and "Not Enough Room for Two on the Electric Pole" recorded by Aharit Hayamim, "I Live From Day to Day" recorded by
Rita Rita may refer to: People * Rita (given name) * Rita (Indian singer) (born 1984) * Rita (Israeli singer) (born 1962) * Rita (Japanese singer) * Eliza Humphreys (1850–1938), wrote under the pseudonym Rita Places * Djarrit, also known as Rita, ...
, "London" recorded by
Chava Alberstein Chava Alberstein ( he, חוה אלברשטיין, born 8 December 1946 in Poland) is an Israeli musician, lyricist, composer, and musical arranger. Biography Born Ewa Alberstein in Szczecin, Poland, her name was Hebraized to Chava when she ...
); published two books of prose (''The Eternal Invalid and the Beloved'' and ''A Man Stands Behind a Seated Woman'') and a book of poetry (''Life of the Dead''); and composed and directed episodes of the TV show ''Layla Gov'' ("How We Played -Pranks of Chupak and Afchuk").


Dramatic themes and style

Nurit Yaari divides Levin's plays into three general categories, based on their themes, characters and theatrical forms: * Satirical Cabarets – Levin’s early political pieces, “a straightforward reaction to the political reality prevailing at the time of their presentation…Levin’s cabarets are composed of a series of sketches interspersed with songs” * Domestic Comedies – Plays focused on small, representative elements of society: individuals, families, friends and neighbors, “the dramatic space of these plays extends between the home, as the smallest unit, and the neighborhood. The city and country are not mentioned” In this group Yaari identifies three subcategories: ** Courtship and marriage ** A particular family ** A neighborhood. * Spectacles of Doom – Levin’s philosophical and mythical works, which are usually based on ancient myths and biblical texts. These plays vary greatly in terms of plot, structure and the myths they draw upon, but habitually display similar themes such as: “the agonies and humiliations suffered by people” and “the futility of human suffering” as well as the recurring motifs of “degradation and death”


Awards and recognition

In 1994, Levin was the co-recipient (jointly with
Meir Wieseltier Meir Wieseltier (Hebrew: מאיר ויזלטיר, born 1941) is a prize-winning Israeli poet and translator. Biography Meir Wieseltier was born in Moscow in 1941, shortly before the German invasion of Russia. He was taken to Novosibirsk in southwe ...
) of the
Bialik Prize The Bialik Prize is an annual literary award given by the municipality of Tel Aviv, Israel, for significant accomplishments in Hebrew literature. The prize is named in memory of Israel's national poet Hayyim Nahman Bialik Hayim Nahman Bialik ...
for
literature Literature is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction, drama, and poetry. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include ...
. Levin's death brought new interest in his early stage works. The Israeli Theater Habimah performed several plays by Levin. An updated version of the
political satire Political satire is satire that specializes in gaining entertainment from politics; it has also been used with subversive intent where political speech and dissent are forbidden by a regime, as a method of advancing political arguments where s ...
"You, Me and the Next War" was staged from 2004 through 2008 by the original crew with
Bart Berman Bart Berman ( he, ברט ברמן; born 29 December 1938) is a Dutch-Israeli pianist and composer, best known as an interpreter of Franz Schubert and 20th-century music. Career Bart Berman studied piano with Jaap Spaanderman at a predecessor ...
at the piano.Yudilovitch, Merav (2005
"You, Me and the Next War" in the Arab-Hebrew Theater.
''
Ynet Ynet (stylized as ynet) is one of the major Israeli news and general-content websites, and is the online outlet for the '' Yedioth Ahronot'' newspaper. However, most of Ynet's content is original work, published exclusively on the website and wri ...
'' February 8.
In 2000 the musician
Dudi Levi Dudi may refer to: As a given name Dudi is a diminutive of Dawid, the Hebrew form of David. *Dudi Appleton, American journalist *Dudi Fadlon, Israeli footballer *Dudi Maia Rosa, Brazilian artist *Dudi Sela (born 1985), Israeli tennis player As a ...
released the disk ''Hanoch Levin Project'', comprising eleven songs whose words Hanoch Levin composed.


Published works


Plays

*''Hefetz'' *''Solomon Grip'' *''Ya'akobi & Leidental'' *''Young Varda'le'' *''Schitz'' *''Krum'' *''Popper'' *''The Rubber Merchants'' *''Winter Funeral'' *''Suitcase Packers'' *''Execution'' *''
Job's Passion ''Job's Passion'' ( he, יסורי איוב, Ysurei 'Yov) is a play by Israeli playwright Hanoch Levin, based on the biblical story of Job, combined with elements of Christ's Passion. The play was first staged in April 1981 at The Cameri Theater ...
'' *''The Great Whore of Babylon'' *''The Lost Women of Troy'' *''Everyone Wants to Live'' *''Yakish & Poupche'' *''Beaten and Defeated'' *''The Labor of Life'' *''The Hesitator'' *''Dreaming Child'' *''Hops & Hopla'' *''The Wonderful Woman Inside Us'' *''The Whore from Ohio'' *''Mouth Open'' *''The Conqueror'' *''Beheading'' *''Rape Trial'' *''The Man with the Knife in the Middle'' *''Elmo and Ruth'' *''Anxious and Frightened'' *''The People That Walked in Darkness'' *''Murder'' *''Must Be Punished'' *''Singles'' *''The Dreamer'' *''The Perpetual Mourner'' *''The Caretakers'' *''The Emperor'' *''Embarrassed'' *''Shozes & Bjijina'' *''Kludog the Miserable King'' *''To Hold On and Never Let Go'' *''Spasm and Twist'' *''Redemption'' *''And a Kiss for the Aunt'' *''Emperor Gok'' *''All the Queen's Men'' *''A Servant's Devotion to his Rigorous Lady'' *''Romantics'' *''Requiem'' *''Move my Heart''


Sketches, revues and cabarets

*''You, me and the next war'' *''Ketchup'' *''Queen of a Bathtub'' *''The Patriot'' *''The Gigolo from Congo''


Screenplays

*''Floch'' *'Fantasy on a Romantic Theme''


Prose

*''The Eternal Invalid and The Beloved'' *''A Man Stands Behind a Seated Woman''


Poetry

*''The Blessings of Dawn'' (1965) *''Friends' Party Poem'' (1967) *''Lives of the Dead'' (1980) *''As a Breeze Blows'' (1981) *''Farewell Rhymes to a Beloved'' (1998) *''Farewell Letters to a Beloved'' (1998)


Children's books

*''The Happy, Cheerful Cock'' *''Uncle Max's Journey''


See also

*
List of Bialik Prize recipients The Bialik Prize is an annual literary award given by the municipality of Tel Aviv, Israel, for significant accomplishments in Hebrew literature. The prize is named in memory of Israel's national poet Hayyim Nahman Bialik Hayim Nahman Biali ...
*
Theater of Israel The roots of the culture of Israel developed long before modern Israel's Declaration of Independence (Israel), independence in 1948, and traces back to ancient Israel ( 1000 BCE). It reflects Jewish culture, Jewish history in the Jewish diaspora, ...
* Culture of Israel


References


External links


Biblical Thematics in Stage Design for the Hebrew Theatre
Ben-Meir, Orna.
Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv University (TAU) ( he, אוּנִיבֶרְסִיטַת תֵּל אָבִיב, ''Universitat Tel Aviv'') is a public research university in Tel Aviv, Israel. With over 30,000 students, it is the largest university in the country. Locate ...
.
Hanoch Levin – Success Story
article by Moti Sandak at Jewish-theater.com *
Hanoch Levin
at Institute for Translation of Hebrew Literature. {{DEFAULTSORT:Levin, Hanoch 1943 births 1999 deaths Jews in Mandatory Palestine Israeli people of Polish-Jewish descent Jewish Israeli writers Israeli male dramatists and playwrights Israeli male poets Jewish dramatists and playwrights Tel Aviv University alumni 20th-century Israeli poets 20th-century Israeli dramatists and playwrights Deaths from cancer in Israel Deaths from prostate cancer Burials at Kiryat Shaul Cemetery Writers from Tel Aviv