Hail to the Thief

''Hail to the Thief'' is the sixth studio album by the English rock band Radiohead. It was released on 9 June 2003 through Parlophone internationally and a day later through Capitol Records in the United States. It was the last album released under Radiohead's record contract with EMI, the parent company of Parlophone and Capitol.

After transitioning to a more electronic style on their albums '' Kid A'' (2000) and '' Amnesiac'' (2001), which were recorded through protracted studio experimentation, Radiohead sought to work more spontaneously, combining electronic and rock music. They recorded most of ''Hail to the Thief'' in two weeks in Los Angeles with their longtime producer Nigel Godrich, focusing on live takes rather than overdubs.

Songwriter Thom Yorke wrote lyrics influenced by the unfolding war on terror and the surrounding political discourse, incorporating influences from fairy tales and children's literature. The cover artwork, created by the artist Stanley Donwood, is a roadmap of Hollywood with words taken from roadside advertising in Los Angeles and from Yorke's lyrics.

Following a high-profile internet leak of unfinished material ten weeks before release, ''Hail to the Thief'' debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and number three on the US ''Billboard'' 200 chart. It was certified platinum in the UK and Canada and gold in several countries. It was promoted with singles and music videos for "There There", " Go to Sleep" and " 2 + 2 = 5". ''Hail to the Thief'' received positive reviews; it was the fifth consecutive Radiohead album nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album, and won for the Grammy Award for Best Engineered Non-Classical Album.

Background

With their previous albums '' Kid A'' (2000) and '' Amnesiac'' (2001), recorded simultaneously, Radiohead replaced their guitar-led rock sound with a more electronic style. For the tours, they learned how to perform the music live, combining synthetic sounds with rock instrumentation. The singer, Thom Yorke, said: "Even with electronics, there is an element of spontaneous performance in using them. It was the tension between what's human and what's coming from the machines. That was stuff we were getting into." Radiohead did not want to make a "big creative leap or statement" with their next album.

In early 2002, after the ''Amnesiac'' tour had finished, Yorke sent his bandmates CDs of demos. Promotional interview CD sent to British music press. The three CDs, ''The Gloaming'', ''Episcoval'' and ''Hold Your Prize'', comprised electronic music alongside piano and guitar sketches. Radiohead had tried to record some of the songs, such as "I Will", for ''Kid A'' and ''Amnesiac'', but were not satisfied with the results. They spent May and June 2002 arranging and rehearsing the songs before performing them on their tour of Spain and Portugal in July and August.

Recording

In September 2002, Radiohead moved to Ocean Way Recording in Hollywood, Los Angeles, with their longtime producer Nigel Godrich. The studio was suggested by Godrich, who had used it to produce records by Travis and Beck and thought it would be a "good change of scenery" for Radiohead. Yorke said: "We were like, 'Do we want to fly halfway around the world to do this?' But it was terrific, because we worked really hard. We did a track a day. It was sort of like holiday camp."

''Kid A'' and ''Amnesiac'' were created through a years-long process of recording and editing that the drummer, Philip Selway, described as "manufacturing music in the studio". For their next album, Radiohead sought to capture a more immediate, "live" sound. Yorke said they wanted to spend less time "looking at computers and grids", and instead integrated computers into their performances with other instruments. He said "everything was about performance, like staging a play".

Radiohead tried to work quickly and spontaneously, avoiding procrastination and overanalysis. The guitarist Jonny Greenwood said: "We didn't really have time to be stressed about what we did. We got to the end of the second week before we even heard what we did on the first two days, and didn't even remember recording it or who was playing things. Which is a magical way of doing things." Yorke was forced to write lyrics differently, as he did not have time to rewrite them in the studio. For some songs, he returned to the method of cutting up words and arranging them randomly he had employed for ''Kid A'' and ''Amnesiac''.

Most electronic elements were not overdubbed, but recorded live in the studio. Greenwood used the music programming language Max to sample and manipulate the band's playing; for example, he used it to process his guitar on " Go To Sleep", creating a random stuttering effect. He continued to use modular synthesisers and the ondes Martenot, an early electronic instrument similar to a theremin''.'' After having used effects pedals heavily on previous albums, he challenged himself to create interesting guitar parts without effects.

Inspired by the Beatles, Radiohead tried to keep the songs concise. The opening track, " 2 + 2 = 5", was recorded as a studio test and finished in two hours. Radiohead struggled to record "There There"; after rerecording it in their Oxfordshire studio, Yorke was so relieved to have captured it he wept, feeling it was the band's best work. Radiohead had recorded an electronic version of "I Will" in the ''Kid A'' and ''Amnesiac'' sessions, but abandoned it as "dodgy Kraftwerk"; components of this recording were used to create "Like Spinning Plates" on ''Amnesiac''. For ''Hail to the Thief'', the band sought to "get to the core of what's good about the song" and not be distracted by production details or new sounds, settling on a stripped-back arrangement.

Radiohead recorded most of ''Hail to the Thief ''in two weeks, with additional recording and mixing at their studio in Oxfordshire, England, in late 2002 and early 2003. The guitarist Ed O'Brien told ''Rolling Stone'' that ''Hail to the Thief'' was the first Radiohead album "where, at the end of making it, we haven't wanted to kill each other". However, mixing and sequencing created conflict; according to Yorke, "There was a long sustained period during which we lived with it but it wasn't completely finished, so you get attached to versions and we had big rows about it." Godrich estimated that rough mixes from the Los Angeles sessions were used for a third of the album.

Lyrics and themes

The ''Hail to the Thief'' lyrics were influenced by what Yorke called "the general sense of ignorance and intolerance and panic and stupidity" following the 2000 election of US president George W. Bush. He took words and phrases from discourse around the unfolding War on Terror and used them in the lyrics and artwork. He denied any intent to make a "political statement" with the songs, but said: "I desperately tried not to write anything political, anything expressing the deep, profound terror I'm living with day to day. But it's just fucking there, and eventually you have to give it up and let it happen."

Yorke, a new father, adopted a strategy of "distilling" the political themes into "childlike simplicity". He took phrases from fairy tales and folklore such as the tale of Chicken Little, and from children's literature and television he shared with his son, such as the 1970s TV series '' Bagpuss.'' Parenthood made Yorke concerned about the condition of the world and how it could affect future generations. Greenwood felt Yorke's lyrics expressed "confusion and escape, like 'I'm going to stay at home and look after the people I care about, buy a month's supply of food'."

Yorke also took phrases from Dante's ''Inferno'', the subject of his partner Rachel Owen's PhD thesis. Several songs, such as "2 + 2 = 5", "Sit Down Stand Up", and "Sail to the Moon", reference Christian versions of good and evil and heaven and hell, a first for Radiohead's music. Other songs reference science fiction, horror and fantasy, such as the wolves and vampires of "A Wolf at the Door" and "We Suck Young Blood", the reference to the slogan " two plus two equals five" in the dystopian novel '' Nineteen Eighty-Four'', and the allusion to the giant of ''Gulliver's Travels'' in "Go to Sleep".

Title

Radiohead struggled to name the album. They considered titling it ''The Gloaming'' ( meaning "twilight" or "dusk"), but this was rejected as too "poetic" and "doomy" and so became the album's subtitle. Other titles considered included ''Little Man Being Erased'', ''The Boney King of Nowhere'' and ''Snakes and Ladders'', which became the alternative titles for "Go To Sleep", "There There" and "Sit Down. Stand Up". The use of alternative titles was inspired by Victorian playbills showcasing moralistic songs played in music halls.

The phrase "hail to the thief" was used by anti-Bush protesters as a play on " Hail to the Chief", the American presidential anthem. Yorke described hearing the phrase for the first time as a "formative moment". Radiohead chose the title partly in reference to Bush, but also in response to "the rise of doublethink and general intolerance and madness ... like individuals were totally out of control of the situation ... a manifestation of something not really human". The title also references the leak of an unfinished version of the album before its release. Yorke worried it might be misconstrued solely as reference to the US election, but his bandmates felt it "conjured up all the nonsense and absurdity and jubilation of the times".

Music

''Hail to the Thief'' incorporates alternative rock, art rock, experimental rock and electronic rock. It features more conventional rock instrumentation and less digital manipulation than Radiohead's previous albums ''Kid A'' and ''Amnesiac;'' it makes prominent use of live drums, guitar and piano, and Yorke's voice was less manipulated with effects. ''Rolling Stone'' said ''Hail to the Thief'' was "more tuneful and song-focused"''.'' Several tracks use the " Pixies-like" quiet-to-loud building of tension Radiohead had employed on previous albums.

Though Yorke described ''Hail to the Thief'' as "very acoustic", he denied that it was a "guitar record". It retains electronic elements such as synthesisers, drum machines and sampling, and Yorke and Jonny Greenwood are credited for "laptop". The ''Spin'' critic Will Hermes found that ''Hail to the Thief'' "seesaws between the chill of sequencers and the warmth of fingers on strings and keys". Radiohead saw ''Hail to the Thief'' as a "sparkly, shiny pop record. Clear and pretty." O'Brien felt the album captured a new "swaggering" sound, with "space and sunshine and energy".The opening track, " 2 + 2 = 5" is a rock song that builds to a loud climax. "Sit Down. Stand Up", an electronic song, was influenced by the jazz musician Charles Mingus. "Sail to the Moon" is a lullaby-like piano ballad with shifting time signatures. The lyrics allude to the Biblical story of Noah's Ark, and was written "in five minutes" for Yorke's infant son Noah.Tate, pg. 183. "Backdrifts" is an electronic song about "the slide backwards that's happening everywhere you look".

" Go to Sleep" begins with an acoustic guitar riff described by the bassist, Colin Greenwood, as "1960s English sort of folk". "Where I End and You Begin" is a rock song with "walls" of ondes Martenot and rhythm section influenced by New Order. According to Yorke, "We Suck Young Blood" is a "slave ship tune" with a free jazz break, and is "not to be taken seriously". With ill-timed, "zombie-like" handclaps, the song satirises Hollywood culture and its "constant desire to stay young and fleece people, suck their energy".

"The Gloaming" is an electronic song with "mechanical" rhythms that Jonny Greenwood built from tape loops. Greenwood described it as "very old school electronica: no computers, just analogue synths, tape machines, and sellotape". Yorke felt the song was "the most explicit protest song on the record ... I feel really strongly that it's about the rise of fascism, and the rise of intolerance and bigotry and fear, and all the things that keep a population down." "There There" is a rock song with layered percussion that builds to a loud climax. It was influenced by krautrock band Can, Siouxsie and the Banshees and the Pixies.

Yorke described "I Will" as "the angriest song I've ever written". Its lyrics were inspired by news footage of the Amiriyah shelter bombing in the Gulf War, which killed about 400 people, including children and families. The funk-influenced "A Punchup at a Wedding" expresses the helplessness Yorke felt in the face of world events, and his anger over a negative review of Radiohead's homecoming performance in South Park, Oxford in 2001. Yorke said the performance was "one of the biggest days in my life", and that "I just didn't understand why... how someone, just because they had access to a keyboard and a typewriter, could just totally write off an event that meant an awful lot to an awful lot of people." For "Myxomatosis", a song built on a driving fuzz bassline, Radiohead sought to recreate the "frightening" detuned synthesiser sounds of 1970s and 80s new wave bands such as Tubeway Army.

Jonny Greenwood described "Scatterbrain" as "very simple and sort of quite pretty, but there's something about the music for me, the chords for me, where it never quite resolves". '' NME'' described the final track, "A Wolf at the Door" as "a pretty song, with a sinister monologue over the top of it"; Greenwood likened its lyrics to a Grimms' fairy tale. Yorke described its placement at the end of the album as "sort of like waking you up at the end ... It's all been a nightmare and you need to go and get a glass of water now."

Artwork

The ''Hail to the Thief's'' artwork was created by Radiohead's collaborator Stanley Donwood, who joined them during the recording in Hollywood. Donwood initially planned to create artwork based on photographs of phallic topiary, but the idea was rejected by Yorke. Instead, the cover art is a roadmap of Hollywood, with words and phrases taken from roadside advertising in Los Angeles, such as "God", "TV" and "oil". Donwood noted that advertising was designed to be attractive, but that there was something "unsettling" about being sold something. He took the advertising slogans out of context to "remove the imperative" and "get to the pure heart of advertising".

Other words in the artwork were taken from Yorke's lyrics and political discussion surrounding the war on terror. Among them is " Burn the Witch", the title of a song Radiohead did not complete until their ninth album, '' A Moon Shaped Pool'' (2016). Other artworks included with the album refer to cities relevant to the war on terror, including New York, London, Grozny and Baghdad. Early editions contained a fold-out road map of the cover.

Comparing the cover to the more subdued palettes of his prior Radiohead artworks, Donwood described the bright, "pleasing" colours as "ominous because all these colours that I've used are derived from the petrol-chemical industry ... We've created this incredibly vibrant society, but we're going to have to deal with the consequences sooner or later." The essayist Amy Britton interpreted the artwork as an allusion to the Bush administration's "road map for peace" plan for the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Joseph Tate, likening it to the paintings of French artist Jean Dubuffet, saw it as a "homogenised and heavily regimented" portrayal of "capitalism's glaring visual presence: an oppressive sameness of style and colour that mirrors globalisation's reduction of difference".

Internet leak

On 30 March 2003, ten weeks before release, an unfinished version of ''Hail to the Thief'' was leaked online. The leak comprised rough edits and unmixed songs from January that year. On Radiohead's forum, Jonny Greenwood wrote that the band were "pissed off", not with downloaders but because unfinished work had been released "in this sloppy way". Colin Greenwood said the leak was "like being photographed with one sock on when you get out of bed in the morning", but expressed dismay at the cease-and-desist orders sent by label EMI to radio stations and fan sites playing the leaked tracks, saying: "Don't record companies usually pay thousands of dollars to get stations to play their records? Now they're paying money to stations not to play them."

EMI decided against moving the release date earlier to combat the leak. EMI executive Ted Mico said the company was confident that ''Hail to the Thief'' would sell and that the leak had brought them additional press. The leak partly influenced Radiohead's decision to self-release their next album, '' In Rainbows'' (2007), online, terming it "their leak date"."The way we termed it was "our leak date." Every record for the last four – including my solo record – has been leaked. So the idea was like, ''we'll'' leak it, then."

Release

''Hail to the Thief'' was released on 9 June 2003 by Parlophone Records in the UK and a day later by Capitol Records in the US. The CD was printed with copy protection in some regions; the Belgian consumer group Test-Achats received complaints that it would not play on some CD players. A compilation of ''Hail to the Thief'' B-sides, remixes and live performances, '' Com Lag (2plus2isfive)'', was released in April 2004.

''Hail to the Thief'' reached number one in the UK Albums Chart and stayed on the chart for 14 weeks, selling 114,320 copies in its first week. In the US, it entered at number three on the ''Billboard'' 200, selling 300,000 copies in its first week, more than any previous Radiohead album. By 2008, it had sold over a million copies in the US. It is certified platinum in the UK Note: reader must define search parameter as "Radiohead". and Canada.

Promotion

According to the '' Guardian'' critic Alexis Petridis, ''Hail to the Thief's'' marketing campaign was "by adioheadstandards ... a promotional blitzkrieg". In April 2003, promotional posters spoofing talent recruitment posters appeared in Los Angeles and London with slogans taken from the lyrics of "We Suck Young Blood". The posters included a phone number spelling the phoneword "to thief", which connected callers to a recording welcoming them to the "''Hail to the Thief'' customer care hotline". In May, planes trailing ''Hail to the Thief'' banners flew over the California Coachella Festival.

"There There" was released as the lead single on 26 May 2003. Yorke asked the ''Bagpuss'' creator, Oliver Postgate, to create its music video, but Postgate, who was retired, declined. Instead, a stop-motion animated video was created by Chris Hopewell. The video debuted on the Times Square Jumbotron in New York on 20 May 2003, and received hourly play that day on MTV2. "There There" was followed by the singles " Go to Sleep" on 18 August and " 2 + 2 = 5" on 17 November.

In June, Radiohead relaunched their website, featuring digital animations on the themes of mass-media culture and 24-hour cities. They also launched radiohead.tv, where short films, music videos and live webcasts from the studio were streamed at scheduled times. Visitors late for streams were shown a test card with "1970s-style" intermission music. Yorke said Radiohead had planned to broadcast the material on their own television channel, but this was cancelled due to "money, cutbacks, too weird, might scare the children, staff layoffs, shareholders". The material was released on the 2004 DVD '' The Most Gigantic Lying Mouth of All Time''.

Critical reception

''Hail to the Thief'' has a score of 85 out of 100 on review aggregate site Metacritic, indicating "universal acclaim". Neil McCormick, writing for ''The Daily Telegraph'', called it "Radiohead firing on all cylinders, a major work by major artists at the height of their powers". Chris Ott of ''Pitchfork'' wrote that Radiohead had "largely succeeded in their efforts to shape pop music into as boundless and possible a medium as it should be" and named it the week's "Best New Music". The '' New York'' critic Ethan Brown said that ''Hail to the Thief'' "isn't a protest album, and that's why it works so well. As with great Radiohead records past, such as ''Kid A'', the music – restlessly, freakishly inventive – pushes politics far into the background." Andy Kellman of AllMusic wrote that "despite the fact that it seems more like a bunch of songs on a disc rather than a singular body, its impact is substantial", concluding that the band "have entered a second decade of record-making with a surplus of momentum". In ''Mojo'', Peter Paphides wrote that ''Hail to the Thief'' "coheres as well as anything else in their canon".

James Oldham of '' NME'' saw ''Hail to the Thief'' as "a good rather than great record... the impact of the best moments is dulled by the inclusion of some indifferent electronic compositions." The '' Q'' writer John Harris felt that some of the material "comes dangerously close to being all experimentalism and precious little substance". Alexis Petridis of ''The Guardian'' wrote that while "you could never describe ''Hail to the Thief'' as a bad record", it was "neither startlingly different and fresh nor packed with the sort of anthemic songs that once made adioheadthe world's biggest band". He felt the political lyrics and bleak mood put Radiohead in danger of self-parody. Robert Christgau of ''The Village Voice'' wrote that while its melodies and guitar work are "never as elegiac and lyrical" or "articulate and demented" as those of ''OK Computer'', he felt it "flows better" and later awarded it an "honourable mention".

''Hail to the Thief'' was the fifth consecutive Radiohead album nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album, and earned Godrich and engineer Darrell Thorp the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Engineered Non-Classical Album. In 2010, ''Rolling Stone'' ranked ''Hail to the Thief'' the 89th best album of the 2000s, writing that "the dazzling overabundance of ideas makes ''Hail to the Thief'' a triumph".

Legacy

Radiohead have criticised ''Hail to the Thief''. In 2006, Yorke told ''Spin'': "I'd maybe change the playlist. I think we had a meltdown when we put it together ... We wanted to do things quickly, and I think the songs suffered." In 2008, Yorke posted an alternative track listing on Radiohead's website, omitting "Backdrifts", "We Suck Young Blood", "I Will" and "A Punchup at a Wedding". That year, in an interview with ''Mojo'', O'Brien said Radiohead should have cut the album to ten tracks and that its length had alienated some listeners, and Colin Greenwood said several songs were unfinished and that the album was "a holding process". Jonny agreed that the album was too long, and said: "We were trying to do what people said we were good at ... But it was good for our heads. It was good for us to be doing a record that came out of playing live." In 2013, Godrich told ''NME:'' "I think there's some great moments on there — but too many songs ... As a whole I think it's charming because of the lack of editing. But personally it's probably my least favourite of all the albums ... It didn't really have its own direction. It was almost like a homogeny of previous work. Maybe that's its strength."

Reissues

After a period of being out of print on vinyl, EMI reissued a double LP of ''Hail to the Thief'' on 19 August 2008 along with ''Kid A'', ''Amnesiac'' and '' OK Computer'' as part of the "From the Capitol Vaults" series.

On 31 August 2009, EMI reissued ''Hail to the Thief'' in a 2-CD "Collector's Edition" and a 2-CD 1-DVD "Special Collector's Edition". The first CD contains the original studio album; the second CD collects B-sides and live performances previously compiled on the ''COM LAG (2plus2isfive)'' EP (2004); the DVD contains music videos and a live television performance. Radiohead, who left EMI in 2007, had no input into the reissue and the music was not remastered. ''Pitchfork'' named the "Collector's Edition" the week's "best new reissue" and "Gagging Order" the best B-side included in the bonus material. '' The A.V. Club'' wrote that the bonus content was all "worth hearing, though the live tracks stand out".

The "Collector's Editions" were discontinued after Radiohead's back catalogue was transferred to XL Recordings in 2016. In May 2016, XL reissued Radiohead's back catalogue on vinyl, including ''Hail to the Thief''.

Track listing

All songs written by Radiohead.

# " 2 + 2 = 5" ("The Lukewarm.") – 3:19
# "Sit down. Stand up." ("Snakes & Ladders.") – 4:19
# "Sail to the Moon." ("Brush the Cobwebs out of the Sky.") – 4:18
# "Backdrifts" ("Honeymoon is Over.") – 5:22
# " Go to Sleep." ("Little Man being Erased.") – 3:21
# "Where I End and You Begin." ("The Sky Is Falling In.") – 4:29
# "We suck Young Blood." ("Your Time is Up.") – 4:56
# "The Gloaming." ("Softly Open our Mouths in the Cold.") – 3:32
# " There there." ("The Boney King of Nowhere.") – 5:25
# "I will." ("No man's Land.") – 1:59
# "A Punchup at a Wedding." ("No no no no no no no no.") – 4:57
# "Myxomatosis." ("Judge, Jury & Executioner.") – 3:52
# "Scatterbrain." ("As Dead as Leaves.") – 3:21
# "A Wolf at the Door." ("It Girl. Rag Doll.") – 3:21

Personnel

Adapted from the ''Hail to the Thief'' liner notes.

Radiohead
*Thom Yorke – voice, words, guitar, piano, laptop
*Jonny Greenwood – guitar, analogue systems, ondes Martenot, laptop, toy piano, glockenspiel
*Colin Greenwood – bass, string synth, sampler
* Ed O'Brien – guitar, effects, voice
*Philip Selway – drums, percussion

Additional personnel
*Nigel Godrich – recording, editing, operation, mixing
*Darrell Thorp – engineering, backing up, cataloguing
*Plank – instrument maintenance and rebuilding
*Graeme Stewart – tape loops on "The Gloaming", engineering of preliminary sessions
*Stanley Donwood – painting, packaging

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

Footnotes

Sources
*Bendat, Jim. ''Democracy's Big Day: The Inauguration of our President 1789–2009''. iUniverse Star, 2008. .
*Britton, Amy. ''Revolution Rock: The Albums Which Defined Two Ages''. AuthorHouse, 2011. .
*Forbes, Brandon W. ''Radiohead and Philosophy: Fitter Happier More Deductive''. Open Court, 2009.
*Tate, Joseph. ''The Music and Art of Radiohead''. Ashgate Publishing, 2005. .

External links

Official Radiohead website
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2003 albums
Radiohead albums
Albums produced by Nigel Godrich
Capitol Records albums
Parlophone albums
Electronic rock albums by English artists
Political music albums by English artists
Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical