HMS Hilary (1931)

SS ''Hilary'' was a British steam passenger liner that was built in 1931 and scrapped in 1959. She spent much of her career on a scheduled service between Liverpool in England and Manaus in Brazil.

In the Second World War the ship spent two periods in the Royal Navy as HMS ''Hilary''. The first was in 1941–42 as an ocean boarding vessel. The second was in 1943–45 as a landing ship, infantry and headquarters ship.

''Hilary'' belonged to the Booth Steamship Company throughout her career. She was the largest ship Booth ever owned, both in length and in tonnage. She also had the most powerful engines of any Booth ship.

This was the third Booth ship to be called ''Hilary''. The first was a cargo ship that was built in 1889 as ''Red Sea'', bought by Booth and renamed ''Hilary'' in 1892, sold in 1911 to Japanese buyers and renamed ''Misumi Maru''. The second was a passenger and cargo ship that was built in 1908, requisitioned in 1914 as the armed merchant cruiser , and sunk in 1917 by a u-boat.

Building

Cammell, Laird and Company built ''Hilary'' for £219,000. She was launched on 17 April 1931 and completed that August.

''Hilary'' was long and her tonnages were and , which made her the largest ship in Booth's fleet. As built, she had berths for 80 first class and 250 third class passengers.

''Hilary'' had five single-ended boilers, each heated by three furnaces. The boilers raised steam at 230 lb_f/in² for her main engine, which was a three-cylinder triple-expansion steam engine that drove her single screw.

''Hilary'' also had a Bauer-Wach turbine to increase her power and fuel efficiency. Exhaust steam from the low-pressure cylinder of her main engine powered a low-pressure turbine. Via double-reduction gearing and a Föttinger fluid coupling the turbine drove the same propeller shaft as her main engine.

The combined power of her main engine plus the turbine was rated at 1,033 NHP, and gave her a speed of .

''Hilary''s UK official number was 162350. Until 1933 her code letters were LHFD. From 1934 they were superseded by the call sign GQVM.

From the start of her career ''Hilary'' was equipped with wireless direction finding. By 1935 she had been fitted with an echo sounding device.

Second World War service

For the first year of the Second World War ''Hilary'' continued in civilian service, using convoys to make at least three trips from Liverpool to Lisbon. In September 1940 she was a member of Convoy HX 70 from Halifax, Nova Scotia to Liverpool.

Ocean boarding vessel

On 16 October 1940 the British Admiralty requisitioned ''Hilary'' and sent her to South Shields for conversion into an ocean boarding vessel. She was armed with two 6-inch guns, one 12-pounder gun and four anti-aircraft machine guns. On 21 January 1941 she was commissioned as HMS ''Hilary'', with the pennant number F 22.

In April 1941 ''Hilary'' was one of the escorts of Convoy OB 313.

On 3 May 1941 ''Hilary'' intercepted the Italian tanker ''Recco'' south of the Azores. The Italian crew scuttled ''Recco'' to prevent ''Hilary'' from capturing her.

On 10 May ''Hilary'' captured the Italian tanker '' Gianna M'' off Las Palmas and put a prize crew aboard her. ''Hilary'' and her prize joined Convoy HG 61, which had left Gibraltar and was bound for Liverpool. The prize crew took ''Gianna M'' to Belfast, where she was taken over by the Ministry of War Transport and renamed ''Empire Control''.

''Hilary'' continued as a convoy escort between Liverpool, Gibraltar and Freetown from May until October 1941. She again escorted convoys between Liverpool and Freetown in February 1942. In March 1942 she escorted Convoy WN 261 from Oban in the west of Scotland around the north coast to Methil on the Firth of Forth.

Civilian service

In 1942 the Admiralty returned ''Hilary'' to civilian service with Booth Line. Sources disagree as to whether she was decommissioned on 15 April or 26 July. She had resumed merchant service by August 1942, and then sailed in transatlantic convoys. In two convoys in October and November 1942 ''Hilary'' was the commodore ship.

On one occasion in 1942 two U-boats pursued ''Hilary''. One hit ''Hilary'' with a torpedo amidships, but it failed to detonate.

In November 1942 ''Hilary'' took part in Convoy UGF 2 from Hampton Roads to Casablanca in support of the Allied invasion of French North Africa. In December she sailed from Liverpool to Freetown, and in January and February 1943 she sailed from New York City via Guantanamo and Trinidad to Bahia in Brazil.

Infantry landing ship (headquarters)

The Admiralty then requisitioned ''Hilary'' a second time. She was converted at Birkenhead into an infantry landing ship (headquarters), equipped with six landing craft and berths for 313 crew and 378 troops.

In July 1943 ''Hilary'' was Rear Admiral Philip Vian's headquarters ship in Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily. At the same time she carried elements of the 1st Canadian Division and Royal Marine Commandos.

In September 1943 ''Hilary'' was Flag Commodore Geoffrey Oliver's headquarters ship for Operation Avalanche, the Allied landing near Salerno. That December she returned to Britain and was based at Portsmouth.

In June 1944 ''Hilary'' was Commodore Oliver's headquarters ship for Force "J", and on the night of 5–6 June led Convoy J11 from Spithead to Juno Beach for the Normandy landings. On 13 June she was slightly damaged by a near miss by a bomb. On 23 June she became Admiral Vian's flagship for the Eastern Task Force, replacing which had been damaged by a mine.

In 1945 the Admiralty decommissioned ''Hilary'' again.

Post-war service

Booth sent ''Hilary'' to Birkenhead to be refitted for civilian service. Her third class accommodation was reduced to 138 berths but her first class was slightly increased to 93 berths. In March 1946 she returned to service between Liverpool and Brazil.

In 1956 ''Hilary'' was refitted in Antwerp. Her total capacity was reduced again, to 86 first class and 122 tourist class berths. Also in 1956, Elder, Dempster and Company chartered ''Hilary'' for its service between Liverpool and Lagos. For this her hull was painted white, making her the first Booth ship to have a white hull. In 1957 ''Hilary'' returned to her Booth Line service between Liverpool and the Amazon River.

On 15 September 1959 ''Hilary'' arrived at Inverkeithing on the Firth of Forth at the yard of Thos. W. Ward, where she was broken up for scrap.

See also

References

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hilary, 1940
1931 ships
Amphibious warfare vessels of the Royal Navy
World War II Auxiliary cruisers of the Royal Navy
Ocean liners of the United Kingdom
Ships of the Booth Steamship Company
Ships built on the River Mersey
Steamships of the United Kingdom
World War II passenger ships of the United Kingdom